Skeletal and Muscular System Workbook PDF

Skeletal and muscular system workbook Class ORTH 139 Class Format Assignment Function of skeletal system: Protection Movement structural support...

Skeletal and muscular system workbook Class ORTH 139 Class Format Assignment Function of skeletal system: Protection Movement structural support Mineral storage Blood cell formation Function of skeletal tissue: Mineral storage Need to ‘bank’ minerals in bones 35% drop in blood calcium = convulsion replaced every 9 months approx. Red marrow inside long bones some white blood cells produced in yellow bone marrow within vertebrae, ribs, sternum, cranial bones 3 type of blood cell produced Long bones = arms & legs Short bones = carpals in wrists, tarsals in ankles Skeletal and muscular system workbook 1  Flat bones = skull, sternum Irregular = mandible & vertebrae Function of osteoblast: To build bone (ossification) 2. What is the name for the main portion of a bone? Diaphyses 3. What are the epiphyses? The end part of a long bone 4. Where is spongy bone found? The inner part of bones 5. Where is compact bone found? The outer “coating” of bones = made up of osteon and lamellae Key definitions: 💡 Osteons main feature of compact bone cylindrical structures of concentric rings of lamellae surrounded by a central canal. Skeletal and muscular system workbook 2  💡 Central canal Channel through core of osteon; permits the passage of neurovascular structures. 💡 Endosteum Fibrous layer covering interior of each bone. Has rich neurovascular supply. 💡 Periosteum Fibrous layer that covers exterior of each bone. Rich neurovascular supply. Skeletal and muscular system workbook 3  Joints Four functions of the muscular system: Movement (eye) maintain homeostasis/regulate organ volumes maintain pressure/stabilise joints Breathing Muscle types = Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth. Tendons or connective tissue attach to skeletal muscle to bone. Skeletal and muscular system workbook 4  Smooth muscle lines hollow organs e.g. digestive system PNS controls smooth muscle. ATP causes muscle contraction. Sliding filament mechanism only found in skeletal muscle. Tropomyosin must be removed by binding of Ca for myosin head to bind to actin filament. sarcomere = smallest contractile unit of a muscle fibre 💡 FASCIAE tissue holding skeletal muscles of similar function Skeletal and muscular system workbook 5  Neuro muscular junction Skeletal and muscular system workbook 6 Skeletal and muscular system workbook 7