2023 Chapter 1 C&I PDF

FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND BUILT ENVIRONMENT BFC23702 CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION  CHAPTER 1: Introduction to Creativity and Innovation Topics: (2 hours lecture) 1.1 Definition and Concept of Cr...

FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND BUILT ENVIRONMENT BFC23702 CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION  CHAPTER 1: Introduction to Creativity and Innovation Topics: (2 hours lecture) 1.1 Definition and Concept of Creativity 1.1.1 Divergent Thinking 1.1.2 Convergent Thinking 1.1.3 Divergent vs Convergent Thinking 1.2 Definition and Concept of Innovation 1.3 Definition and Concept of Technopreneurship 1.4 The Need for Creativity and Innovation 1.5 The Need for Technopreneurship 1.6 Stimulants to Creativity 1.7 Obstacles to Creativity  1.1 Definition & Concept of Creativity WHAT IS CREATIVITY ? Creativity is a phenomenon whereby something new and somehow valuable is formed. The created item may be intangible (such as an idea, a scientific theory, a musical composition or a joke).  CREATIVITY FROM OTHER SCHOLAR PERSPECTIVES (Edward De Bono, (Kerr, 2023) (Ababneh, 2020). 1992). Creativity is ability to make something Creativity is a Creativity involve new whether a new process that can the production of solution to a be developed and novel and useful problem, a new improved ideas or problem device, or a new solutions artistic object or form.  To view things in different way Think differently…… To develop To find imaginative ideas solutions to problems Think differently…… Think differently……  Someone thought differently about expanding the orange market.… Tropicana Orange Berocca Tuscan Blood Refreshing orange Orange Perfume Effervescent juice that are bright multivitamins with and sweet flavour A fruity and sweet orange flavor boost scent that is energy throughout the therapeutic and entire day soothing for some  CHARACTERISTICS OF CREATIVE INDIVIDUALS Sensitive to Independent Reasonable problem thinking level of Imagination intelligence Receptive/ Get to the Risk taker positive/ flexible heart of problems  CREATIVITY: left brain vs right brain  LEFT BRAIN FUNCTIONS Practical Uses logic Facts rule Math and Detail oriented Science Words and Present and past language Knowing Order/ pattern Acknowledges Safe perception Can Knows object comprehend Reality based name  RIGHT BRAIN FUNCTIONS Big picture Imagination Risk tasking Impetuous Uses feeling oriented rules Symbols and Present and Philosophy & images future religion Can “get it” Appreciates Believes Ex: meaning Spatial Knows object Fantasy based perception function  THE PRINCIPLES OF CREATIVITY EXPERTISE: Technical, procedural and intellectual MOTIVATION: knowledge. Intrinsic motivation (an inner passion) to solve the problem which is influenced by the work CREATIVE environment. THINKING SKILLS: How flexibility and imagitively people approach problem.  1.1.1 Divergent Thinking Definition of Divergent Thinking Typically occurs A thought in a spontaneous, process or free-flowing, 'non method used to -linear' manner, generate creative such that many ideas by ideas are exploring many generated in an possible emergent solutions cognitive fashion  Technique To Stimulate Divergent Thinking 4 3 2 1 a. Involves generating a. Effective way to a. Write down whatever a. Involves putting a list of ideas in a record ideas that one comes to mind about brainstormed ideas in the creative, unstructured thinks of the topic, without form of a visual map or manner. spontaneously stopping to proofread picture that that shows the or revise the writing. relationships among these b. Generate as many b. Can create a ideas ideas as possible in a collection of thoughts b. Generate a variety of short period of time. on various subjects thoughts about a topic b. A topic may have 4 that later become a in a short period of subtopics, and each of those c. Key source book of ideas time 4 subtopics may have 2 tool"piggybacking" subtopics of the subtopic *Note: This includes both divergent and convergent Keeping a journal thinking 03 Free writing 04 BRAINSTORMING 02 Mind mapping 01  Guidelines for Divergent Thinking D DEFER JUDGEMENT Deferring judgment isn’t the same as having no judgment. It just says “hold off for a while”. Avoid judging ideas as either bad or good in the divergent-thinking phase G GO FOR QUANTITY Take the time necessary and use the tools in this guide to generate a long list of potential options Stretch to create wild ideas. While these may not work S SEEK WILD directly, getting way outside the box allows the space to IDEAS discover extraordinary ideas Use one idea a s a springboa rd for a not her. Build, C COMBINE AND BUIL D combine, and improve ideas  Curiosity Complexity Elaboration ELEMENTS OF Risk-taking Flexibility DIVERGENT THINKING Originality Fluency Imagination  COMPLEXITY FLEXIBILITY FLUENCY IMAGINATION The capability of The capability of The capacity to The skill of creating varied dreaming up, conceptualize engendering many perceptions or inventing, or to difficult, ideas so as to have an categories wherefrom think, to see, to