Analysis and Interpretation PDF

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION SHAILA B. TANGLOD MT I-SHS  Planning Data Analysis Using Statistics Purpose of Data Analysis Plan 1.Describe data sets 2.Determine the degree of relationship of variables 3.Determine differences between variables 4.Predict outcomes 5.Compare v...

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION SHAILA B. TANGLOD MT I-SHS  Planning Data Analysis Using Statistics Purpose of Data Analysis Plan 1.Describe data sets 2.Determine the degree of relationship of variables 3.Determine differences between variables 4.Predict outcomes 5.Compare variables Data Analysis Strategies 1. Exploratory Data Analysis Is used when it is not clear what to expect from the data. Uses numerical and visual presentations such as graphs. 2.Descriptive Data Analysis Used to describe, show or summarize data in a meaningful way, leading to a simple interpretation of data. Data Analysis Strategies 3. Inferential Data Analysis Inferential statistics tests hypothesis about a set of data to reach conclusions or generalizations beyond merely describing the data. It includes tests of significance of difference such as t-test, analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Spearman rho, linear regression and Chi-square. Quantitative Analysis in Evaluation 1. Nominal Scale Used for labelling variables Sometimes called categorical data Ex. Gender, Race, Ethnic Group 2. Ordinal Scale Assigns order on items on the characteristics being measured. Ex. Honor roll(1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th) order of agreement (SA,A,DA,SD) economic status(low,average,high) Quantitative Analysis in Evaluation 3. Interval Scale Has equal units of measurements, thereby, making it possible to interpret the order of the scale scores and the distance between them. It does not have a “true zero”. Addition and subtraction are possible but you cannot multiply or divide. EX. IQ, Time on clock with hands Quantitative Analysis in Evaluation 4. Ratio Scale Considered the highest level of measurement. It has the characteristics of an interval scale but it has a zero point, therefore all statistical operations can be performed.(addition, subtraction, multiplication & division) Ex. Years of education, Age  Presenting and Interpreting Data in Tabular and Graphical Forms Textual Presentation of Data Used words, statements or paragraphs with numbers or measurements to describe data. Ex. There are 42, 036 barangays in the Philippines. The latest barangay in terms of population size is Brgy. 176 in Caloocan City(198,285) and Batasan Hills in Quezon City (161,409).Twelve other brgys. Posted a population size of more than a hundred thousands persons. Source: psa.gov.ph  Presenting and Interpreting Data in Tabular and Graphical Forms Tabular Presentation of Data Tables present clear and organized and complete data. Parts: 1. Table number and title -Place above the table and usually written right after the table number. 2. Caption subhead-columns and rows 3. Body- contains all the data under each subhead 4. Source- It indicates if the data is secondary and it should be acknowledged.  Table 1 Ages of Individuals In Various Employment Sectors Age Group Employment Sector 18-25 26-35 36-45 STEM 3 8 15 HUMSS 10 9 13 ABM 15 13 19 GAS 3 15 21 TVL 1 15 16 24 TVL 2 30 23 18 TVL 3 25 4 8 TVL 4 16 16 10 Tabular Presentation With Textual Analysis An info. sheet is distributed to 300 junior and senior high school students of Maddela Comprehensive High School (MCHS) to gather data on background of the students in terms of sex, grade level, and socioeconomic status as measured by monthly family income. A profile analysis of the students’ background is provided for each tabular presentation of the profile variables to illustrate textual analysis. Table 2 Profile of students According to Gender Gender Frequency Percentage Male 120 40% Female 180 60% Total 300 100% Among the 300 respondents, 120 (40%) are males and 180% (60%) are females. Tabular Presentation With Textual Analysis Table 3 Profile Students According to Grade Level Grade Level Frequency Percentage Grade 7 60 20% Grade 8 54 18% Grade 9 51 17% Grade 10 45 15% Grade 11 90 30% Total 300 100% The table shows that, of the survey’s 300 respondents, 60 (20%) are in Grade 7, 54 (18%) are in Grade 8, 51(17%) are in Grade 9 and 45 (15%) are in Grade 10. This constitutes enrolment in Junior High School. Enrolees entering Senior High School in Grade 11 constitute 90 (30%) of the total school enrolment. Graphical Methods of Presenting Data Graphs or Chart Portrays the visual presentation of data using symbols such as lines, dots, bars, or slices. Line Graph Is a graphical presentation of data that shows a continuous change or trend. It may show an ascending or descending trend. Bar Graph Uses bars to compare categories of data. It may drawn vertically or horizontally. Pie Charts or Circle Graphs Used to show how parts of a whole compare to each other and to the whole. ❑ Entire Circle—Total ❑ Parts – amount of the total they represent