202 FMA 1.docx

Review Test Submission: FMA1 - Wednesday 26th October 2022   User Adama Fullah Course 2022 BSMS202 Neuroscience & Behaviour Test FMA1 - Wednesday 26th October 2022 Started 01/11/22 18:03 Submitted 01/11/22 18:12 Due Date 02/11/22 09:00 Status Completed Attempt Score 29 out of...

Review Test Submission: FMA1 - Wednesday 26th October 2022   User Adama Fullah Course 2022 BSMS202 Neuroscience & Behaviour Test FMA1 - Wednesday 26th October 2022 Started 01/11/22 18:03 Submitted 01/11/22 18:12 Due Date 02/11/22 09:00 Status Completed Attempt Score 29 out of 29 points   Time Elapsed 9 minutes out of 1 hour Instructions Completing the test: •    The test has 29 questions. •    For each question you need to select the single best answer. •    Medical Neuroscience students are not expected to answer the first 3 case studies, questions 1-9, although of course they are welcome to try them. •    The time limit for each attempt at the test is 60 minutes which includes extra time for those students who require it. •    Once the 60 minutes has been reached the test will save and end automatically even if you have not finished answering questions. •    The test does not have a timer on screen. •    If students experience any technical issues, they need to contact the School Office as soon as possible via email ([email protected]) within the time allotted for the test. After the test has finished: •    Once your test has been saved and submitted, you will be able to see your score per question, your submitted answer and the correct answer. This information will be available until 9am on the 2nd November, and will not be accessible past this time. •    There will be no review session for the FMA and you will not be able to review your responses against the correct answers once you close the window, so please make sure to review your test results carefully beforehand.  Results Displayed All Answers, Submitted Answers, Correct Answers, Incorrectly Answered Questions Question 1 1 out of 1 points A 14-year-old boy is hit on the side of the head in the region of the pterion by a cricket ball and becomes unconscious. After a few minutes the boy regains consciousness, but gradually becomes lethargic. On arriving at hospital, a cranial haemorrhage is suspected.  Which vessel is the most likely source of the haemorrhage in this case?  Selected Answer: C.  middle meningeal artery Answers: A.  accessory meningeal artery B.  deep auric artery C.  middle meningeal artery D.  posterior deep temporal artery E.  pterygoid artery Question 2 1 out of 1 points What type of haemorrhage is the most likely consequence of a rupture to the artery (from Question 1) by the cricket ball?  Selected Answer: A.  extradural haemorrhage Answers: A.  extradural haemorrhage B.  intracerebral haemorrhage C.  subdural haemorrhage D.  subarachnoid haemorrhage E.  ventricular haemorrhage Question 3 1 out of 1 points The artery (from Question 1) supplies parts of the cerebral hemispheres. TRUE or FALSE?   Selected Answer: False Answers: True False Question 4 1 out of 1 points The impact at the pterion probably caused a rupture of the blood vessel at that point.  However a fracture near to the region where the artery (from Question 1) enters the skull is also possible.  Which foramen does the artery use to access the cranial cavity? Selected Answer: C.  foramen spinosum Answers: A.  foramen lacerum B.  foramen rotundum C.  foramen spinosum D.  jugular foramen E.  stylomastoid foramen Question 5 1 out of 1 points The foramen (from Question 4) sits within which bone? Selected Answer: D.  sphenoid bone Answers: A.  ethmoid bone B.  maxillary bone C.  parietal bone D.  sphenoid bone E.  temporal bone Question 6 1 out of 1 points Peaches is a 20-day-old female born via a vaginal delivery at term. She has no previous medical history. Her mother has brought her to the Emergency Department as she is refusing the bottle and is not very responsive. You examine Peaches and notice a soft spot just superior and posterior to her ear.  What is this structure called? Selected Answer: B.  mastoid fontanelle Answers: A.  anterior fontanelle B.  mastoid fontanelle C.  occipital fontanelle D.  posterior fontanelle E.  sphenoidal fontanelle Question 7 1 out of 1 points After a thorough examination you suspect that Peaches may have an infection, her anterior fontanelle is bulging and a rash has developed. You ask your consultant for advice and they suspect meningitis. Leptomeningitis is inflammation in which meninges? Selected Answer: B.  arachnoid mater and pia mater Answers: A.  arachnoid mater B.  arachnoid mater and pia mater C.  dura mater D.  dura mater and arachnoid mater E.  pia mater Question 8 1 out of 1 points During a fight outside a nightclub, a man receives a penetrating knife wound that causes significant injury to the left glossopharyngeal nerve. From the following list of symptoms, which one could be the result of a lesion to the glossopharyngeal nerve? Selected Answer: E.  loss of sensation to the left side of the posterior tongue Answers: A.  inability to masticate on the left side B.  inability to use the left sternocleidomastoid muscle C.  loss of lacrimation on the left side D.  loss of sensation on the left side of the face E.  loss of sensation to the left side of the posterior tongue Question 9 1 out of 1 points Given the exit location of the glossopharyngeal nerve from the skull, which of the following cranial nerves could also have been compromised as a result of the injury? Selected Answer: E.  