The Circulatory System PDF

The Circulatory System Tr. Anna Marie L. Bonsadan Circulatory System/Cardiovascular Responsible fro distributing nutrients, oxygen, and other essential substances to all parts of the body.  Heart Hollow muscular organ about the size of a clenched fist. It is located behind ste...

The Circulatory System Tr. Anna Marie L. Bonsadan Circulatory System/Cardiovascular Responsible fro distributing nutrients, oxygen, and other essential substances to all parts of the body.  Heart Hollow muscular organ about the size of a clenched fist. It is located behind sternum and between lungs. Average person’s life, the heart beats at least 2400 million times and pumps more than 500 million liters of blood. The heart is enclosed in a protective sac called pericardium enables the heart to slide smoothly as it contracts and relaxes. Beneath is the heart wall called myocardium definite cycle contraction and relaxation. Heart : Has four chambers. The upper chambers are called atria and lower chambers are called ventricles. The Blood Vessels : 3 Kinds Carry the blood away from the heart. Carry oxygen-rich blood. The thick wall has 3 layers. The inner consist of Veins bring blood from the different parts of the body flattened cells. Middle layer is smooth with elastic back to the heart. Blood carried by veins contains fibers. The outer has connective tissue prevents artery carbon dioxide. Exception of pulmonary vein. The from being damage. smallest vein is called venules. 1. 2. 3. Have very tiny walls. They exchange materials from blood to the cell, and vice versa. Capillaries also helps control the temperature of the body. The Blood Referred to as the “red river of life” because it delivers vital nutrients and essential things such as oxygen to the different parts of the body. It also carries white blood cells that protect the body from diseases and infection. Two parts: 1. Solid Part or Cellular consist of blood cells and platelets. About 45% total volume of blood composes solid part. 2. Liquid Part consist of Plasma. About 55% is liquid part, which makes blood flow. The Blood : Plasma Is the liquid part , which straw-yellow in color. It is made up of 90% water and he remaining 10% includes proteins, nutrients, hormones and dissolved electrolytes. It also carries antibodies manufactured by white blood cells to defend the body against disease causing germs. The Blood : Cellular Part Consists of red blood cells, white blood cells, and the cell fragments called platelets. These material are suspended in the plasma. Each type of blood cell has a particular job to do. The Blood Red blood cells (RCBs) produced in the red marrow of the bone. Their function is to carry oxygen from the lungs and transport it to all body tissues, and carbon dioxide and other wastes. Contains hemoglobin, substance rich in iron and gives blood a red color when it combines to oxygen. The Blood White blood cells (WBCs). They are generally bigger than red blood cells but are fewer in number. There is about one white blood cells for every 500 red blood cells. They are said to be the soldiers of the body because they protect and defend the body against diseases and infection. There are two types: phagocytes, which get rid of bacteria and worn out cells and lymphocytes, which make antibodies that help fight infection. The Blood Platelet or thrombocytes are not complete but rather fragments of cells. They are relatively smaller and are irregular in shape. They play an important role in blood clotting. When some blood tissues are damaged due to a wound or cut, the platelets bond together to help form blood clots to prevent loss of blood. The Paths of Circulation: Systematic Circulation Is the bigger circulation involving the whole body system. The flow of blood starts from left side of the heart to the different parts of the body and back to the right side of the heart. Lungs are not involved. The Paths of Circulation: Pulmonary Circulation Deoxygenated blood flows from the right side of the heart, then goes to lungs. From the lungs, it takes away carbon dioxide and gets oxygen before it returns to the left side of the heart. The circulation of blood is only between the heart and the lungs. The Paths of Circulation: Coronary Circulation The movement of blood through the tissues of the heart. The heart cells also need a supply of nutrients and oxygen to function well. It happens inside the heart as blood passes in the coronary arteries the goes to coronary capillaries and proceeds to coronary veins. Common Ailments of the Circulatory System Hypertension  Stroke A stroke occurs when a blood clot is formed and blocks the arteries to the brain. In some cases, a stroke is a result of blood vessel rupturing due to high pressure causing the brain cells to fail to receive enough supply of oxygen and nutrients. Reumatic Heart Disease Result of rheumatic fever caused by repeated throat infections by bacteria. The bacteria go down to the heart. The heart is weakened because of the swelling of its inner lining of the narrowing mitral valve.  Leukemia Known as the cancer of the blood. It occurs when there is overproduction of immature white blood cells in the bone marrow. This is serious disease that requires immediate medical treatment such as blood transfusion.  Anemia Condition wherein there is a decrease of hemoglobin in the red blood cells. Less hemoglobin means less supply of oxygen to the cells. This ailment may be caused by iron and vitamin B12 deficiencies , too much blood loss, low production, or rapid destruction of red blood cells. The most common symptom of anemia is fatigue. Caring for the Circulatory System 1. Have balanced diet. 2. Avoid too much fatty and salty foods. 3. Avoid smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages. 4. Exercise regularly. 5. Avoid extreme emotions, tension, and unnecessary worries. 6. Have enough rest. 7. Never take medicine without a doctor’s prescription. Activity! 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