12 Minutes to CLAT Current Affairs Compendium PDF - July 2024

12 Minutes to CLAT Current Affairs Compendium – July 2024 Th is PD...

12 Minutes to CLAT Current Affairs Compendium – July 2024 Th is PD F be lo ng s to IP pYk 1 (a m an ch a ub ey 27 6@ gm ai l.c om ,7 CURRENT AFFAIRS COMPENDIUM – JULY 2024 70 58 48 92 5) Visit us at: 12minutestoclat.com Subscribe to us on: YouTube Follow us on: Telegram, Instagram E-mail: [email protected] 12minutestoclat.com 1 12 Minutes to CLAT Current Affairs Compendium – July 2024 Th is PD F be lo ng s to IP pYk 1 (a m an ch a ub ey 27 6@ gm ai l.c om ,7 70 58 48 92 5) 12minutestoclat.com 2 12 Minutes to CLAT Current Affairs Compendium – July 2024 Th is PD Student Support F be lo ng Contact: s to IP pYk 1 8302916701; (a m an ch a ub 9929774737; ey 27 6@ gm ai 9303019139 l.c om ,7 70 58 48 92 5) 12minutestoclat.com 3 12 Minutes to CLAT Current Affairs Compendium – July 2024 Contents National Current Affairs............................................................................... 6 Th is PD World’s largest Ramayan Temple in Bihar........................................................... 6 F be lo Jurisdiction of CBI............................................................................................. 8 ng s to Parental Consent under Digital Data Protection Act........................................... 12 IP pYk 85th Death Anniversary of Sardar Udham Singh................................................ 19 1 (a m Karnataka’s Job Quota.................................................................................... 23 an ch a ub Sub- categorization of SCs and STs.................................................................. 28 ey 27 Punjab’s Bill for removing Governor as the Chancellor....................................... 35 6@ gm 125th Constitutional Amendment Bill................................................................ 40 ai l.c om UP Anti – Conversion Law............................................................................... 44 ,7 70 58 25th Anniversary of Kargil War......................................................................... 50 48 92 International Current Affairs...................................................................... 56 5) World’s first Carbon Fibre High Speed Train..................................................... 56 ICJ on Israel................................................................................................... 58 Assassination of Hamas Leader........................................................................ 64 Myanmar armed groups.................................................................................. 69 46th World Heritage Committee Session........................................................... 75 Global IT Outage............................................................................................ 79 Economy..................................................................................................... 83 Money Bills..................................................................................................... 83 12minutestoclat.com 4 12 Minutes to CLAT Current Affairs Compendium – July 2024 Economic Survey of India 2024....................................................................... 88 Union Budget 2024 – 25................................................................................. 94 Th is Reports & Indices..................................................................................... 103 PD F be Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020......................................................103 lo ng s Henley’s Passport Index.................................................................................108 to IP p Mercer’s Cost of Living City Rankings 2024......................................................112 Yk 1 (a Environment, Defence, Science & Technology......................................... 115 m an ch Axiom- 4 Mission...........................................................................................115 a ub ey 27 NISAR...........................................................................................................118 6@ gm Exercise Nomadic Elephant 2024....................................................................121 ai l.c om Exercise KHAAN QUEST 2024.........................................................................123 ,7 70 Commercial Release of GM Mustard................................................................125 58 48 92 COSPAR Awards 2024....................................................................................129 5) Sports:...................................................................................................... 