2. Academic Texts Across the Disciplines - August 12, 2024.pdf

The process of recording, classifying, and summarizing financial transactions to provide information that is useful in making business decisions. 1  Answer: Accounting 2  The study of how individuals, businesses, governments, and societie...

The process of recording, classifying, and summarizing financial transactions to provide information that is useful in making business decisions. 1  Answer: Accounting 2  The study of how individuals, businesses, governments, and societies make choices about the allocation of scarce resources to satisfy their needs and wants. 3  Answer: Economics 4  The management of money, including investing, borrowing, lending, budgeting, and forecasting, to maximize the value for individuals, companies, and governments. 5 Answer: Finance 6  The process of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling resources (including human resources) to achieve specific goals within an organization. 7  Answer: Management 8  The activities, strategies, and processes used to promote, sell, and distribute a product or service to meet the needs and wants of consumers. 9  Answer: Marketing 10  A broad field that encompasses various forms of creative expression, including visual arts (painting, sculpture), performing arts (dance, theater), and literary arts. 11 Answer: Art 12  The art of crafting original works of literature, such as fiction, poetry, and drama, focusing on narrative, character development, and literary style. 13  Answer: Creative Writing 14 The study of spoken, written, and signed systems of communication used by different communities around the world, including their grammar, syntax, and semantics. 15  Answer: Language 16  Written works, especially those considered to have artistic or intellectual value, including novels, poems, plays, and essays. 17  Answer: Literature 18 The art of arranging sounds in time to create a composition through elements like melody, harmony, rhythm, and timbre. 19 Answer: Music 20  The study of living organisms, including their structure, function, growth, evolution, and interactions with their environment. 21 Answer: Biology 22  The science of the composition, structure, properties, and reactions of matter, especially of atomic and molecular systems. 23  Answer: Chemistry 24  The study of computers and computational systems, including their theory, design, development, and application. 25  Answer: Computer Science 26 The application of scientific and mathematical principles to design, build, and maintain structures, machines, and processes. 27  Answer: Engineering 28 The study of interactions between living organisms and their environment, including the relationships among species and ecosystems. 29 Answer: Ecology 30  The abstract science of number, quantity, and space, used in fields like physics, engineering, and economics to model and solve problems. 31  Answer: Mathematics 32 The science of matter, energy, and the fundamental forces of nature, exploring concepts such as motion, energy, and the structure of the universe. 33 Answer: Physics 34  The science and practice of diagnosing, treating, and preventing disease and injury in humans and animals. 35 Answer: Medicine 36  The study of fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, values, reason, and language, often through critical analysis and argumentation. 37  Answer: Philosophy 38  The belief systems and practices centered around questions of the divine, moral values, and the purpose of life, often organized into communities of faith. 39 Answer: Religion 40  The art of performing plays and dramatic works, combining elements of acting, stagecraft, and storytelling. 41 Answer: Theater 42  The study of humans, past and present, focusing on cultural, social, biological, and linguistic development. 43  Answer: Anthropology 44  The process of facilitating learning, acquisition of knowledge, skills, values, and habits, typically through teaching, training, and research. 45  Answer: Education 46  The study of the Earth's physical features, human societies, and the relationships between people and their environments. 47  Answer: Geography 48  The study of past events, particularly in human affairs, often based on the analysis of written records, artifacts, and other evidence. 49 Answer: History 50 Let’s Explore! 51  1. What are the similarities between the two excerpts, if any? 52  2. What are the differences between the two excerpts, if any? 53 3. Under what academic discipline could each excerpt fall? 54  4. What do you think can make writing in these disciplines easy? What can make it challenging? 55 Most forms of academic writing share common traits and basic features. How can we identify which texts are written in which disciplines? ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 56  Identify the unique features and language of various academic Learning disciplines. Objectives Find connections between the different academic disciplines. At the end of the lesson, you should be able to do the following: Determine when and how to write in a particular academic discipline. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 57  1. What branches or fields are under the major academic disciplines? Essential Questions 2. What similarities do the different academic disciplines have with each other? ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 58  The Academic Disciplines Academic disciplines have various branches under them. Business: accounting, economics, finance, management, marketing Humanities: art, creative writing, languages, literature, music, philosophy, religion, theater ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 59 The Academic Disciplines Natural and applied sciences: biology, chemistry, computer science, engineering, geology, mathematics, physics, medicine Social sciences: anthropology, education, geography, history, law, political science, psychology, sociology ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 60 The Academic Disciplines Each of the disciplines and their branches have their own vocabularies, styles, and modes of communication. While they might all follow a basic format and guidelines, their application differs per discipline. