Ancient Rome PDF - Chapter 2 Summary

**Chapter 2 summary: Life in Ancient Rome** - Ancient Rome is an example of an ancient or medieval civilisation that you have studied 1. Ancient Rome = **753 BC -- 476 AD** 2. **Roman Empire** conquered most of Europe, including Spain, France and England 3. At its height, in 117AD,...

**Chapter 2 summary: Life in Ancient Rome** - Ancient Rome is an example of an ancient or medieval civilisation that you have studied 1. Ancient Rome = **753 BC -- 476 AD** 2. **Roman Empire** conquered most of Europe, including Spain, France and England 3. At its height, in 117AD, Rome ruled more than 45 million people 4. Evidence from-\> **Pompeii**, **Pliny the Elder**, **Pliny the Younger** and **Tacitus** (writers) +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **The life of rich | **Both** | **The life of poor | | Romans** | | Romans** | +=======================+=======================+=======================+ | **Patricians = rich | 1. Romans wore a | Poor Romans = | | Romans** | shirt-like | **plebeians** | | | **tunica.** Men | | | 1. Patricians lived | wore a **toga** | 1. Plebeians lived | | in a domus (city) | over their | in insulae = | | or villa | tunicas. Women | wooden apartment | | (country) -\> | were a **stola** | blocks | | **vestibulum, | over their | | | peristylium, | tunics. Children | 2. Poor Romans -\> | | culina, | wore a lucky | given a dole | | triclinium, | bulla | (free grain). | | atrium.** There | | Used **garum** | | was often a | 2. Roman baths -\> | (fermented fish | | shrine to the | **Caldarium** = | sauce) to hide | | gods called a | hot room**. | taste of rotten | | **lararium** | Frigidarium** = | food | | | cold room. | | | 2. Patricians had an | **Tepidarium** = | 3. 200,000 people | | underfloor | warm room. | given dole each | | heating system | **Palaestra** = | month | | called | exercise court. | | | **hypocaust** | | 4. Takeaways = | | | 3. Chariot racing | **thermopolia** | | 3. Dinner of rich | -\> **Circus | | | Romans = **cena** | Maximus** | | | -\> crows, | | | | dormice, swans, | 4. Gladiator games | 14. **Work -\>** | | peacocks, roses | -\> held in | soldiers, | | | **amphitheatres** | fullers, tanners | | 4. 7-11 patrician | | | | children went to | 5. Roman people = | | | **ludus**. 12-16 | **pagan** | | | boys attended a | | | | **Grammar | 6. **Mars** = god of | | | School** | war | | | | | | | 5. Work -\> equites, | 7. **Venus** = | | | senators | goddess of love | | | | | | | | 8. Temples built = | | | | the **Pantheon** | | | | | | | | 9. Wedding ceremony | | | | = | | | | **conferration** | | | | | | | | 10. **Haruspex** | | | | performed animal | | | | sacrifices | | | | | | | | 11. **Constantine** | | | | converted Rome to | | | | **Christianity in | | | | 312 AD** | | | | | | | | 12. Woman's place = | | | | in the home | | | | | | | | 13. Girls provided | | | | their new husband | | | | with a **dowry** | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Life of an Army Commander: | **Life of a slave: Spartacus** | | Julius Caesar** | | +===================================+===================================+ | 1. Born in 100BC | 1. **1/3 of pop** = slaves | | | | | 2. Joined the **army** and | 2. Slaves = bought and sold at | | fought in Turkey | markets | | | | | 3. Allied with **Pompey** and | 3. Slaves = captured or born | | **Crassus** -\> 2 powerful | into slavery | | and rich men | | | | 4. The treatment of slaves | | 4. He then **ruled Rome** with | varied depending on their | | Pompey and Crassus | owner. Owners had the power | | | of life and death over their | | 5. Caesar brought in **popular | slaves | | reforms** e.g. redistributing | | | land to the poor | 5. Some slaves got their freedom | | | in a ceremony called a | | 6. When Pompey died, Caesar's | **manumission** | | alliance with Crassus | | | **collapsed** | 6. Many slaves rebelled against | | | their harsh treatment e.g. | | 7. Crassus ordered Caesar to | **Spartacus** | | return to Rome without his | | | army | 7. Spartacus was born in | | | **Macedonia** | | 8. Caesar disobeyed this and | | | instead crossed the Rubicon | 8. Because of his size and | | River and marched on Rome in | strength, he was sent to | | 49AD | gladiator school near Naples | | | | | 9. Crassus fled to Egypt where | 9. 73BC -- he rebelled against | | he was assassinated | the conditions and headed for | | | **Mount Vesuvius** | | 10. Caesar made himself | | | **dictator** of Rome | 10. Thousands joined him and he | | | led an army of **90,000** | | 11. Caesar changed the | | | **calendar** from 355 days to | 11. Spartacus defeated 2 armies | | 365 | and headed for northern Italy | | | in 72 BC | | 12. He also added the month of | | | **July** | 12. The Senate were alarmed as | | | Spartacus defeated 2 more | | 13. Caesar **ruled without | armies | | consulting the Senate** | | | | 13. Eventually, Crassus defeated | | 14. Senators stabbed him **23** | Spartacus in **71BC** | | times on 15 March, 44 BC | | | | 14. 6,000 rebels were captured | | | and **crucified** along the | | | Appian Way into Rome | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ **Crime and punishment in Ancient Rome (information from )** 1. Population of Rome = over **1 million people**, Rome = dirty and dangerous place 2. Crimes include **murder** and **theft** 3. There was no police force in Roman times but they did have a group called the **Vigiles** 4. If there was ever a risk to the Emperor, his special protectors, the **Praetorian Guard**, would be called in 5. The Romans designed their punishments to **discourage** potential criminals 6. **Whipping** and **fines** were the most common punishments 7. **Wooden shoes** were sometimes placed on the feet of prisoners, making escape difficult 8. A slave could be forced to carry a piece of wood around their neck that stated their crime 9. For very serious crimes you could be killed by **crucifixion**, thrown from a cliff, into a river or even buried alive **The legacy of Ancient Rome** 1. **Hypocaust** (underfloor heating) 2. **Thermopolium** (takeaway) 3. Infrastructure (roads, **aqueducts**) 4. Social welfare (poor Romans got a **dole**) 5. **Public health schemes** (baths) 6. Religion (made **Catholicism** the official religion, home of Catholic church still in Rome Today) 7. Law and Order (**innocent until proven guilty** was an idea coined by the Romans) 8. Roman **calendar** 9. **Roman numerals** 10. Art and Literature (**mosaics**, writing of Pliny the Younger etc) 11. **Alphabet** 12. Language (many European languages are based on **Latin**)