Ob/Gyn I Final Exam Review 2023 PDF

Ob/Gyn I final exam review Pelvis 2  Bony Pelvis 4 bones Two innominate (coxae) Sacrum Coccyx Divided into two continuous compartments (true and false pelvis) True pelvis is considered the pelvic cavity True pelvis ...

Ob/Gyn I final exam review Pelvis 2  Bony Pelvis 4 bones Two innominate (coxae) Sacrum Coccyx Divided into two continuous compartments (true and false pelvis) True pelvis is considered the pelvic cavity True pelvis  Pelvic Muscles Levator Ani Obutrator Levator Ani 5  Pelvic Ligaments Infundibulopelvic ligament (suspensory ligament of the ovary) ⬤Extends from infundibulum and lateral aspect of the ovary to lateral pelvic wall Ovarian ligament ⬤Supports medial aspect of ovary to uterine cornua 6 Uterus 7  7 Uterus 6 5 4 3 2 1 8 8 Fallopian Tubes 9 Uterus 10  Uterine Positions Anteverted: fundus and body bent forward toward cervix. The degree of anteversion depends on bladder distension. Anteflexed: fundus tilted forward Retroverted: entire uterus tilted posteriorly Retroflexed: fundus and body bent backward towards cervix most common position;. 11  Uterine Positions Anteverted Retroverted 12 Retroflexed Uterus Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 13 Uterine Vasculature Spiral Arteries Radial arteries Arcuate Arteries  Normal endometrium Periovulatory phase showing the echogenicity of the basal luteal/secretory phase layer of endometrium has showing thickened extended to the midline echo uniform echogenicity.  Normal endometrium follicular/proliferative phase Menstrual phase showing the showing a trilaminar endometrium as a thin line appearance of the endometrium Uterus Uterus Fibroids 19 Transvaginal  Cervical Cancer Second most common GYN malignancy 20-30 years of age Dx via pap Sonographic findings: Normal appearance early stage Enlarged cervix May resemble cervical myoma Involvement of other pelvic organs 21  Adenomyosis Benign Diffuse or focal Global infiltration of endometrium presents as bulky enlarged uterus without focal mass Adenomyosis is ectopic occurrence of endometrial tissue within myometrium; more common in posterior aspect 22 Adenomyosis Endometrial Polyp Copyright © 2012, 2006, 2001, 1995, 25 1989, 1983, 1978 by Mosby, an impr  Endometrial Carcinoma Has strong association with replacement estrogen therapy In premenopausal woman, anovulatory cycles and obesity also considered risk factors Earliest change of endometrial carcinoma is thickened endometrium Abnormally thick endometrium also associated with endometrial hypertrophy and polyps Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 26 27  Ovaries Copyright © 2012, 2006, 2001, 1995, 28 1989, 1983, 1978 by Mosby, an impr Ovarian Landmark What is an easy way to find the ovaries when scanning?  Ovarian Cycle/Hormones Secrete Estrogen and Progesterone estrogen secreted by follicles progesterone secreted by corpus luteum Follicular Phase FSH to produce follicles Luteal Phase Lutenizing Hormone increased to ovulation Corpus Luteum Secreting Progesterone Endometrial/Follicular Phases , 31  Ovarian Vasculature ⬤Uterine artery: ⮚ Branch of internal iliac artery that supplies blood to reproductive organs of the pelvis ⬤Ovarian artery: ⮚ Right and left ovarian arteries branch off abdominal aorta at level inferior to renal artery branches 32  Ovarian Cysts Functional Ovarian Cysts: Follicular: Follicle fails to rupture, usually unilateral Corpus Luteum Hemorrhagic Theca-Lutein: seen during pregnancy- too much HCG What type of functional cyst is this?  Functional Ovarian Cysts Functional cysts result from normal function of ovary. Most common cause of ovarian enlargement in young women Functional cysts include follicular, corpus luteum, hemorrhagic, theca-lutein cysts Most cysts measure