Organic Chemistry Lecture 1 PDF

Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research AL-Mustaqbal University College of Science Department of Medical Physics Organic Chemistry Lecture 1 Introduction to Organic Chemistry By Dr. Assel Amer Hadi ...

Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research AL-Mustaqbal University College of Science Department of Medical Physics Organic Chemistry Lecture 1 Introduction to Organic Chemistry By Dr. Assel Amer Hadi  Introduction:-  Organic chemistry is the branch of chemistry that deals with carbon and its compounds. It is fundamental to biology and medicine.  Organic chemistry is the chemistry of carbon, an element that forms strong chemical bonds to other carbon atoms as well as to many other elements like hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and the halogens.  Organic chemicals were used in ancient times by Romans and Egyptians as dyes, medicines and poisons from natural sources, but the chemical composition of the substances was unknown.  Nomenclature 1- Find the longest carbon chain in the molecule. This will give you the base of the name: 2- Determine the principle functional group and its position.  Position is indicated, where necessary, by numbering the carbons in the main chain.  Position need not be indicated for alkanes, as they have no functional group, and aldehydes and acids, as they are terminal functional groups.  Positioning numbers are flanked by dash signs. Multiple positions for a given functional group are separated by commas and indicated by the prefixes di, tri, tetra, penta, hexa, hepta, octa , nona and deca. Anciliary functional groups are given in alphabetical order, with their position at the beginning of the name.  Hydrocarbons  Hydrocarbons are the most simple organic compounds.  Hydrocarbons contain only carbon (C) and hydrogen (H.)  Hydrocarbons can undergo reactions that release a large amount of energy.  Hydrocarbons can be divided into aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons.  The carbon atoms join together to form the framework of the compound, and the hydrogen atoms attach to them in many different configurations. chemical compound. Classification of Hydrocarbon Structures of Representative Hydrocarbons  Functional Groups:- 1. Functional groups are the components of organic molecules that are most commonly involved in chemical reactions. 2. The number and arrangement of functional groups give each molecule its unique properties. Hydrocarbon Derivatives