CN X (10) Answers: A.  CN III (3) B.  CN VIII (8) C.  CN VII (7) D.  CN XII (12) E.  CN X (10) Question 10 1 out of 1 points A 25-year-old woman was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis, a disease that causes demyelination in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Her symptoms included muscle weakness, spasticity, impairment of vibratory/position, pain, temperature and touch sensations.  Destruction of which type of cells is MOST LIKELY to cause the impairment of her motor and sensory functions? Selected Answer: C.  oligodendrocytes Answers: A.  astrocytes B.  ependymal cells C.  oligodendrocytes D.  satellite cells E.  Schwann cells Question 11 1 out of 1 points Local anaesthetic drugs exert their action by blocking what type of ionic transport? Selected Answer: D.  Na+ channels Answers: A.  CA2+ channels B.  CI- channels C.  inward rectifier channels D.  Na+ channels E.  Na-K pumps Question 12 1 out of 1 points Which ion transport protein conducts the primary outward current driving rapid REPOLARISATION of the action potential? Selected Answer: C.  delayed rectifier channels Answers: A.  CA2+ channels B.  CI- channels C.  delayed rectifier channels D.  Na+ channels E.  Na-K pumps Question 13 1 out of 1 points When a person is poisoned with tetrodotoxin, which blocks Na+ channels, how will this change the threshold voltage for initiating a neuronal action potential? Selected Answer: B.  always makes threshold voltage more positive Answers: A.  always makes threshold voltage more negative B.  always makes threshold voltage more positive C.  depends on whether the neuron is myelinated  D.  has no effect on threshold, it increases firing frequency E.  has no effect on threshold, it only increases excitability Question 14 1 out of 1 points Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding membrane depolarisation beyond the threshold potential of a neuron? Selected Answer: C.  Na+ flows into the neuron through voltage-gated Na+ channels Answers: A.  energy for influx of Na+ is provided by the Na+ – K+ pump B.  K+ flows into the neuron through voltage-gated K+ channels C.  Na+ flows into the neuron through voltage-gated Na+ channels D.  the chemical gradient of Na+ across the membrane is equalised E.  the membrane potential becomes more negative during that phase Question 15 1 out of 1 points This post mortem brain is an example of what?  Selected Answer: C.  haemorrhagic infarction  Answers: A.  berry aneurysm B.  extradural haemorrage C.  haemorrhagic infarction  D.  malignant glioma  E.  meningioma Question 16 1 out of 1 points A 45-year-old woman presents with vague non-localising symptoms. A CT scan shows a solitary well-circumscribed peripheral mass lesion over the lateral convexity attached to the dura.  Biopsy showed this to be a meningioma. With respect to meningiomas, which one of these is FALSE? Selected Answer: A.  are all benign tumours Answers: A.  are all benign tumours B.  are slow growing lesions C.  CSF obstruction is not common D.  multiple tumours may be seen with Neurofibromatosis Type 2 E.  show greater than 70% 5 years survival Question 17 1 out of 1 points A 60-year-old man presents complaining of a headache which has worsened over several weeks and is worse in the mornings and on coughing. It was suspected that he had raised intracranial pressure. With regards to raised intracranial pressure, which of the following is FALSE? Selected Answer: A.  a lumbar puncture is advised in the initial assessment Answers: A.  a lumbar puncture is advised in the initial assessment B.  is associated with tonsillar herniation of the brain C.  it can cause occulomotor palsy and compression of the posterior cerebral artery D.  may be caused by any space occupying lesion E.  subfalcine herniation may cause compression of the anterior cerebral artery Question 18 1 out of 1 points A 46-year-old, left-handed woman suddenly noted the onset of a severe occipital headache. On lying down, she became violently ill, with nausea and vomiting. She complained of a stiff neck. She was taken immediately to the hospital, where she was noted to be drowsy but to respond appropriately when stimulated. She could move all four extremities with equal facility. Her level of consciousness deteriorated, and she became comatose.  