Pearson Science Year 9 - 2nd Edition PDF

PEARSON science S.B. 2ND EDITION RALI ST AU AN CU M RR ICUL U Pearson Australia (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd) 707 Collins Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3008 PO Box 23360, Melb...

PEARSON science S.B. 2ND EDITION RALI ST AU AN CU M RR ICUL U Pearson Australia (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd) 707 Collins Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3008 PO Box 23360, Melbourne, Victoria 8012 www.pearson.com.au Copyright © Pearson Australia 2017 (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd) First published 2016 by Pearson Australia 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Reproduction and communication for educational purposes The Australian Copyright Act 1968 (the Act) allows a maximum of one chapter or 10% of the pages of this work, whichever is the greater, to be reproduced and/or communicated by any educational institution for its educational purposes provided that that educational institution (or the body that administers it) has given a remuneration notice to Copyright Agency Limited (CAL) under the Act. For details of the CAL licence for educational institutions contact Copyright Agency Limited (www.copyright.com.au). Reproduction and communication for other purposes Except as permitted under the Act (for example any fair dealing for the purposes of study, research, criticism or review), no part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, communicated or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written permission. All enquiries should be made to the publisher at the address above. This book is not to be treated as a blackline master; that is, any photocopying beyond fair dealing requires prior written permission. Publisher: Alicia Brown Development Editors: Zoe Hamilton, Antonietta Anello Project Manager: Shelly Wang Production Manager: Elizabeth Gosman Editors: Marcia Bascombe, Aptara Proof Reader: Marcia Bascombe Index: Brett Lockwood Designer: Anne Donald Copyright & Pictures Editor: Sian Human Desktop Operators: Lauren Statham, Ben Galpin, Aptara Illustrator: DiacriTech Printed in Australia National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry (paperback) Creator: Rickard, Greg, author. Title: Pearson science SB9 / Greg Rickard [and fourteen others] Edition: 2nd Edition. ISBN: 9781488615115 (ebook : epub) Series: Pearson science SB ; 9. Notes: Includes index. Target Audience: For secondary school age. Subjects: Science—Study and teaching (Secondary) Science—Textbooks. Dewey Number: 500 Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd ABN 40 004 245 943 9781488615030 (with eBook) 9781488699450 Disclaimer/s The selection of internet addresses (URLs) provided for this book/resource was valid at the time of publication and was chosen as being appropriate for use as a secondary education research tool. However, due to the dynamic nature of the internet, some addresses may have changed, may have ceased to exist since publication, or may inadvertently link to sites with content that could be considered offensive or inappropriate. While the authors and publisher regret any inconvenience this may cause readers, no responsibility for any such changes or unforeseeable errors can be accepted by either the authors or the publisher. Some of the images used in Pearson Science might have associations with deceased Indigenous Australians. Please be aware that these images might cause sadness or distress in Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander communities. Practical activities: All practical activities, including the illustrations, are provided as a guide only and the accuracy of such information cannot be guaranteed. Teachers must assess the appropriateness of an activity and take into account the experience of their students and facilities available. Additionally, all practical activities should be trialled before they are attempted with students and a risk assessment must be completed. All care should be taken and appropriate protective clothing and equipment should be worn when carrying out any practical activity. Although all practical activities have been written with safety in mind, Pearson Australia and the authors do not accept any responsibility for the information contained in or relating to the practical activities, and are not liable for any loss and/or injury arising from or sustained as a result of conducting any of the practical activities described in this book. ii PEARSON SCIENCE 9 2ND EDITION PEARSON Australian Curriculum RALI ST AU AN Writing and Development Team CU M RR ICUL U Anna Bennett Greg Linstead Greg Rickard Differentiation Consultant, Victoria Former Head of Science, Education Teacher, Former Head of Science Ian Bentley Department of WA Curriculum Coordinating Author, Former Head of Science, VCE exam Writer, Author, Victoria and trial exam writer Western Australia Lana Salfinger STEM investigation developer, Bryony Lowe Teacher, Head of Science, IB Victoria Director of Numeracy Improvement. Workshop leader in MYP Sciences Christina Bliss Former