2_Concept-of-Community.pptx

Concept of the Community MARIA CHARINA C. CAYANAN, RN,MAN  A shared sense of being a Characteris community based on history and values. tics of a Healthy A general feeling of Community empowerment and control over matters that affect the (Hunt,...

Concept of the Community MARIA CHARINA C. CAYANAN, RN,MAN  A shared sense of being a Characteris community based on history and values. tics of a Healthy A general feeling of Community empowerment and control over matters that affect the (Hunt, community as a whole 1997; Duhl, Existing structures that 2002) allow subgroups within the community to participate decision making in community matters  “The utilization of the nursing process in the different levels of clientele-individuals, families, population groups and communities, concerned with the promotion of health, prevention Other of disease and disability and rehabilitation.” ( Maglaya, et al) Definitions “the practice of promoting and protecting the health of populations using knowledge from nursing, of PHN social, and public health sciences.”- WHO “science and art of preventing disease prolonging life and promoting health. and efficiency through organized. community effort for the sanitation. to ensure a living adequate for the. maintenance of health”- C.E. Winslow  People Defining attributes of the concept of Place community- Maurer and Smith , 2009 Interaction  Sec. 15. The State shall protect and promote the right Health right to health of the people and of every instill health consciousness Individual- among them. Article 2, Section 15 of the Phil. Constitution  Perceived benefits-beliefs about the positive outcomes associated with a behavior in response to a real or perceived threat. Potential positive benefits of action. Perceived severity-(perceived seriousness) refers to the negative consequences an Health individual associates with an event or outcome or a belief of consequence. Belief Model Perceived susceptibility-a person's belief about their chances of getting a certain condition.  Perceived barrier-a person's feelings on the obstacles to performing a recommended health action. Cues to action- exposure to factors that prompts action. Health Belief Model  The ability to cope with change, solve problems and Characterist manage conflicts within the ics of a community through Healthy acceptable means. Community Open channels of (Hunt, communication and cooperation among the 1997; Duhl, members of the community 2002) Equitable and efficient use of community resources, with the view towards sustaining natural resources Healthy Community The process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve their health. To reach a state of complete physical, mental, and social well- being, an individual or group must be able to realize aspirations, to satisfy needs, and to change or cope with the environment. -based on Ottawa Charter (WHO, 1986)  Healthy City Is one that is continually creating and improving those physical and social environments and expanding those community resources that enable people to mutually support each other in performing all the functions of life and developing to their maximum potential. Aims Achieve a good quality of life Create a health-supportive environment Provide basic sanitation and hygiene needs Supply access to health care  Types of Community Formal Informal Urban Rural Suburban Global Sectoral Social Space  Types of Community A community is the people living in an area or the area they live in. 1. Rural Community - there are less than 2, 500 population. -farms and homes are far apart. - the majority of people depend on agriculture. - transportation carries small groups of people , ex: cars, trucks, tractors, etc. - few good and services  Types of Community 1. Rural Community - usually produce their own food for subsistence. - greater personal interaction - generally, peace and order exists - emphasis of shared values - vernacular is usually spoken - homogenous type of culture - belief in supernatural and superstitious beliefs -relationship is more personal and informal  Types of Community 2. Urban - it is located in a large town or city. - there are more than 2,500 people, people are crowded - homes and apartments are close together. - the majority of people depend on industry and business. - transportation carries large groups of people Ex: trolleys, subways, buses, etc. - advance in science and technology - social heterogeneity  Types of Community 2. Urban -many crimes are committed - family ties tend to be weak - limited space - higher standard of living - shortage of employment - informal settlers are rampant  Types of Community 3. Suburban - it is located near the outskirts of a large town or city. - homes are close together. - majority of people depend the work in the cities. - people living in suburban work in the city and have transportation to get to work.  Types of Community 4. Formal- engage in joint activities and discussion, help each other , share information with each other and they care about their standing with each other. Ex: ecovillages, religious, co-ops and co-housing communities. 