multifaceted, many increase in the number come a range of conceptualize layered or intricate of potential solutions different ideas novel products or products or ideas or associated products pertaining to the same ideas, to be thing or problem original ORIGINALITY RISK TASKING ELABORATION CURIOSITY The skill of coming up The readiness to be The personality with fresh, unusual, courageous, daring, The skill of adding to, characteristic of unique, extremely adventuresome – building off of or displaying probing different or completely take risks or embellishing a behaviors, searching, new products or ideas experiment with new product or an idea asking questions, things so as to stand learning to get more apart knowledge/informatio n about something, and of being able to go deeper into ideas  Divergent thinking skills, challenge your imagination UNDERSTANDING EXAMPLE: DIVERGENT What can you do with a pencil? THINKING.... A stick? A duster?  Enhance Generate Explore e ze Visualiz Fantaci e Combin Imagine h Go big a nd Play wit wide DIVERGENT WORDS....  FORCED CONNECTION BRAINSTORM SIX THINKING ING HATS DIVERGENT THINKING TOOLS LATERAL SCAMPER THINKING MIND MAPPING 1.1.2 DEFINITION OF CONVERGENT THINKING Consider all available information and arrive at the single best possible answer Applying logic and knowledge to solve problems, achieve objectives or to make a decisions  Strong emphasis on speed, accuracy, and logic Accumulate knowledge that can be applied in future situations Problem is located at the “centre” Ability to apply rules to arrive at a Focus and then gather the solution sin g le ‘co r r ect ’ so lu t io n t o a based on the problem problem such as the answer to an The resources “ converge” on the IQ t est problem. This process is problem systematic and linear WHERE TO BEGIN ? 1. CLUSTER 2. REFINE 3. SELECT 4. FOCUS 5. CLARIFY CONVERGENT WORDS  Convergent Thinking Tools Cost Benefit Evaluation Matrix Analysis Modelling Prioritisation Paired Pilot Test Comparison Analysis SWOT Poka Yoke  1.1.3 Divergent and Convergent Divergent Thinking... Convergent Thinking... 1st ste p in the cre ative 2nd step in 2-step process process Narrow ideas Generating ideas Evaluates ideas Fluency, originality, elaboration Using logic Includes brainstorming Critical thinking Intrinsic Left brain involvement Right brain involvement Example: Example: Brainstorm ideas Narrow down the ideas without judgement. by logic and critical Imagine multiple thinking. Plan the things and designs. Do project and preservere not let external forces at making the creation. impede Communicate results.  FAN, EXPLORE, FOCUS Spend some time ‘in between’ fanning and focussing – exploring what you are finding out Seeking as many options Teasing out Selecting & refining the as possible possibilities option(s) to implement FAN EXPLORE FOCUS Divergent Emergen Convergen Thinking t
t Thinking Thinking  FAN & FOCUS ISSUES Preconceived ideas /
Ignoring/overlooking possibilities Lack of creativity Short-changing one phase  INTERALATION Divergent and Convergent are interrelated Convergent Divergent Emergent Analytical Creative Our Thinking Thinking Thinking  Tools and Techniques Fan Explore Focus (Divergent) (Explore) (Convergent) Brainstorm 5 whys Cost-benefit Daydream 6 thinking hats analysis ‘Tinker’ Stakeholder Prioritisation Imagine analysis Modelling Provocative Risk analysis Pilot test questions SWOT analysis Flowcharting Gap analysis Mind-mapping Tasking/ Case studies (seeing Force field analysis delegation what others did) Forced analogy  Comparison vs Divergent Thinking Convergent Thinking Risky Safe Focusing on shifting perspectives Protect and preserve past knowledge Production of large volume of ideas Focusing on discovering one correct answer Combining dissimilar ideas Combining similar ideas Unconventional Focusing on accuracy Discovering new possibilities Build on traditional activities Wide range of past experiences Narrow range of options  1.2 Definition & Concept of Innovation WHAT IS INNOVATION ? Innovation is the implementation of a new or significantly improved product, service or process that creates value for business, government or society.  INNOVATION FROM OTHER SCHOLAR PERSPECTIVES (Howell & Higgins, (Baskaran & Mehta, (McKinsey, 2022) 1990) 2016) Innovation is the Innovation is the systematic practice The process by which process of producing of developing and entrepreneurs convert and combining ideas to marketing opportunities into solve future problems by breakthrough marketable ideas. connecting existing products and services accomplishments with for adoption by past experiences customers.  FORMS OF INNOVATION (CON’T)
1 Radical Innovation Radical Innovation is an invention that destroys or supplants an existing business model. It blows up the existing system/ process and replace it with something that is entirely new Example of radical innovation: Development of Internet- Revolutionized the way we communicate and access information.  FORMS OF INNOVATION (CON’T)
