Heterocyclic Chemistry Lecture PDF

Heterocyclic Chemistry  Heterocyclic compounds Why? Of more than 21 million registered organic compounds, more than half are heterocycles either from synthetic or natural product origin More than 70% of the pharmaceuticals in clinical use belong to heteroc...

Heterocyclic Chemistry  Heterocyclic compounds Why? Of more than 21 million registered organic compounds, more than half are heterocycles either from synthetic or natural product origin More than 70% of the pharmaceuticals in clinical use belong to heterocyclic systems. A large number of heterocyclic compounds such as alkaloids, antibiotics, essential amino acids, vitamins, hemoglobin, hormones, and synthetic drugs and dyes are essential to life DNA ,RNA, chlorophyll, hemoglobin, vitamins contains heterocyclic ring in major skeleton.  Insertion of heteroatoms in a carbocyclic framework Enhances the bioavailability of the molecule due to higher electronegativity of the heteroatom compared to carbon, and thereby displays significant increased biodynamic properties. Nomenclature of heterocyclic compounds  Heterocyclic compounds What? Cyclic compounds obtainable by insertion of one or more similar or dissimilar heteroatoms (other than carbon) in a carbocyclic system are designated as “Heterocyclic compounds” Nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur are the most common heteroatoms present either alone or together in a cyclic system.  Insertion of heteroatoms in a carbocyclic framework Enhances the bioavailability of the molecule due to higher electronegativity of the heteroatom compared to carbon, and thereby displays significant increased biodynamic properties. Monocyclic Nomenclature Monocyclic Nomenclature  Hantzsch-Widman rules Prefix suffix Nitrogen = Aza Oxygen = oxa N-present N-absent Sulphur = Thia Ring size Unsat sat Unsat sat ole olidine ole olane ine a in ane 10 PRACTICE THANK YOU