Organic Chemistry: Alcohols, Ethers & Thiols PDF

**[1.4: ALCOHOLS, ETHERS & THIOLS]** **Big idea:** demonstrate an understanding of the structure, properties, and chemical behaviour of compounds within each class of organic compounds. **Learning goals: By the end of this lesson, we will be able to...** 1. 2. **Success criteria: We know we a...

**[1.4: ALCOHOLS, ETHERS & THIOLS]** **Big idea:** demonstrate an understanding of the structure, properties, and chemical behaviour of compounds within each class of organic compounds. **Learning goals: By the end of this lesson, we will be able to...** 1. 2. **Success criteria: We know we are successful when we can...** 1. 2. Reference: textbook pages 32-39 - An **alcohol** is an organic compound that contains a hydroxyl (-OH) functional group. - To name alcohols, use the --ol suffix. Alcohols are classified according to the type of C to which the OH group is attached. This is similar to naming alkenes. We replace the final -e of the parent hydrocarbon with -ol. For example, butanol is a **primary alcohol** because the C to which the OH is attached is attached to only one other carbon. 2-Butanol is a **secondary alcohol** and 2-methyl-2-propanol is a **tertiary alcohol**. Draw structural diagrams for these three alcohols. **[Note: IF the chain also has a hydrocarbon or halide constituent, we assign the LOWEST number to the carbon with the hydroxyl group. ]** - **Polyalcohols** - alcohols that have more than one -OH group. - 1. 2. - **Aromatic alcohols** - - - - - Draw: 2,2-dimethylcyclohexanol 3. - **Properties of Alcohols:** Addition of hydroxyl groups to a hydrocarbon increases polarity, which results in [stronger] intermolecular attractions. Thus, an alcohol will have a **higher boiling point, higher melting point** and **increased solubility in polar solvents** when compared with a hydrocarbon of similar size. - note: as the length of the hydrocarbon chain increases for an alcohol, the alcohol is less soluble in water - Since the hydrocarbon chain of an alcohol is nonpolar, alcohols can generally dissolve both polar and nonpolar substances How would the boiling point of ethanol compare with the boiling point of chloroethane? - **Preparation of Alcohols:** - - **Reactions of Alcohols:** - - Try page 37 \#1,2 - An **ether** is an organic compound containing an oxygen atom between 2 carbon atoms in a chain - To name an ether, add the suffix **--oxy** to the prefix of the **[smaller]** alkyl group. - If 2 alkane groups are the same size, the prefix di- is used 1. 2. - **Properties of Ethers:** The V-shapes of ethers allow for dipole-dipole attractions. Ethers are miscible with polar and nonpolar substances, making them ideal solvents for organic reactions. - ethers have lower boiling points than similar sized alcohols because they cannot hydrogen bond 3. 4. - **Preparation of Ethers:** 5. **[THIOLS]** Thiols are an organic compound that includes the sulfhydryl functional group, -SH. this group is similar to a hydroxyl group -OH. - Naming: - - 6.