2 Incremental Innovation Incremental Innovation refers to a series of small improvements made to a company’s existing products or services. Example of incremental innovation: Model: Xs Max Model: 15 Pro Max September 2018 September 2023 Focused on improving an existing product's development efficiency, productivity and competitive differentiation  TYPES OF INNOVATION Product Business Model Innovation involves Innovation involves the introduction of a new changing the way good or service that is new business is done in terms or substantially improved. 1 3 of capturing value e.g. HP This might include vs. Dell, hub and spoke improvements in airlines vs. Southwest functional characteristics, technical abilities, ease of use, or any other 2 dimension. Process Service Innovation involves Innovation is similar 4 the implementation of a to product innovation new or significantly except that the innovation improved production or relates to services rather delivery method. than to products  EXAMPLE types of Innovation - Product Innovation Digital watch Smart watch Innovations in smartwatch technology explains how connectivity and convenience are being fit into smaller packages. Ability to perform life-altering functions like detecting abnormal heartbeats, calling for assistance in the case of an emergency, smart navigation for easier journey make it difference from the digital watch  EXAMPLE types of Innovation - Business Model Innovation Netflix DVD rental Netflix online streaming platform Netflix transformed from a DVD rental into an online streaming platform. This means that customers no longer had to wait for their DVD to be delivered, as they were now able to watch Netflix content through its online streaming platform using smartphones or computer.  EXAMPLE types of Innovation - Service Innovation Physical bank counter service Online banking service Banking Industry Allowing a customer access to full banking services in real time. The goal of retail banking innovation is to improve the customer experience and make banking more convenient, efficient, and secure for consumer  EXAMPLE types of Innovation - Process Innovation Ford Ranger 2023 Henry Ford – the Father of Process Innovation Henry Ford created the assembly line method which disrupted the established, individually hand-built method of the day. Ford further innovated the assembly line by timing the process so it had a logical flow. Employees performed one operation all day and became experts at their operation. This process change not only simplified vehicle assembly but shortened the time necessary to produce single vehicle from 12 hours to 90 minutes. INNOVATION STRATEGIES Give opportunities to employees Information from outside the organization Financial backing to innovation Skillful recruitment policy Employees should be rewarded Target being set for innovation  CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION ▪ Creativity is the process of generating unique and useful ideas. ▪ Innovation will take place when there is a creative idea generation. ▪ Innovation is about taking the creative/unique new idea and turning it into something of value ▪ Innovation requires discipline and action to evaluate the ideas, test them, modify them and then apply them. It is through there disciplined and actions that turn an idea into something of value.  DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION CREATIVITY INNOVATION Imagination Process Generating VS Implementation Product Developing Novelty Usefulness Soft Hard  EXAMPLE OF CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION CREATIVITY INNOVATION VS M ost of th e ti me, h a v i n g QR code payment is a form of credit ca rds is ea sier a nd mobile commerce that enables safer than cash in person. users to scan a code with their Even though the concept for smartphone camera and pay for this card is quite creative, can products or services without using i t b e tra n sf o rm ed i n to cash or credit cards. That's how Innovation? creativity turns into innovation.  APPLICATION OF WOOL IN CIVIL ENGINEERING- Sheep Wool Application of sheep wool in cement- based composites is fibre reinforcement. Fibrous material was used in cement matrix composites in both mortar and concrete. Example of Sheep wool used in cement- based composites. APPLICATION OF WOOL IN CIVIL ENGINEERING- Sheep Wool Thermal insulation: Sheep wool fibers are naturally crimped, which traps air and creates an insulating barrier. As a result, sheep wool is an effective thermal insulator, and is often used in buildings to improve energy efficiency and reduce heating and cooling costs.  EXERCISE 1) What is creativity? 2) What is an innovation? 3) Give an example of how creativity and innovative concepts can be used in civil engineering. 1.3 Definition and Concept of Technopreneurship WHAT IS TECHNOPRENEURSHIP ? Is a combination of the words ‘technology’ and ‘entrepreneurship’.. It is a type of technology-related entrepreneurship. It requires tech-savvy, creative, imaginative people who can take on a calculated risk. Technopreneurship involves the creation of a product or solution that employs technology solutions to transform the way people do things in a traditional method.  1.4 The Need for Creativity and Innovation THE NEED FOR CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION Competition Efficiency / economy Technical advances elsewhere Pure R & D Market share Competitive advantage Deal with change Customers (more demanding / higher expectations) External factors  1.5 The Need for Technopreneurship New product and services Accelerated Economic Growth Utilizing the existing resources in the most effective ways Solving problems that existing product and Promotes Innovation technology have not yet solved Break tradition/ culture and dependency Promote Social Changes of society on obsolete methods, systems and technologies. Combined action of entrepreneurs by Promotes Research and