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 61 The Academic Disciplines As you become exposed to more academic texts in varying disciplines, try looking for these formal aspects and guidelines in what you read and see how they are used or modified depending on the discipline: ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 62 The Academic Disciplines Title format Introduction Point of view (first, second, or third person) Tone (level of formality) Voice (active or passive) Discipline-specific vocabulary ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 63 The Academic Disciplines Sections and subheads Overall organization Use of images (graphs, graphics, pictures, tables, etc.) Conclusion Types of sources cited Use of source information ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 64 The Academic Disciplines Documentation style (APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.) Intended audience Published format (print or online) ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 65 The Academic Disciplines Different disciplines also tend to get their data and evidence from varying research methods. Examples: ○ Biologists perform lab experiments. ○ Social scientists conduct surveys and interviews. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 66 The Academic Disciplines Sources of information that are relevant to the different disciplines also vary. Examples: ○ Business students study resumes, memos, and product descriptions. ○ Humanities students study history books, literature reviews, or journals. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 67 The Academic Disciplines What the different disciplines focus on in their academic texts are also different. Examples: ○ Social sciences emphasize the methodology and their results or findings. ○ The sciences focus on the hypothesis and if the experiment proves or disproves it. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 68 Tips As you encounter different articles and texts in your classes, take note of the vocabulary and jargon used in various disciplines. Doing so can help you be more familiar with them should you re-encounter them. 69 The Academic Disciplines Example 1 Take a look at how a student of each discipline may write the thesis statement on the topic of recycling Business: Which methods of recycling can help cut down costs in the production of goods? Humanities: What recyclable materials can best be used for sculpting? ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 70 The Academic Disciplines Example 1 Natural and Applied Sciences: Which recyclable materials can be used to create an emergency life vest? Social Sciences: How can recycling be promoted better in middle to lower class families? ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 71 The Academic Disciplines Example 2 Approximately 5.5 million Americans currently suffer from Alzheimer’s dementia, and no cure or preventive measure currently exists. However, a new dietary supplement has shown an ability to improve cognitive function in adults with dementia, based on results of a year-long clinical trial. In the study, 34 adults with an average age of 80 were given one teaspoon, four times a day, of a dietary supplement containing multiple natural ingredients, notably a unique form of aloe vera and stabilized rice bran, for 12 months. "Overall, our results showed statistically and clinically significant improvements in cognitive functioning and statistically significant improvements in immune functioning for a disease that otherwise has no efficacious medical treatment," says John E. Lewis, Ph.D., founder and chief science officer of Nurish.Me, a company focused on developing innovative dietary supplements." Many participants had a renewed ability to recall people, places, events and situations, which was remarkable given their disease severity and from what the caregivers reported to us," Lewis adds. In addition, participants showed significant improvements after ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 72 The Academic Disciplines Example 2 12 months of treatment in scores on the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale- Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog), the current gold standard for measuring and assessing cognitive function in dementia patients. On average, patients in the study showed improvements in the ADAS-Cog of greater than four points, which is considered clinically significant. The initial results of the study were published in 2013 in the Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease. Additional findings were published in 2017 in the Journal of Clinical and Translational Research, and a third paper has been accepted for publication in the Journal of Clinical and Translational Research. Source: “Dietary Supplement Improves Cognition in Alzheimer’s” (​https://www.copyrightfreecontent.com/health/dietary-supplement-improves-cognition- in-alzheimers/​) ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 73 The Academic Disciplines Example 3 By the time Friar William of Rubruck arrived at the camp of Möngke Khan in the last days of 1253, he had pushed his body to its breaking point. The trip from Acre had taken him by way of Constantinople, across the Black Sea, and then on a punishing overland journey featuring extreme cold, a demon-haunted pass, and little enough food that his travel-companion, Bartolomeo of Cremona, had been close to tears, exclaiming “It seems to me I shall never get anything to eat”. And then there had been the Mongols themselves. Passing into their territory was like passing “through one of the gates of hell”, and leaving their presence comparable to escaping “the midst of devils”. Safe to say that the Mongols seemed quite alien to this Flemish friar. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 74 The Academic Disciplines Example 3 William grumbled at their (in his view) incurable greed, commented repeatedly on his distaste for the women's noses, and spoke of the foolishness of their religion. Though in many ways a clever traveller and, despite this xenophobia, an at times astute observer, he was in other ways a fish out of water, even going about at first in bare feet on the frozen winter ground. But not everything was so unfamiliar, so strange to him. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 75 The Academic Disciplines Example 3 There at the heart of the Mongol Empire, he found a surprisingly cosmopolitan scene comprised of Hungarians, Greeks, Armenians, Alans, Georgians, and more. In the capital of Karakorum, he found a “Saracen” quarter with its markets and a “Cathayan” one with its artisans; he found temples and mosques, and he found a church. He met a Christian from Damascus who represented the Ayyubid Sultan, a woman from Metz named Pacquette who had been captured while on business in Hungary, and the son of an Englishman named Basil. Most helpful to him during his stay was an artisan from Paris named Guillaume Boucher. This Parisian smith created several pieces which William saw — an altarpiece, a kind of mobile oratory, an iron to make communion wafers, and, perhaps his most significant mark left at Möngke’s capital, the Mongol khan’s wonderfully elaborate drinking fountain. Source: The Khan’s Drinking Fountain” (​https://publicdomainreview.org/essay/the-khans-drinking-fountain​) ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 76 Remember There are many differences in academic writing, from cited sources to the narrative tone or the voice used by the writer. Always keep an open mind and an observant eye when reading different academic texts. 77  Connections across Disciplines The disciplines are not so different in their development and purpose. Disciplines were developed and designed to help us make sense of our world and its phenomena. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 78 Connections across Disciplines Knowledge is gained when a practitioner can build on a previously established body of work from their discipline. Research requires you to use sources that touch on a similar topic or line of thinking that you are studying. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 79 Connections across Disciplines Pay attention to details in your different classes to see if you can find similarities and connections between them. You can become better at knowing how your specialization can fit with the rest of the world. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 80  Articulating Different Positions in Academic Writing All disciplines already have a number of debates, studies, and the like that have been going on for years. There are existing binary oppositions in each discipline that can help you make more sense of the different issues and topics you might encounter. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 81 Articulating Different Positions in Academic Writing It might seem that certain binary oppositions are more suited to a particular discipline, but it is not impossible for these binaries to be applied elsewhere. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 82 Articulating Different Positions in Academic Writing Example Business: production-consumption Humanities: theism - atheism Natural and Applied Sciences: logic - faith Social Sciences: hope - despair ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 83  Wrap Up Academic disciplines have different branches with their own vocabularies, styles, and modes of communication. Connections can always be found between the different academic disciplines. 84  Wrap Up Binary oppositions can help you understand issues and problems you’ll encounter in any discipline. 85  QUIZ #2 ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 86 86 1.Which of the following is NOT a branch of the Humanities? A) Philosophy B) Engineering C) Music D) Creative Writing 87 2. What is the main focus of Natural and Applied Sciences? A) Historical analysis B) Experimentation and empirical data C) Artistic expression D) Economic theories 88 3. In the Social Sciences, which research method is commonly used? A) Lab experiments B) Literary analysis C) Surveys and interviews D) Mathematical modeling 89 4. Which discipline would likely involve the study of resumes and product descriptions? A) Humanities B) Business C) Natural Sciences D) Social Sciences 90 5. What type of data collection is common in the field of biology? A) Historical documents B) Lab experiments C) Focus groups D) Creative writing 91 6. Why is it important to pay attention to connections between different academic disciplines? A) To pass classes more easily B) To understand the unique jargon of each discipline C) To see how concepts from one discipline can help with another D) To focus solely on one discipline 92 7. How can studying concepts from math benefit a science experiment? A) By providing creative writing techniques B) By offering historical context C) By assisting in the design and analysis of experiments D) By enhancing artistic expression 93 8. What is the benefit of knowing different disciplines? A) It helps in memorizing technical terms from each field. B) It makes one more adept at fitting their specialization into a broader context. C) It reduces the need to specialize in a single field. D) It allows one to ignore connections between disciplines. 94 9. Which of the following is a binary opposition in Business? A) Observer-Subject B) Nature-Nurture C) Text-Context D) Labor-Capital 95 10. Why are binary oppositions important in academic writing? A) They provide a clear, singular perspective on an issue. B) They help clarify and structure debates, themes, and research within a discipline. C) They eliminate the need for diverse viewpoints. D) They simplify the complexities of historical data. 96 KEY TO CORRECTION 1.B 6.C 2.B 7.B 3.C 8.B 4.B 9.D 5.B 10. B ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 97 97