Head of Science and Region Author, Teacher, VCE assessor Biology Teaching & Learning Coach Western Australia Author and question writer, Author and reviewer, Maggie Spenceley Victoria Victoria Former Teacher, Curriculum Writer Donna Chapman David Madden Queensland Studies Authority Science Laboratory Technician Science Learning Area Manager at Author, Safety consultant, Victoria QCAA, Former Head of Science, Queensland Author and reviewer, Jim Sturgiss Dr Warrick Clarke Queensland Curriculum Writer, Science Teacher, Former Coordinating Communicator and Australian Post- Fran Maher analyst (NSW Department of Doctoral Research Fellow at UNSW Bioscience educator, Science teacher Education) reporting NAPLAN, Author, NSW Formerly a bioscience researcher Senior test designer for Essential Author, Secondary Science Assessment Jacinta Devlin Victoria (ESSA) Author Thinking Science and senior Physics Teacher Scientifically questions, Rochelle Manners Coordinating Author, New South Wales Science and mathematics teacher. Victoria Co-ordinating author Teacher Craig Tilley Julia Ferguson Companion, STAV Trial Exam Coordinator, Author and reviewer Queensland VCAA Exam Assessor Education Officer, Shirley Melissas Author and exam-style question Earth Science Western Australia, Teacher Librarian and Author, writer, Western Australia Development Editor, Victoria Bob Hoogendoorn Victoria Jo Watkins Exam-style question writer Tamsin Moore Chief Executive Officer, Earth VCAA Exam Assessor, Chemistry Science and senior Psychology Science Western Australia, Former senior Chemistry teacher, teacher, Author Author and reviewer, Victoria Western Australia Western Australia Penny Lee Natalie Nejad Dr Trish Weekes Science Laboratory Technician Head of Science, Science and Science Literacy Consultant, Safety consultant, Victoria mathematics teacher New South Wales Louise Lennard STEM investigation developer, Rebecca Wood Head of Science. Former Industrial Victoria Science educator and tutor, scientist, Author and STEM Malcolm Parsons Author, investigation developer, Education consultant, former teacher Victoria Victoria Author, Victoria PEARSON SCIENCE 9 2ND EDITION iii Table of Contents How to use this book vii 3 Reaction types 75 Acknowledgements xiii 3.1 Combustion and corrosion reactions 76 1 Scientific inquiry skills 1 Review questions 83 1.1 Planning investigations 2 Practical investigations 84 Review questions 6 3.2 Acid reactions 87 Practical investigations 8 Science as a human endeavour 91 1.2 Risks, working safely and ethics 9 Review questions 93 Working with science 14 Practical investigations 94 Review questions 15 3.3 Reactions of life 97 Practical investigations 16 Review questions 102 1.3 Conducting investigations 17 Practical investigations 103 Review questions 22 3.4 Nuclear reactions 107 Practical investigations 23 Working with science 114 1.4 Presenting and evaluating data 25 Science as a human endeavour 115 Review questions 32 Review questions 117 Practical investigations 33 Practical investigations 118 Chapter review 34 Chapter review 119 Research questions 36 Research questions 120 Thinking scientifically questions 37 Thinking scientifically questions 120 Glossary 38 Glossary 122 2 Materials 39 4 Heat, sound and light 124 2.1 Atoms 40 4.1 Heat 125 Science as a human endeavour 46 Review questions 132 Review questions 48 Practical investigations 134 Practical investigations 50 4.2 Sound 137 2.2 Metals, non-metals and metalloids 52 Working with science 142 Working with science 56 Review questions 143 Science as a human endeavour 59 Practical investigations 145 Review questions 60 4.3 Light 149 Practical investigations 61 Review questions 157 2.3 Acids and bases 64 Practical investigations 159 Review questions 69 4.4 Hearing and seeing 163 Practical investigations 70 Science as a human endeavour 168 Chapter review 72 Review questions 170 Research questions 73 Practical investigations 172 Thinking scientifically questions 73 Chapter review 173 Glossary 74 Research questions 174 Thinking scientifically questions 175 Glossary 177 iv PEARSON SCIENCE 9 2ND EDITION  5 Electromagnetic radiation 178 7 Body coordination 268 5.1 Waves 179 7.1 Coordinated body systems 269 Review questions 185 Science as a human endeavour 275 Practical investigations 187 Review questions 276 5.2 The visible spectrum 189 Practical investigations 277 Review questions 195 7.2 Nervous control 279 Practical investigations 196 Working with science 286 5.3 Low-frequency radiation 198 Science as a human endeavour 287 Working with science 204 Review questions 289 Science as a human endeavour 205 Practical investigations 290 Review questions 206 7.3 Chemical control 293 Practical investigations 207 Review questions 298 5.4 High-frequency radiation 208 Practical investigations 299 Science as a human endeavour 212 Chapter review 300 Review questions 213 Research questions 301 Practical investigations 214 Thinking scientifically questions 302 Chapter review 215 Glossary 303 Research questions 216 8 Disease 305 Thinking scientifically questions 217 Glossary 218 8.1 Infectious disease 306 Science as a human endeavour 