motivating each other, share ideas and Industrial Development inspiration, and share planning to establish new industries.  EXAMPLE OF SUCCESSFUL TECHNOPRENEURSHIP Elon Musk founder of Tesla Motors Tesla is a prime example of technopreneurship in the automotive and clean energy sectors because it combines advanced technology with entrepreneurship to transform transportation and energy production. Source: https://paultan.org/2023/07/20/2023-tesla-model-y-now-in-malaysia- standard-range-rm199k-long-range-rm246k-performance-rm288k/  EXAMPLE OF SUCCESSFUL TECHNOPRENEURSHIP Anthony Than Grabs’s founder Grab is a prime example of technopreneurship Source: https://finance.yahoo.com/news/grab-time100-most-influential- in Malaysia. It is a Southeast Asian ride-hailing, companies food delivery, and digital payment platform. The company's success can be attributed to its in n ov a t iv e u se of t ech n olog y t o a d d r ess transportation and logistics challenges in the region.  TECHNOPRENEURSHIP PROJECT IDEA Project Title: Smart Construction Site Monitoring and Management System Th e "Sma r t Con st r u ct ion Sit e Mon it or in g a n d Ma n a gemen t Sy st em" is a n in n ova t ive technopreneurial project that aims to address the challenges faced in construction site management. This project leverages modern technology, including the Internet of Things (IoT) and data analytics, to create a comprehensive solution that improves ef ficiency, safety, and sustainability in construction operations. Project Title: Automated Waste Sorting and Recycling System for Residential Communities The "Automated Waste Sorting and Recycling System for Residential Communities" project combines environmental sustainability with technology to address the growing issue of waste management in residential areas. This project aims to develop a cost-effective and ef ficient automated system for sorting and recycling household waste within residential communities.  1.6 Stimulants To Creativity STIMULANTS TO WORK CREATIVITY FREEDOM in deciding work to do WORK GROUP SUPPORTS such or how to do it as diverse skills, people who communicate well, are open to new ideas, constructively CHALLENGE to work hard on challenge one another’s work, important projects trust and help each other, and feel committed to their work RESOURCES needed to do the work ORGANIZATIONAL ENCOURAGEMENT in a culture ENCOURAGEMENT from a that supports creativity and supervisor who is a good work communicates a shared vision of model, sets appropriate goals, organization supports and has confidence in the work group  1.7 Obstacles To Creativity OBSTACLES/ CONSTRAINT TO WORK CREATIVITY ORGANIZATIONAL IMPEDIMENTS WORKLOAD Internal political PRESSURES problems, harsh Extreme time criticism of new ideas, pressure, unrealistic destructive internal expectations, or competition, distractions avoidance of risk and overemphasis on the status quo Visual Intelligence Problems  Activity 1 Connect all nine dots with four (4) straight continuous lines without your pen (or pencil) leaving the paper.  ANSWER Connect all nine dots with four (4) straight continuous lines without your pen (or pencil) leaving the paper.  Activity 2 Connect all of the sixteen circles shown below, using six contiguous straight lines.  ANSWER Connect all of the sixteen circles shown below, using six contiguous straight lines.  Activity 2 Rearrange so that the triangle points to the left instead of right by moving 3 circles.  ANSWER Rearrange so that the triangle points to the left instead of right by moving 3 circles. Creativity and Innovation In The World EXAMPLE: Designing Competition (Ventilation fan) Brand: Khind Brand: Limax 1 1 2 2 Creativity and Innovation In The World EXAMPLE: Proton History Design 1985 1993 1995 2018 2008 2020 Coming soon ?? 2022 2023 2024 Creativity and Innovation In The World EXAMPLE: Computers 1962 1990 2005 2015 2020 2023 Creativity and Innovation In The World EXAMPLE: Satellite Transmitter Someone thought differently about
expanding the market.…
 OBSERVATION AND OPINIONS ON THE INVENTIONS 1. Income Generating 2. Return on Investment 3. Affordability 4. Energy-Efficient 5. Ergonomics and Safety 6. Portability 7. Ease of Installation and Use 8. Strength and Durability 9. Design for Manufacturing 10. Cultural Acceptability  GATHERING INFORMATION RELATED TO THE PRODUCTION OF THE INVENTIONS 1. Interview 6. Internet 2. Focus group 7. Reading 3. Customer survey 8. Seminar 4. Customer complaint 9. Exhibition 5. Warranty data 10. Competition QOTD