Organic Chem and Functional Groups 2022 PDF

Why did the woman break up with the biologist? Organic Chemistry Basics CHAPTER 1.1 Carbon: Backbone of Biological Molecules Organic Chemistry is the study of compounds that contain carbon-hydrogen bonds. Carbon is present in all biological molecules. All compounds t...

Why did the woman break up with the biologist? Organic Chemistry Basics CHAPTER 1.1 Carbon: Backbone of Biological Molecules Organic Chemistry is the study of compounds that contain carbon-hydrogen bonds. Carbon is present in all biological molecules. All compounds that contain carbon are known as “organic compounds.” Checking for Understanding Which of the following are organic compounds? a) Water (H2O) b) Sugar (C6H12O6) c) Oxygen (O2) d) Salt (NaCl) e) cholesterol (C27H46O)  Carbon Carbon has a valence of 4. How many e- does it need for a complete valence shell? How many stable bonds can it form with other atoms? ❑is able to react with many elements ❑can form a single, double, or triple bond with another Carbon Carbon It is very versatile…examples Carbon Dating: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0rPYmRYGIjc Hydrocarbons ❑ are compounds made of only carbon + hydrogen ❑ are non-polar molecules Hydrocarbons o Hydrocarbons are classified based on the number of bonds they have… C 2H6 C 2H4 C 2H2 Checking for Understanding Draw the structural formula for the following. Which have a double or triple bond? a) C3H8 b) C2H6 c) CH4 d) C2H4 e) C2H2 Representing Organic Molecules Considering that C and H atoms are the basis of every organic molecule, it is not necessary to draw them out every single time. Other simple methods can be used. Every “bend & end” represents Carbon Let’s Practice Line Diagram Structural Molecular Glucose C6H12O6 Galactose C6H12O6 Let’s Practice Line Diagram Structural Molecular Fructose C6H12O6 Maltose C12H22O11 Functional Groups PG. 14  are group of atoms in an organic Functional Groups molecule that usually participate in chemical reactions Hydroxyl Group ❑ Molecules containing the –OH group are called alcohols (i.e. ethanol) Carbonyl Group ❑ Found in sugars ❑ If carbonyl group is at the end of a carbon skeleton, the compound is called an aldehyde ❑ If carbonyl group is within the carbon chain, compound is called a ketone Carboxyl Group ❑ Compounds containing carboxyl group are called carboxylic acids ❑ COOH acts as an acid by contributing H+ (hydrogen ion) to a solution, and becoming oxidized (COO-) ❑ i.e. acetic acid- vinegar Amino Group ❑ Acts as a base by picking up H+ from a solution ❑ Compounds containing an amino group are called amines ❑ Amino acids contain an amino group as well as a carboxyl group (important in protein synthesis)  Phosphate Group ❑ Phosphate group is usually ionized and attached to the carbon skeleton by one of its O atoms Phosphate group ionized phosphate group ❑ Important in nucleic acids and energy production (i.e. adenosine triphosphate (ATP)) Match each compound with its name on the right. Identify all the functional groups: Quiz 1. Identify all the functional groups. (5 marks) 2. Using an example, outline the difference between the two types of carbonyl groups. (2 marks)