312 6 Electricity 219 Review questions 313 6.1 Simple circuits 220 Practical investigations 314 Review questions 223 8.2 Other sources of infection 317 Practical investigations 225 Science as a human endeavour 323 6.2 Measuring electricity 227 Review questions 325 Working with science 232 Practical investigations 326 Review questions 233 8.3 Environmental diseases 328 Practical investigations 235 Working with science 335 6.3 Practical circuits 238 Science as a human endeavour 336 Science as a human endeavour 243 Review questions 338 Review questions 245 Practical investigations 339 Practical investigations 247 Chapter review 342 6.4 Electromagnets, motors and generators 251 Research questions 343 Science as a human endeavour 259 Thinking scientifically questions 345 Review questions 261 Glossary 346 Practical investigations 262 Key Chapter review 264 Research questions 265 Science Inquiry Skills Thinking scientifically questions 266 Biological sciences Glossary 267 Chemical sciences Physical sciences Earth and space sciences PEARSON SCIENCE 9 2ND EDITION v  9 Ecosystems 347 11 Psychology Step-up 431 9.1 Components of an ecosystem 348 Review questions 356 11.1 What is Psychology? 432 Practical investigations 358 Working with science 435 Science in action 437 9.2 Sustainability 360 Summary of the key learnings 439 Working with science 367 Review questions 439 Science as a human endeavour 368 Practical investigations 440 Review questions 369 Practical investigations 371 11.2 The brain and cognition 441 Summary of the key learnings 449 9.3 Natural and human impacts 375 Review questions 449 Science as a human endeavour 381 Practical investigations 450 Review questions 383 Practical investigations 384 11.3 The social self 451 Summary of the key learnings 456 Chapter review 387 Review questions 456 Research questions 388 Practical investigations 457 Thinking scientifically questions 388 Chapter review 458 Glossary 390 Research questions 459 10 Plate tectonics 391 Thinking scientifically questions 459 10.1 Moving continents 392 Exam-style questions 460 Science as a human endeavour 399 Glossary 461 Review questions 400 Practical investigations 401 Go to your eBook to access this 10.2 Plate movements 403 STEP UP chapter as well as: Science as a human endeavour 410 Activity Book worksheets Review questions 411 Practical investigations 412 Answers 10.3 Volcanoes and earthquakes 414 Teacher support notes Working with science 417 Science as a human endeavour 422 Review questions 424 Practical investigations 425 Chapter review 427 Research questions 428 Index 463 Thinking scientifically questions 429 Glossary 430 Key Science Inquiry Skills Biological sciences Chemical sciences Physical sciences Earth and space sciences vi PEARSON SCIENCE 9 2ND EDITION How to use this book STUDENT BOOK Pearson Science 2nd edition has been updated to fully address all strands of the new Australian Curriculum: Science which has been adopted throughout the nation. Since some states have tailored the Australian Curriculum slightly for their An integrated and own particular students, the coverage of the new Victorian Curriculum: Science research-based approach is also captured in this new edition. We address inclusion by clearly indicating to science education, the additional content which enables flexibility to determine the approach, as which ensures every well as the added bonus of an option to engage with extension and revision opportunities. student has engaging, All aspects of the student books have been thoroughly reviewed by our Literacy supportive and Consultant Dr Trish Weekes and the result is more accessible content, challenging opportunities. enhanced scaffolding and strengthened question and instructions sets. The design is updated to improve the readability and navigation of the text. In this edition, we retain a flexible approach to teaching and learning. A careful mix of inquiry, STEM and a range of practical investigations, along with fully updated content reflect the dynamic and ever-changing nature of scientific knowledge and developments. Combined with the improved and enhanced sets of questions, this series provides a rich assortment of choice, supporting a differentiated approach. MODULE Electromagnetic 5.2 5.? Be set 5 The visible spectrum CHAPTER radiation The visible spectrum is the rainbow of colours that The chapter opening page sets a context for the combine to form white light. Have you ever wondered... Visible light is just a small band of the frequencies that why objects appear different colours? chapter, engaging students through questions make up the electromagnetic how heat gets from the Sun through spectrum. This is the band of empty space? electromagnetic radiation that that get them thinking about the content and how night-vision goggles work? LightbookStarter our eyes can detect. how your radio works? LS LS concepts to come. The chapter learning outcomes science 4 fun are provided in student friendly language and give Polarisation Colour What happens when you put polarising filters together? In 1666, the English scientist Isaac Newton (1642–1727) passed a narrow