Identify the presumed pathological basis of her problem. Selected Answer: D.  subarachnoid haemorrhage Answers: A.  cerebral abscess B.  degenerative disease C.  meningitis D.  subarachnoid haemorrhage E.  traumatic injury Question 19 1 out of 1 points A 4-year-old, right-handed boy complained of a sore throat, chills and fever. He was put to bed and given paracetamol and fluids. The next morning, he complained of headache and an increasingly stiff neck. His temperature was 40.50C. When evaluated later that afternoon, he was difficult to arouse. He was confused and delirious when stimulated. He held his neck stiff but moved his extremities on command. What is the presumed pathological basis of his problem? Selected Answer: C.  meningitis Answers: A.  childhood epilepsy B.  frontal glioma C.  meningitis D.  subarachnoid haemorrhage E.  subdural haemorrhage Question 20 1 out of 1 points On Friday night in the Emergency Department, a 14-year-old girl is admitted in a confused state and with a severe laceration to her head requiring suturing.  It is clear that she has been drinking alcohol and is admitted overnight for observation.  The following morning she has no recollection of how she injured her head or the surrounding circumstances. Alcohol interferes with which wave pattern essential for hippocampal memory formation? Selected Answer: E.  theta Answers: A.  alpha B.  beta C.  delta D.  K-complex E.  theta Question 21 1 out of 1 points What other drug is known to interfere with the previous wave formation and impair memory formation? Selected Answer: E.  scopolamine Answers: A.  amphetamine B.  morphine C.  nicotine D.  physostigmine E.  scopolamine Question 22 1 out of 1 points Alcohol may also directly interfere with the process of long term potentiation.  Through agonism of which receptor is this likely to occur? Selected Answer: D.  GABAA Answers: A.  AMPA (glutamate) B.  dopamine D1 C.  dopamine D2 D.  GABAA E.  GABAB Question 23 1 out of 1 points In regard to long term potentiation, which of the following ions ACTS as a second messenger? Selected Answer: A.  CA2+ Answers: A.  CA2+ B.  CI- C.  K+ D.  Mg2+ E.  Na+ Question 24 1 out of 1 points Regarding the neurobiology of learning and memory, which of the following is FALSE? Selected Answer: E.  the ion that BLOCKS the NMDA pore is chloride (Cl-) Answers: A.  during long term potentiation (LTP) AMPA receptors are inserted into the postsynaptic membrane  B.  LTP is a molecular mechanism that can explain associative learning C.  nitric oxide activates guanylyl cyclase in the presynaptic neuron D.  phosphorylation of AMPA receptors makes them more efficient E.  the ion that BLOCKS the NMDA pore is chloride (Cl-) Question 25 1 out of 1 points The major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain stem and spinal cord is ________.  Selected Answer: E.  glycine Answers: A.  acetylcholine B.  dopamine C.  GABA D.  glutamate E.  glycine Question 26 1 out of 1 points The NMDA receptor (an ionotropic glutamate receptor) conducts which of these ions? Selected Answer: A.  a mixture of Na+, K+ and Ca2+ (i.e. a non-specific cation channel) Answers: A.  a mixture of Na+, K+ and Ca2+ (i.e. a non-specific cation channel) B.  Ca2+ only C.  K+ only D.  Na+ only E.  none of the above Question 27 1 out of 1 points A man, aged 63, comes to the clinic.  He feels that there is nothing wrong with him but his wife has made him come.  She has noticed that he has been increasingly forgetful and is having trouble finding words and remembering his grandchildren.  Further neurological and cognitive testing suggests to you that the patient may be showing early symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease.    The _______  neurotransmitter system is most commonly seen to degenerate in Alzheimer’s Disease. Selected Answer: A.  acetylcholine Answers: A.  acetylcholine B.  dopamine C.  epinephrine D.  GABA E.  glutamate Question 28 1 out of 1 points Some common drugs used to treat Alzheimer’s Disease act by inhibiting this neurotransmitter’s _________? Selected Answer: A.  breakdown Answers: A.  breakdown B.  production C.  receptor agonist D.  receptor antagonist E.  release Question 29 1 out of 1 points 'Semantic dementia’ refers to which definition? Selected Answer: E.  progressive degeneration of the frontal and lateral temporal lobes that causes loss of memories for facts, including meaning of words Answers: A.  amnesia for events that occur after some disturbance to the brain, such as head injury or certain degenerative brain diseases B.  anterograde amnesia caused by brain damage resulting from chronic alcoholism or malnutrition C.  damage to the frontal cortex that leads to reporting of memories of events that did not take place without the intention to deceive D.  inability to remember a stimulus or an event that lasts for a short time E.  progressive degeneration of the frontal and lateral temporal lobes that causes loss of memories for facts, including meaning of words Tuesday, 1 November 2022 18:12:57 o'clock GMT