134 Olympic Order to Abhinav Bindra....................................................................134 AIFF Awards 2023-24....................................................................................138 Important Days of the Month:................................................................. 142 World Zoonoses Day 2024..............................................................................142 World Population Day 2024............................................................................144 World Youth Skills Day 2024...........................................................................146 National Flag Day 2024..................................................................................148 International Tigers Day 2024........................................................................150 12minutestoclat.com 5 12 Minutes to CLAT Current Affairs Compendium – July 2024 National Current Affairs: Th is PD F be lo ng s to World’s largest Ramayan Temple in Bihar IP pYk 1 (a m an ch a ub ey 27 6@ gm ai l.c om ,7 70 58 48 92 5) Recently: The second phase of construction of the “world’s largest Ramayan temple” began in East Champaran district of Bihar. The temple is envisaged to be the “World’s largest Ramayan Temple” after its completion in 2025. About the Temple: 12minutestoclat.com 6 12 Minutes to CLAT Current Affairs Compendium – July 2024 History: In 2012, Acharya Kishore Kunal performed the bhoomi pujan of the Virat Ramayana temple to be built in Th is Kaithwaliya. PD F Acharya Kishore Kunal is a former IPS officer and Secretary of Patna-brd Mahavir Mandir Trust, which has be lo borne all expenses of the construction of Viraat Ramayan temple from its internal resources. ng s to Chief Minister Nitish Kumar first unveiled the temple model at a function inaugurated by Dwarka Peeth IP p Shankaracharya Swami Swaroopananda Saraswati at Patna’s Mahavir Mandir in November 2013. Yk 1 The project was first proposed as Viraat Angkot Wat Ram Mandir in Bihar’s Hajipur. (a m an After the plan was disclosed and widely discussed, the Cambodian government expressed its objection and concern to ch a the Indian government over the fact that the name of this temple is a copy of the actual Angkor Wat situated in Cambodia. ub ey The Cambodian government also claimed that the proposed temple’s design was a replica of the world-famous Angkor Wat 27 6@ temple. The 12th century temple is a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1992. gm ai The project almost coincided with the construction of the Statue of Unity in Gujarat prior to the 2014 Lok Sabha l.c om elections. ,7 70 This saw the Janata Dal-United (JD-U) breaking alliance with the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) and joining hands with 58 48 the Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD) in Bihar. 92 5) The Statue of Unity, a Gujarat government project, was ready in 2018, but the Viraat temple got stuck due to international issues and later some land acquisition matters. The project was moved to East Champaran district after the temple trust was allotted land there. The construction of the three-storey temple, spread over an area of 3.76 lakh sq.ft., began in June 2023 and is expected to be complete in 2025. Former director general of Central Public Works Department (CPWD) Mohit Kumar Jaiswal has been made the chief adviser of the technical cell for the project. The Project has the longevity of 250 years which was planned to be only 100 years initially. Architecture: 12minutestoclat.com 7 12 Minutes to CLAT Current Affairs Compendium – July 2024 The architecture of the world’s largest temple is inspired by the Angkor Wat complex in Cambodia, and in south India, the Ramanathaswami temple in Rameshwaram and the Meenakshi Sundareshwarar temple in Madurai. Th The temple will be constructed in 3.76 lakh sq. ft. land in the Kaithwalia-Bahuara villages under the Kalyanur block on is PD Kesaria-Chakia road in East Champaran district, about 120 km from the State capital, Patna. F be The temple will have 12 domes, the highest of which will be 270 ft tall. lo ng The temple will be 2,800 ft in length, 1,400 ft in width and 405 ft in height. s to IP The temple will house a 33-foot-tall Shivling in the arghya (sanctum sanctorum). There will be 22 sanctum sanctorum pYk for different deities in the temple complex. 1 (a m The 33-ft-high black granite Shivling weighs 200 tonnes and is being made at Mahabalipuram near Chennai. an ch This Shivling will also be world’s largest Shivling and be established by Mahashivratri of 2025. a ub There will be 22 smaller temples in the complex dedicated to the important deities mentioned in the Ramayana. ey 27 The first phase of construction was completed in 10 months. 