beam of light through transparency and direction for the chapter. Each Collect this … a glass prism. As the light exited the prism, Newton two pairs of polarised sunglasses or could see the colours of the rainbow, as shown in polarised 3D movie glasses Figure 5.2.1. Newton realised that white light consists Do this … of all of the colours of the visible spectrum. He listed chapter is divided into self-contained modules. The 1 Wear one of the pairs of glasses. the colours making up this spectrum as red, orange, 2 Hold the other pair of glasses in front of you yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet. When all the so that you can see through a window or to After completing this chapter you should be able to: a bright object. colours shine at once, they produce white light. 3 Rotate the pair of glasses that you are module opening page includes an introduction identify situations where waves transfer energy through different mediums holding through 90 degrees, i.e. as if the person wearing them was lying on their use the wave model to explain different phenomena such as light side. describe the properties of waves in terms of the wavelength, frequency 4 Rotate the pair of glasses that you are that places the material to come in a meaningful and speed holding through another 90 degrees, i.e. as describe how electromagnetic radiation is used in radar, medicine, mobile if the person wearing them was standing Red light is always on their head. bent the least. phone communications, and microwave cooking investigate how electromagnetic radiation is used in the detection and 5 If possible, repeat the experiment using combinations of sunglasses and 3D movie context. treatment of cancer glasses. outline how new mobile communication technologies rely on electromagnetic radiation Record this … 1 Describe what happened. describe how science, engineering and technology are used in Violet light is always telecommunication careers. 2 Explain why you think this happened. bent the most. This is an extract from the Australian Curriculum AB 5.1 Victorian Curriculum F–10 © VCAA (2016); reproduced by permission FIGURE 5.2.1 When white light passes through a prism, each individual frequency of light is refracted (bent) by a slightly different amount. 178 CHAPTER 5 ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION 189 PS_9_SB_2E_05.indd 178 10/24/16 10:13 PM PS_9_SB_2E_05.indd 189 10/24/16 10:13 PM Each colour of light is a wave with a different Objects that are viewed under different coloured lights SciFile Be interested wavelength and frequency. These are shown in may look quite different from when they are viewed Figure 5.2.2. The wavelengths of visible light are under white light. For example, compare the four extremely small, ranging from violet light with candles in Figure 5.2.4 viewed under white light and Colour-blindness wavelengths around 400 nm (nanometres), through then red light. Your eyes have three to red light with wavelengths around 700 nm. types of cells that can To get an idea of how small this is, consider that detect colour. These 1 nm (nanometre) = 0.000 000 009 m = 1.0 × 10–9 m. In white light blue cells called cones. Stunning and relevant photos and illustrations This means that the wavelengths of visible light are Each type of cone magenta cyan white cell is sensitive to less than one-thousandth of a millimetre long, or about red yellow green one of the three one-hundredth the width of a human hair. primary colours— red, blue or green. are purposefully selected to build understanding Wavelength (nm) FIGURE 5.2.5 400 500 600 700 Red + blue light = magenta light Combinations of Red + green light = yellow light signals from these Blue + green light = cyan light cells give a full-colour Red + blue + green light = white light view of the world. About FIGURE 5.2.7 A person 4.3 × 1014 of the text. Students know when and how they 7.5 6.0 5.0 with normal vision will 4% of people are born Frequency (Hz) see a particular number with colour-blindness Colour filters because their cone cells in this test. What FIGURE 5.2.2 Visible light is a very small portion of the The white The blue, green and red candles A red apple absorbs all colours of the visible spectrum number can you see? complete electromagnetic spectrum. It is the only part of the candle reflects absorb all colours except the colour do not work properly. spectrum that is visible to our eyes all colours. they are (blue, green and red) except red light. Similarly, a red piece of cellophane should engage with artwork as each image is Seeing in colour Some apples are red, while others are green. This In red light absorbs all colours except red light, which passes straight through. The cellophane acts as a colour filter. A colour filter only allows light of its particular colour Prac 1 p. 196 Prac 2 p. 197 clearly referenced from within the text to develop to pass through (to be transmitted). Figure 5.2.6 shows is because pigments on the surface of the apples Colour printing the way some combinations of light are transmitted or determine their colour. Under white light, the apple absorbed by a