Chemistry and Matter (Part TWO) PDF

Chemistry and Matter (part TWO)  Learning Outcomes The student should be able to: The student should be able to: 1. Know the Types of Changes of Matter, states of matter, and its physical transformation 2. Define Mass, Volume, Density and Specific Gra...

Chemistry and Matter (part TWO)  Learning Outcomes The student should be able to: The student should be able to: 1. Know the Types of Changes of Matter, states of matter, and its physical transformation 2. Define Mass, Volume, Density and Specific Gravity, Atomic Weight and Molecular Weight, Mole WHAT DID WE DISCUSS LAST MEETING? TYPES OF CHANGES OF MATTER 1. PHYSICAL CHANGE -involves change in appearance, size, etc. but does not involve change in composition. – usually refers to physical transformation Ex: vaporization, pulverization, etc. CHANGE OF STATE or PHYSICAL TRANSFROMATION PHASE A region with homogeneous (uniform) properties. CHANGE OF STATE A change of a substance from one of its physical states to another in which it can exist. STATES OF MATTER - Solid - Liquid - Gas / Vapor - Plasma - Bose – Einstein Condensate - Fermionic Condensate / Fermi – Dirac Condensate There are more states of matter, but let’s focus only on solid, liquid, and gas. CHANGE OF STATE or PHYSICAL TRANSFROMATION Matter exists in three physical states at ordinary condition as solid, liquid or gas. TYPES OF CHANGES OF MATTER 2. CHEMICAL CHANGE – involves changes in composition, where original substances undergoing change are transformed to new substances. – usually known as chemical reaction or chemical processes. Ex: combustion, corrosion, etc.  IMPORTANT CHEMCIAL QUANTITIES IN CHEMISTRY MASS Mass – represents the amount of matter contained in a body Common Units include: gram (g), kilogram (kg), pound (lbm), milligram (mg), etc.  IMPORTANT CHEMCIAL QUANTITIES IN CHEMISTRY VOLUME Volume – represents the total space occupied by matter Common Units include: cubic centimeter (cm ) or milliliter (mL), 3 liter (L), cubic meter (m ), etc. 3  IMPORTANT CHEMCIAL QUANTITIES IN CHEMISTRY AT O M I C W E I G H T A N D M O L E C U L A R W E I G H T - also known as molar mass 1.) Atomic Weight (AW) indicates the relative masses of atoms of elements. Atomic Weight (AW) - readily available data found in the Periodic Table Ex: Atomic Weights: H =1, C = 12, N = 14, Fe = 56  IMPORTANT CHEMCIAL QUANTITIES IN CHEMISTRY AT O M I C W E I G H T A N D M O L E C U L A R W E I G H T 2.) Molecular Weight (MW) - indicates the relative masses of molecules or ions of compounds. - is computed equal to the algebraic sum of the atomic weights of all elements in the formula of the compound. NOTE: AW or MW - Assigned an arbitrary unit : atomic mass unit (a.m.u.), gram per mole (g/mol), ton/tonmol, lb/lbmol Where: 1 amu= 1g/mol = 1 ton/tonmol = 1 mg/mmol  Solving Molecular Weights(MW) of Compounds: 1. Count the number of elements found in the formula based on its subscripts. 2. Calculate the MW by getting the algebraic sum of the atomic weights contributed by all the elements contained in the formula of the compound.  Solving Molecular Weights(MW) of Compounds: Sample Exercises: (AW: H =1, S = 32, O=16, Fe=56, C= 12, Ca =40, Cl = 36) Determine the Molecular weight of the following Compounds: a.) 𝐇𝟐 𝐒𝐎𝟒 = Sulfuric Acid b.) 𝐅𝐞𝟐 (𝐂𝐎𝟑 )𝟑 = Ferric Carbonate c.) 𝐂𝐚𝐂𝐥𝟐 · 5𝐇𝟐 𝐎 = Calcium Chloride Pentahydrate  Solving Molecular Weights(MW) of Compounds: Sample Exercises: (AW: H =1, S = 32, O=16, Fe=56, C= 12, Ca =40, Cl = 36) Determine the Molecular weight of the following Compounds: a.) 𝐇𝟐 𝐒𝐎𝟒 = Sulfuric Acid = 2 H + 1S + 4O = 2(1) + 1(32) + 4 (16) =98 b.) 𝐅𝐞𝟐 (𝐂𝐎𝟑 )𝟑 = Ferric Carbonate = 2Fe + 3C + 9 O = 2(56) +3(12) + 9(16) = 292 c.) 𝐂𝐚𝐂𝐥𝟐 · 5𝐇𝟐 𝐎 = Calcium Chloride Pentahydrate = 1Ca + 2Cl + 10 H + 5 O = 1Ca + 2Cl + 5𝐇𝟐 𝐎 = 1(40) + 2 (36) + 10(1) + 5(16) = 1(40)+2(36)+5(18) = 202  IMPORTANT CHEMCIAL QUANTITIES IN CHEMISTRY DENSITY Density (ρ) – mass of a substance per unit volume Specific Gravity (SG) – ratio of the density of a substance to the density of water In Equation Form : (𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒) 𝑴 density = = (𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒) 𝐕 (𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒) 𝝆𝑺𝒖𝒃𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 specific gravity = SG = = (𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟) 𝝆𝑯𝟐 𝑶  IMPORTANT CHEMCIAL QUANTITIES IN CHEMISTRY TEMPERATURE - Indicates the hotness or coldness of the body Common Units include: degree Centigrade or degree Celsius (°C), degree Fahrenheit (°F), kelvin (K), rankine (R)  IMPORTANT CHEMCIAL QUANTITIES IN CHEMISTRY TEMPERATURE NOTE: Absolute temperature scale refers to the scale that gives a reading of zero at the absolute temperature. Absolute Zero Temperature refers to the hypothetical temperature where velocity of motion of particles is zero.  IMPORTANT CHEMCIAL QUANTITIES IN CHEMISTRY PRESSURE Pressure – refers to the force exerted per unit area Common Units include: pascal (Pa), atmosphere (atm), millimeter mercury (mmHg), pound per square inch (psi),  IMPORTANT CHEMCIAL QUANTITIES IN CHEMISTRY MOLE Mole (n) – represents the number of pieces of particles contained in a substance. unit : mol  IMPORTANT CHEMCIAL QUANTITIES IN CHEMISTRY MOLE Conditions: 𝟐𝟑 a.) 1mol of any substance = 𝟔. 𝟎𝟐𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎 particles of the substance b.) 1mol of any substance = mass of the substance is numerically equal to its Atomic Weight – AW if element or Molecular Weight - MW if compound  LEARNING ACTIVITY Classify each of the following as an intensive property or an extensive property. Extensive (a) length Intensive (b) density Intensive (c) color Intensive (d) boiling point Extensive (e) mass Intensive (f) temperature Extensive (g) volume Intensive (h) melting point  STUDENT ACTIVITY A. ASSIGNMENT 1 B. WORKSHEET 1 (Found in MS Teams Assignment Channel. Notification is also found in our Teams Account) THANK YOU!