6@ gm The second phase will include the construction up to the plinth level, which will go up to a height of about 26 feet from ai l.c the ground level. om ,7 In the third phase, the construction of shikhars (spires) and final finishing touches of the entire temple will be done. 70 58 There will be a total of 12 shikhars in the temple, with the main shikhar being 270 feet tall. 48 92 With a length of 1080 feet, the Viraat Ramayan Mandir will be three times bigger than the Ram Temple in Ayodhya 5) (360 feet). Similarly, the Ayodhya Temple’s height is 161 feet, while the Viraat Ramayan Temple will have a height of 270 feet. The temple will have sitting capacity of 20,000 people at a time. Jurisdiction of CBI 12minutestoclat.com 8 12 Minutes to CLAT Current Affairs Compendium – July 2024 Th is PD F be lo ng s to IP pYk 1 (a m an ch a ub ey 27 Recently: The Supreme Court upheld the West Bengal government’s suit accusing the Union government of “constitutional 6@ overreach” by employing the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) to register and investigate cases in the State despite its gm ai withdrawal of general consent. l.c om ,7 On the other hand, BJP-ruled Madhya Pradesh, Odisha and Goa have extended the CBI’s remit under ‘general consent’ — 70 58 which would earlier apply to central government officials and central PSU employees in the states’ territorial jurisdiction — to 48 92 “private persons” as well. 5) What is General Consent for CBI? The CBI is governed by the Delhi Special Police Establishment Act (DPSEA). This law makes the CBI a special wing of Delhi Police and thus its original jurisdiction is limited to Delhi. Therefore, under Section 6 of the Delhi Special Police Establishment Act, 1946, CBI needs to take permission from the respective state before investigating any case in it. The central government can authorise CBI to probe a case in a state but only with the consent of the concerned state government. However, the Supreme Court and high courts can order a CBI probe in any state even without its consent. 12minutestoclat.com 9 12 Minutes to CLAT Current Affairs Compendium – July 2024 This permission is required since “police” and “public order” fall within the State List under the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution. Th No such prior consent is necessary in Union territories or railway areas. is PD Almost all states have traditionally given such consent, in the absence of which the CBI would have to apply to the state F be government in every case, and before taking even small actions. lo ng If a state withdraws its General Consent, the CBI should not register any fresh case involving officials of the central s to IP government or a private person in the state without the consent of the state government. pYk However, the CBI retains the power to investigate cases that had been registered before consent was withdrawn. 1 (a m In case a search requires an element of surprise, Section 166 of the Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC) can be used, an ch which allows a police officer of one jurisdiction to ask an officer of another to carry out a search on their behalf. a ub And should the first officer feel that a search carried out by the latter may lead to loss of evidence, the section allows ey 27 the first officer to conduct the search himself after giving notice to the latter. 6@ gm Consent does not apply in cases where someone has been caught red-handed taking a bribe. ai l.c According to a 2018 judgement of the Delhi High Court, a case registered anywhere else in the country, which involved om ,7 individuals stationed in these states, allowed the CBI’s jurisdiction to extend to these states. 70 58 States such as West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, Punjab, Telangana and Kerala have withdrawn their general consent for 48 92 CBI investigations. 5) Recent Developments: The Supreme Court Order: The West Bengal government had filed an original suit under Article 131 of the Constitution arguing that the actions of the Union government and the involvement of the CBI in the State infringed upon its sovereignty. Article 131 deals with the Supreme Court's original jurisdiction in a dispute between the Centre and one or more states. The suit highlighted that despite the withdrawal of general consent for CBI investigations by the state on November 16, 2018, the agency proceeded to register 12 new cases. 12minutestoclat.com 10 12 Minutes to CLAT Current Affairs Compendium – July 2024 Alleging this to be a “constitutional overreach,” the State sought the annulment of these 12 cases and stop the CBI from lodging any further cases. Th A bench of Justices BR Gavai and Sandeep Mehta said the detailed hearing on West Bengal's suit will be taken up later is PD on merits. F be The court posted the final hearing of the suit on August 13 when issues for adjudication will be framed after hearing Bengal lo ng government and Union government. s to IP pYk 1 (a m The new Notifications: an ch a The Madhya Pradesh government has said that the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) will need a written permission ub ey 27 to initiate inquiries against state’s “public servants”. 