filter. Coloured filters are used widely When all the colours of light are added together, white in Figure 5.2.3 looks red because it reflects red light in photography and the theatre to provide a range of light is produced. However, if you mixed every colour of paint pigment, then the final mixture would look dark understanding. Captions for every artwork, along towards your eyes and absorbs orange, yellow, green, lighting effects. blue, indigo and violet light. In reality, the red apple and murky. As more paint pigments are added, more may reflect a little orange light as well, but this just Red filter absorbs Green filter absorbs the red colours are absorbed rather than reflected. This type of affects the shade of red that you see. In the same way, everything but red. light, so no light gets through. colour combination is called subtractive colour mixing. with labels for more difficult images, build further a blue shirt reflects blue light (and probably a little The three subtractive primary colours are cyan, green and violet) and absorbs all other colours of light. red magenta and yellow. Figure 5.2.8 shows how these white light A white car reflects most of the light and radiant heat The white candle and The blue and green candles three colours can produce all other colours. nothing that hits it. In comparison, a black car reflects very the red candle reflect absorb most of the red light blue red light and look red. and appear almost black. meaning and understanding. little light or radiant heat. Most of this radiant heat and light is absorbed. As a result, a black car heats up more green FIGURE 5.2.4 Coloured candles look very different under rapidly than a white car on a fine day. blue and green red absorbed different-coloured lights. absorbed white light Yellow filter lets the red and green Red filter absorbs the green, allowing only cyan magenta yellow red light Primary colours pass through because yellow light is made up of red and green light. the red light through. White light can be produced by shining all colours together. White light can also be made by using red only red light white light just three colours of the spectrum—red, green and blue. For this reason, these are called the primary blue blue red apple black colours of the spectrum. When you combine light green of the primary colours in pairs, the three secondary green colours—magenta, cyan and yellow—are produced. blue absorbed green absorbed FIGURE 5.2.8 Combinations of the three subtractive colours, FIGURE 5.2.3 A red apple reflects red light and absorbs the These combinations are shown in Figure 5.2.5. FIGURE 5.2.6 Different coloured filters absorb different cyan, magenta and yellow, can produce every colour of the other six colours of the visible spectrum. colours, and so they affect what you see. spectrum. 190 PEARSON SCIENCE 9 2ND EDITION CHAPTER 5 ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION 191 PS_9_SB_2E_05.indd 190 10/24/16 10:13 PM PS_9_SB_2E_05.indd 191 10/24/16 10:13 PM PEARSON SCIENCE 9 2ND EDITION vii  How to use this book continued MODULE STEM 4 fun SciFile 5.1 Waves Be inventive Coloured apples PROBLEM Help a colour-blind person choose the a red, yellow or green apple. Full colour? Televisions, video cameras, computers and mobile phones are just some of the devices that use an RGB (red, green, blue) colour model. Their displays consist of many tiny pixels of red, green and blue filters (for LCD screens) or phosphors Be inquiring Sound, light and the heat radiating from a fire transmit their energy via waves. Waves in the sea carry energy with them, as do the waves The STEM4fun Science4fun are SUPPLIES (for plasma screens). Combinations of the red, that shake the land in an earthquake. The Sun green and blue light create the full colour display coloured cards, coloured cellophane (or that you see. and the stars radiate radio waves, microwaves coloured filters from a ray box kit), possibly polaroid sheets and waves of visible light, infrared radiation, activities are simple inquiry based activities. internet research ultraviolet light, X-rays and gamma rays. PLAN AND DESIGN Design the solution, what These different forms of radiation are called information do you need to solve the problem? Draw a diagram. Make a list of materials you electromagnetic radiation, and together form the STEM-based They pre-empt the will need and steps you will take. electromagnetic spectrum. CREATE Follow your plan. Create your solution to the problem. science 4 fun IMPROVE What works? What doesn’t? How applications. Students theory and get students do you know it solves the problem? What could work better? Modify your design to make it better. Test it out. full colour photograph REFLECTION or electronic image file Playing with water waves are given an open- to engage with the 1 What area of STEM did you work in today? What do water waves look like? 2 What field of science did you work in? Collect this … Are there other fields where this activity straw applies? colour separations used to make printing plates large bowl half full of water ended problem and concepts through a 3 What did you do today that worked well? What didn’t work well? Do this … hand 1 Suck some water from the bowl up into the straw. 