18+Feb+-+The+brain+and+nervous+system.pptx

18 February 2025 The brain and nervous system Yesterday’s homework check Answers 1.  2. 3. 4. The autonomic system The autonomic system controls smooth and cardiac muscle and the organs of the digestive, circulatory, excretory and endocrine systems. The parasympathe...

18 February 2025 The brain and nervous system Yesterday’s homework check Answers 1.  2. 3. 4. The autonomic system The autonomic system controls smooth and cardiac muscle and the organs of the digestive, circulatory, excretory and endocrine systems. The parasympathetic system is associated with the phrase “rest and digest” – activities that gain or conserve energy. The sympathetic system is associated with the phrase “fight or flight” – activities requiring energy. Neurons of the parasympathetic system emerge from the brain and lower part of the spinal cord and use acetylcholine as their neurotransmitter. Neurons for the sympathetic system emerge from the middle portion of the spinal column and use norepinephrine as their neurotransmitter. The CNS is serviced by a network of The brain and spinal cord are capillaries that secrete cerebrospinal protected cerebrospinal fluid fluid into the fluid-filled spaces of the under tough connective brain (ventricles) and spinal cord tissues called the meninges. (central canal). The cerebral cortex The somatosensory cortex receives touch, pain and temperature from the body. Across the fissure, the corresponding motor cortex controls body movements. Neurons associated with the head are located at the bottom of the fissure and those of the toes are at the top.. Reading, writing, and speaking involve rapid interactions between our visual association area in the occipital lobe (to process the shape of words on a page), the auditory association area in the temporal lobe, and the speech areas of the parietal and frontal lobes.  The limbic system is involved in emotions, memory, and learning. Much of our emotions, learning, and memory depend on our limbic system which include parts of the thalamus, hypothalamus, two partial rings around them formed from portion of the cortex, the hippocampus and the amygdala. Limbic system is central to such key human behaviors as bonding to infants, emotional bonds to others, laughing and crying. It is where our “feelings” with regards to the things we do are located. Classwork/Homework 1. What are the two branches of the autonomic system and how do they work together to maintain homeostasis? Use specific examples to illustrate your point. 2. Describe the different functions of the parts of the hind brain. 3. List the four regions of the cerebral cortex and state the main functions of each. 4. Describe different functions of the parts of the limbic system.