5. Informal- consists of a set of personal relations, social networks, common interest, and emotional sources of motivation. Ex: academic, recreation and retirement communities. 6. Global- it is the international aggregate of nation-states. “world community”. Common point of view towards issues of human rights, global warming and climate change, socio- economic conditions as well as disputed issues as territorial conflict.  Types of Community 7. Sectoral community- include the voluntary sector or non- profit sector, non-government,. 8. Social space communities- based on social spaces. Social space- refers to physical or virtual space. Physical space- social center, gathering place, town squares, parks, pubs, shopping malls. Virtual- online social media, websites, social interaction is a primary activity, information occurs in many directions, attended by different by social types, information is used in alternative ways.  Components of Community 1. Environment 2. People 3. Economy 4. Culture 5. Health 6. Quality of life  Factors affecting health of the community Populati Social Location on systems Roles and Activities of Community Health Nurse Planner/Programmer Identifies needs, priorities, and problems of individuals, families, and communities Formulates municipal health plan in the absence of a medical doctor Interprets and implements nursing plan, program policies, memoranda, and circular for the concerned staff personnel Provides technical assistance to rural health midwives in health matters  Provider of Nursing Care Roles and Provides direct nursing care to Activities sick or disabled in the home, of clinic, school, or workplace Communit Develops the family’s capability to y Health take care of the sick, disabled, or dependent member Nurse Roles and Activities of Community Health Nurse Community Organizer Motivates and enhances community participation in terms of planning, organizing, implementing, and evaluating health services Initiates and participates in community development activities Roles and Activities of Community Health Nurse Coordinator of Services Coordinates with individuals, families, and groups for health-related services provided by various members of the health team Coordinates nursing program with other health programs like environmental sanitation, health education, dental health, and mental health Establishes linkages and collaborative relationships with other health care professionals. Roles and Activities of Community Health Nurse Trainer/Health Educator Identifies and interprets training needs of the RHMs, Barangay Health Workers (BHW), and hilots Conducts training for RHMs and hilots on promotion and disease prevention Conducts pre- and post-consultation conferences for clinic clients; acts as a resource speaker on health and health related services Initiates the use of tri-media (radio/TV, cinema plugs, and print ads) for health education purposes Conducts pre-marital counseling Roles and Activities of Community Health Nurse Health Monitor Detects deviation from health of individuals, families, groups, and communities through contacts/visits with them Role Model Provides good example of healthful living to the members of the community Change Agent Motivates changes in health behavior in individuals, families, groups, and communities that also include lifestyle in order to promote and maintain health Roles and Activities of Community Health Nurse Recorder/Reporter/Statistician Prepares and submits required reports and records Maintain adequate, accurate, and complete recording and reporting Reviews, validates, consolidates, analyzes, and interprets all records and reports Prepares statistical data/chart and other data presentation Roles and Activities of Community Health Nurse Researcher Participates in the conduct of survey studies and researches on nursing and health-related subjects Coordinates with government and non- government organization in the implementation of studies/research Roles and Activities of Community Health Nurse Supervisor - the nurse monitors and supervises the performance of midwives and other auxiliary health workers. - the nurse initiates the formulation of staff development and training programs for midwives and other auxiliary health workers. Roles and Activities of Community Health Nurse Manager -organizes the nursing service component of the local health agency or local government unit. - responsible for the delivery of the package of services by the health program to target clientele. Activity # 2- Building Bridges Students identify different bridge designs and construction materials used in creating bridges. They work in construction teams to create paper bridges and spaghetti bridges based on existing bridge designs. Students progressively realize the importance of the elements in each bridge. Learning Objectives After this activity, students should be able to: Explain the need for bridges in our communities. Identify materials used for bridges construction and explain the properties of these materials. Identify the structural elements of bridges. Identify the forces acting on bridges. Build model bridges and explain the difference between rigid and non-rigid materials used in bridge construction.