2 Quickly take your mouth off the straw and put your thumb on the end of it to keep some of the water asked to create, design simple activity that trapped inside the straw. Figure 5.2.9 illustrates the way colour printing 3 Release a small amount of water from the straw by operates. Note that in addition to the three subtractive C M Y K briefly lifting your finger from the end of it. Practice primary colours, black ink is also used in the printing this until you can release the water one droplet a or improve something. sets students up to printing time. Refill the straw as needed. straw process to increase the contrast of the printed image. 4 Wait until the surface of the water in the bowl is still Polarisation of light and clear of ripples. Release one droplet of water into Light is a transverse electromagnetic wave. Unlike a the bowl. printed page These problems ‘discover’ the science water wave which can only move up and down, a light 5 Release a series of droplets at a constant rate, i.e. droplet with the same time between each. wave can vibrate in any direction that is perpendicular FIGURE 5.2.9 Colour printers produce a full spectrum of 6 Vary the rate of droplets by increasing and decreasing (at right angles) to the direction of the wave. This printed colour by using only four inks: cyan, yellow, magenta the time between each droplet. means that the light has been polarised. and black. bowl require students before they learn about Record this … 1 Describe the wave patterns formed and how the patterns changed as you changed the rate at which droplets were released. 2 Explain why you think the wave patterns changed. to draw on their it. Broadly speaking, 192 179 acquired knowledge they encourage PEARSON SCIENCE 9 2ND EDITION CHAPTER 5 ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION PS_9_SB_2E_05.indd 192 10/24/16 10:13 PM PS_9_SB_2E_05.indd 179 10/24/16 10:13 PM and skills, but are more about the process than the students to think about what happens actual solution. in the world and how science explains this. The internet In regions further away from a wireless network that is SCIENCE AS A HUMAN ENDEAVOUR connected to the internet, the wi-fi device cannot pick Be inspired Be amazed Using the internet, you can connect with people around the world in an instant. Documents that used up a signal. In such cases, wi-fi is not an alternative to Use and influence of science an internet system that operates using coaxial cable or to take days to reach a destination can be downloaded Human energy powers optical fibres. in seconds. A router is a device that manages the connection between your computer and your internet server. It is this device that is responsible for making sure your message reaches where it is meant to go. medical devices Working with science Data to be sent as a downloaded file or email is first split into a ‘packet’ made up of about 1500 bytes (each byte is a group of eight binary digits). These packets then Working with Science BROADCAST ENGINEER The Science as a Your body is constantly in motion, even career profiles cast travel over a ‘packet-switching network’ in which each Human Endeavour when you are individual packet is directed along the best pathway for it Natalie Baidy not aware of it; to reach its destination. Broadcast engineers your heart, your a spotlight on the strand is addressed behind the scenes, lungs expanding Scifile making sure that you can receive clear radio and and contracting, and muscles A nibble, a bit or a byte? television signals. Natalie Baidy is a broadcast FIGURE 5.3.14 Natalie twitching. diversity of career throughout the A ‘byte’ is a series of eight binary digits. Each engineer who works for Baidy works for the ABC digit (which can either be a 0 or a 1) is called a the ABC (Figure 5.3.14). as a broadcast engineer. ‘bit’. Sometimes, a series of four binary digits is Her job involves looking called a ‘nibble’ (half a byte). after the television and radio networks An 8-digit decimal number can have 100 milllion FIGURE 5.4.8 Dr Canan Dagdeviren has designed electronic opportunities available modules as well as in across Australia, studio feeds and remote different values (i.e. between 0 and 99 999 999) devices that use piezoelectric materials to convert the broadcasts. She does a lot of technical work and movement of our bodies into electricity. FIGURE 5.4.9 Dr Dagdeviren’s skin sensor is made from because 108 = 100 000 000. Similarly, each troubleshooting to ensure that transmissions are stretchable materials and can be worn to detect early signs digital byte can be decoded into a number maintained or quickly restored when there are Scientist Canan Dagdeviren (Figure 5.4.8) has of skin cancer. She has also developed devices that can be between 0 and 255 since 28 = 256. network failures. Usually system changes are worn inside the body and are capable of converting energy through science with a spreads. Many of the done in the middle of the night, when there are designed small electronic devices tha