6@ The state government, however, said no permission will be required to probe central government officials or private gm ai individuals. l.c om A notification in this regard was issued on July 16 and said the order came into effect on July 1. ,7 70 They said that the notifications have been issued on the advice of the CBI, which was trying to standardise the ‘general 58 48 consent’ regime for all states following the implementation of the new criminal laws on July 1. 92 5) Identical notifications were issued by governments of Odisha (June 30) and Goa (July 12). Central Bureau of Investigation: The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) is the premier investigating agency of India. It was formed by resolution of the Ministry of Home Affairs but now operates under the operates under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions. It works under the supervision of the Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) in matters pertaining to the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988. It is India’s representative for correspondence with the INTERPOL. The CBI is Headquartered in New Delhi. 12minutestoclat.com 11 12 Minutes to CLAT Current Affairs Compendium – July 2024 It is not a statutory body but derives its power to investigate from the Delhi Special Police Establishment Act, 1946. Th is PD How was it formed? F be lo The Central Bureau of Investigation traces its origins to the Special Police Establishment (SPE), a Central Government Police ng s to force, which was set up in 1941 by the Government of India to investigate bribery and corruption in transactions with the IP p War and Supply Department of India. Yk 1 (a Later on, it was formalized as an agency of the Government of India to investigate into allegations of corruption in various m an wings of the Government of India by enacting the Delhi Special Police Establishment (DSPE) Act, 1946. ch a The establishment of the CBI was recommended by the Santhanam Committee on Prevention of Corruption (1962– ub ey 27 1964). 6@ The DSPE acquired its popular current name, through a Home Ministry resolution in 1963. gm ai In 1987, the CBI was divided into the following divisions: the Anti-Corruption Division, the Special Crimes Division, the l.c om Economic Offences Division, the Policy and International Police Cooperation Division, the Central Forensic Science ,7 70 Laboratory Division. 58 48 92 Director of CBI: 5) The CBI director is responsible for the administration of the Organization. The Director is appointed for a tenure of not less than 2 years. Earlier, the appointment was made on the basis of DSPE Act. In 2014, the Lokpal Act provided for a committee headed by PM, for the appointment of the CBI director. The founding director of the CBI was D. P. Kohli, who held the office from 1 April 1963 to 31 May 1968. Praveen Sood is the current director of CBI. Parental Consent under Digital Data Protection Act 12minutestoclat.com 12 12 Minutes to CLAT Current Affairs Compendium – July 2024 Th is PD F be lo ng s to IP pYk 1 (a m an ch a ub ey Recently: The industry has generally embraced the Digital Personal Data Protection Act (DPDPA) 2023 for its clear 27 6@ compliance framework. However, the requirement for verifiable parental consent before handling children’s data has caused a rift gm between the industry and the government. ai l.c om ,7 70 58 What is Digital Personal Data Protection Act (DPDPA) 2023? 48 92 5) History: The journey towards a data protection legislation can be traced back to 2017 when an expert committee was constituted by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeiTY). The committee was form under the chairmanship of BN Srikrishna. The committee was formed after the landmark judgement of Justice K.S. Puttaswamy & Anr. vs. Union of India & Ors. (2017), also known as the Right to Privacy verdict, which holds that the right to privacy is protected as a fundamental right under Article 21 (Right to life). The major development came in December 2021 when the Data Protection Bill, 2021 (DPB, 2021) was released. However, it was withdrawn in Parliament by Minister for Communications and Information Technology Ashwini Vaishnaw on August 3, 2022. 