The Origin Of Man PDF

THE ORIGIN OF MAN THE ASCENT OF MAN SSE 216 –WORLD HISTORY 4 different stages of life 1. Hominid 2. Homo Habilis 3. Homo Erectus 4. Homo Sapiens The Origin of Life The religious story of Creation The scientific Theory of Evolution THE CRADLE OF MANK...

THE ORIGIN OF MAN THE ASCENT OF MAN SSE 216 –WORLD HISTORY 4 different stages of life 1. Hominid 2. Homo Habilis 3. Homo Erectus 4. Homo Sapiens The Origin of Life The religious story of Creation The scientific Theory of Evolution THE CRADLE OF MANKIND  1. HOMINID “the missing link” -about million years ago, a more advanced primate developed manlike characteristics. Ramapithecus -remains of the hominid have been found in the Siwalik Hills of India and in places in Africa. He could stand up right, had a jaw and could pick up stones and sticks to frighten his enemies.  “Lucy” a whole skeleton of a teenage girl was discovered by American archaeologist Donald C. Johansonn in 1974 in Ethiopia. She was 3-1/2 feet tall, with a head as large as a softball and walked erect. She is said to be 3.5 million years old and was named after the Beatles song, “ Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds”  Australopithecus Lived in eastern and southern Africa His brain was as small as a modern ape’s head, but he walked straight and used simple tools (bones or sharp stones?). 2. HOMO HABILIS “Handy Man” Stone tools were invented by an ancestral man named ‘Homo Habilis’, “Handy Man” about 2 million years ago. This marked a new stage in man’s evolution. Zinjanthropus- “East African Man” – skull and part of a bone. -believed to be about 1.75 million years old, he was about 4 feet tall, walked upright, and had a smaller brain.  “1470 Man or Lake Turkana Man” His relics consisted of a shattered skull and some leg bones, which were excavated in 1972 at Lake Turkana, Kenya, East Africa by Dr. Richard Leakey. He is about 2 million years old, walked upright, was about 5 feet tall, and had a brain double the size of a chimpanzee’s brain.  Homo Erectus “Upright Man” Homo erectus was the first really manlike creature because he walked straight, used fire, made stone weapons, and hunted large animals. Java Man Peking Man Pithecanthropus Erectus Sinanthropus Pekinesis Had a heavy chinless jaw, a Knew how to use fire and make hairy body and a large brain like stonehunting tools. human Homo Sapien “the wise man” Our ancestors evolved into modern humans. They are muscular and erect, with a large protruding face and a low forehead. -They lived in small groups of families as hunters and cave or tent dwellers. Best known types of Homo sapien, “Wise man” were the following: a.Neanderthal Man – he was intelligent and developed the first religious ideas. b.Cro- Magnon Man- He wore animal skins sewed with boned needles and made fire by rubbing two dry pieces of sticks. He was a mighty hunter and a skilled artist.  THE RACES OF MANKIND All men today belong to the family Homo Sapien (Wised man). However, they are divided by anthropologists into races because of their variations in skin color, form of hair, and other physical features caused by environment factors, such as climate, soil, and geographical location. MESOPOTAMIA means “LAND BETWEEN TWO RIVERS” (cradle of civilization) -now IRAQ SUMERIANS, FIRST BUILDERS OF CIVILIZATION They cultivated the fertile land and tamed the floods of the twin rivers by constructing canals and dikes as drainage. Inventions: plow, wheel, cuneiform (cuneus, meaning wedge “wedge” and forma, “ form”. - They wrote the world’s first law codes promulgated by Ur-nammu, Sumerian King of the city state. First people to mix copper and tin, thereby producing bronze.  Nippur, oldest known city map in the world  They were the first people to use bronze weapons in war and to make bronze ornamentals and tools for everyday use.  Akkadian Empire World’s First Empire King Sargon of Akkad conquered the Sumerian city-states. Sargons extended his conquests beyond Sumer’s borders, eastward to the Persian Gulf and westward to the Mediterranean sea. His empire lasted for about 2 centuries.  The Babylonian Empire semitic people from Syria who invaded Mesopotamia Hammurabi proved to be the mighty conqueror. During his time Babylonia attained the peak of splendor. He fostered trade with Palestine, Phoenicia and other countries.  “an eye for an eye” “a life for a life” The Hammurabi Code was inscribed on a black stone eight feet high. It consists of 285 laws pertaining to family relations, property rights, marriage, divorce, adoption of children, labor, commerce and crimes.  Society and Social Classes NOBLES (Kings, aristocrats, The woman occupied a priests and rich high position in Babylonian landlords society. They could inherit and own property, engage in business and receive an FREEMEN education. (Farmers, merchants, soldiers, and artisans) SLAVES  The Rise of Assyria They revolutionized the art of warfare. Tiglath Pileser I – founded the Assyrian Empire They used iron weapons and chariots to become the best hunters and warriors in ancient Asia. They began decline during the reign of Ashurbanipal. He hated war and loved peace.  Rise and Fall of Chaldea From the ruins of the Assyrian Empire rose the Chaldean Empire, also known as the Second Babylonian Empire. The crowning glory of Babylon was the fabulous Hanging Gardens, one of the wonders of the Ancient World. It was built by Nebuchadnezzar to please his favorite wife. The Chaldean Empire reached the height of its grandeur during the reign of Nebuchadnezzar. Other Ancient Nations in Asia Hittites, First Nation to Use Iron Horse-drawn chariots Warlike people of Indo- European history They settled in Asia Minor, (now Anatolia, Turkey). They defeated the invading forces of Pharaoh Rameses in the Battle of Kadesh. Use of iron in making tools and weapons The Phoenicians “Greatest Sailors” The name “Phoenicia” comes from phoenix, the name of a famous purple dye extracted from a special variety of shellfish. The nearby sea sea and poor soil of their country forced the Phoenicians to seek their livelihood from the sea. They built seagoing ships out of the famous cedar trees of Lebanon’s mountains and sailed out to overseas lands.  The greatest contribution of Phoenicians was the invention of alphabet. They were the first to use alphabet writing. Their alphabet contained 24 letters, all consonant. The first two words are aleph (ox) and beth (house). The Greeks simply improved the Phoenician Alphabet by adding the vowels. Thus, the Phoenician aleph and beth became apha and beta. The Jews also called Hebrews pastoral Semitic people who originally lived in the Arabian Desert and later migrated to Mesopotamia. Pharaoh Rameses II conquered Palestine and carried them off into captivity and slavery in Egypt. Moses led them out of Egypt across the Red Sea to the wilderness of the Sinai Peninsula.  Although, Jews were the chosen people of God, they worshipped other Gods. God allowed the Jews to be conquered and taken as hostages by other kingdoms. Emperor Titus of the Roman Empire slaughtered more than 1 million Jews and drove the rest into exile. Jewish Contributions to Civilization The Jews developed modern banking and lending of money for business.  The Persians Cyrus the Great conquered Mesopotamia and Egypt. He founded a dynasty called Achaemenid. Persia attained his Golden Age during the time of his successor Darius I “King of Kings.” Darius I the empire into 20 provinces called satrapies, each governed by a local governor called satrap. He introduced coinage to facilitate business. The standard gold coin was called daric, in honor of Darius. After the death of Darius I, he was succeeded by weak monarchs so that Persia’s glory and power declined. -a religion based on the belief that life is a constant struggle between good and evil. Court Etiquette – followed by royal courts in the present day. The most controversial and complex issue (war) today!  What potential solutions could help resolve the Israeli-Palestinian conflict?