12minutestoclat.com 13 12 Minutes to CLAT Current Affairs Compendium – July 2024 On November 18, 2022, a draft of the Digital Personal Data Protection Bill, 2022 (DPDPB, 2022) was released for public consultation. Th The submissions made under this consultation process were not made public. The request to publicly release the is PD submissions was also denied in a Right to Information application. F be lo One year later, on August 11, 2023, a bill was passed by the parliament and it became an act. ng s By using the word “she” instead of “he”, for the first time it acknowledges women in Parliamentary law-making. to IP pYk 1 (a Aim of the Act m an ch a Introduce data protection law with minimum disruption while ensuring necessary change in the way Data Fiduciaries process ub ey data. 27 6@ gm Enhance the Ease of Living and the Ease of Doing Business. ai l.c om Enable India’s digital economy and its innovation ecosystem. ,7 70 58 Principles: 48 92 5) The Act is based on the following seven principles as per the government: Consented, lawful and transparent use of personal data. Purpose Limitation- Use of personal data only for the purpose specified at the time of obtaining consent of the Data Principal. Data Minimisation- Collection of only as much personal data as is necessary to serve the specified purpose. Data accuracy- Ensuring data is correct and updated. Storage Limitation- Storing data only till it is needed for the specified purpose. Reasonable security safeguards 12minutestoclat.com 14 12 Minutes to CLAT Current Affairs Compendium – July 2024 Accountability- through adjudication of data breaches and breaches of the provisions of the Bill and imposition of penalties for the breaches. Th is Key Definitions: PD F be Data- Any representation of information, facts, concepts, opinions and instructions which is capable of being lo ng s communicated, interpreted, and processed by human beings or by automated means. to IP pYk Personal Data- Any data about an individual (Data Principal) who is identifiable by or in relation to such data. 1 (a m an Processing of Personal Data- It is the performing of a set of operation(s) by wholly or partly automated means on digital ch a Personal Data. ub ey 27 6@ Includes collection, storage, indexing, sharing, use, disclosure, dissemination, and includes erasure thereof. gm ai Such processing can only be undertaken for a ‘lawful purpose’ for which a Data Principal has given her consent and l.c om for certain legitimate uses as laid down in the Act. ,7 70 58 48 Data Fiduciaries- They are the persons, companies and government entities who process data. 92 5) Applicability: The act applies to the processing of digital personal data within India where such data is: (i) collected online, or (ii) collected offline and is digitised. It will also apply to the processing of personal data outside India if it is for offering goods or services in India. It shall not apply to the Personal Data when such data is (i) processed by an individual for any personal or domestic purpose. (ii) is made or caused to be made publicly available by the Data Principal herself or any other person being under an obligation. 12minutestoclat.com 15 12 Minutes to CLAT Current Affairs Compendium – July 2024 Consent: Section 6 of the act states that Personal data may be processed only for a lawful purpose after obtaining the consent of Th is the individual. PD F Such consent has to be free, specific, informed, unconditional, and unambiguous with a clear affirmative action. be lo A notice under section 5 must be given before seeking consent. ng s to The notice should contain details about the personal data to be collected and the purpose of processing. IP p Consent may be withdrawn by the Data Principle at any point in time. Yk 1 Consent, as per Section 7, will not be required for ‘legitimate uses’ including: (a m an Specified purpose for which data has been provided by an individual voluntarily. ch a Provision of benefit or service by the government such as subsidy, certificate, license, benefit, permits, etc. ub ey Security of the State or in the interest of sovereignty and integrity of the country 27 6@ Medical Emergency gm ai Employment l.c om As per Section 9, For individuals below 18 years of age, consent will be provided by the parent or the legal guardian. ,7 70 However, the State or any instrumentality of the State has been empowered to retain Personal Data or reject any request 58 48 made for the erasure of Personal Data vide Section 17(4). 92 5) Parental Consent: According to Section 9, data fiduciaries are required to secure verifiable consent from parents or guardians before processing data related to children (people below the age of 18). The Act also prohibits harmful data processing and targeted advertising aimed at minors. However, certain organizations, such as healthcare and educational institutions, may be exempt from these verifiable parental consent and age-gating requirements. This has been a major sticking point for the industry since the Act itself does not suggest ways in which platforms can perform age-gating. 12minutestoclat.com 16 12 Minutes to CLAT Current Affairs Compendium – July 2024 Although the act introduces safeguards for protecting children's data, such as requiring parental consent, there are still challenges related to age verification and defining what constitutes harm to children. Th Another challenge is reliably establishing the relationship between a child and their parents. is PD The lack of a definitive approach for implementing the verifiable parental consent requirement is a major reason for the F be lo delay in issuing the data protection rules. ng s to Previous solutions not found feasible IP pYk 1 Last year, as part of its internal deliberations on the data protection rules, the ministry was considering two ways to (a m an establish the relationship between children and their parents. ch a ub One option was to use parents’ DigiLocker app, which is based on their Aadhaar details, while the other was for the ey 27 industry to create an electronic token system, which would be allowed only if authorized by the government. 6@ However, the ministry no longer thinks these solutions could be implemented at scale and is understood to have dropped gm ai l.c the idea. om ,7 The inability to arrive at a conclusive decision on how to proceed with the verifiable parental consent provision is the biggest 70 58 reason behind the delay in releasing the data protection rules. 48 92 Without the rules, the data protection Act can not be operationalised as it depends on at least 25 such provisions to 5) implement the modalities of the Act. Global laws don’t prescribe tech measure: Globally, privacy legislations have not prescribed a technology to gather verifiable parental consent, and have left it to data collectors to use relevant technology through which such consent can be gathered. For instance, the United States’ Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA) does not mandate the method a company must use to get parental consent. Instead, it says that an operator must choose a method “reasonably designed” in light of available technology to ensure that the person giving the consent is the child’s parent. 12minutestoclat.com 17 12 Minutes to CLAT Current Affairs Compendium – July 2024 The COPPA, however, has prescribed some basic standards that any technological measure to gather a child’s parent’s consent should adhere to. Th These include signing a consent form and sending it back via fax, mail, or electronic scan. is PD Using a credit card, debit card, or other online payment system that provides notification of each separate transaction F be lo to the account holder is also included. ng s Another method is calling a toll-free number staffed by trained personnel or connecting to trained personnel via a video to IP p conference. Yk 1 Verifying a picture of a driver’s license or other photo ID submitted by the parent, and then comparing that photo to a (a m an second photo submitted by the parent using facial recognition technology, is among the options as well. ch a ub The European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), 2016 is considered to be among the strictest ey 27 privacy laws globally. 6@ gm On the other hand, it requires data collectors to make “reasonable efforts” using available technology to verify that consent ai l.c provided on behalf of a child under the age of 13 has, in fact, been provided by the holder of parental responsibility for om ,7 that child. 70 58 In the event of a complaint, the law will consider whether a data collector has made reasonable efforts to verify that the 48 92 data subject is old enough to provide their own consent. 5) This evaluation will take into account the risks inherent in the processing and the available technology. 12minutestoclat.com 18 12 Minutes to CLAT Current Affairs Compendium – July 2024 85th Death Anniversary of Sardar Udham Singh Th is PD F be lo ng s to IP pYk 1 (a m an ch a ub ey 27 6@ gm ai l.c om ,7 70 58 Recently: India observed the 85th Death Anniversary of the “Patient Assassin”, Sardar Udham Singh on July 31st. 48 92 5) On July 31, 1940, Indian revolutionary leader Udham Singh was executed at the Pentonville prison in London for killing Michael O’Dwyer, the former lieutenant governor of Punjab. Who was Sardar Udham Singh? Udham Singh was born as Sher Singh on December 26, 1899, in the Sunam city of Sangrur district. His parents died while he was young and subsequently, Singh’s uncle sent him and his elder brother to live in the Central Khalsa Orphanage in Amritsar in 1907, where they were both given new names. In 1917, tragedy again struck when his brother Mukt Singh died of an unknown disease. Having grown up in the early decades of the 20th century, he was heavily influenced by political events in Punjab such as the Komagata Maru incident of 1914 and the Ghadar Party’s uprising of 1914-16. 12minutestoclat.com 19 12 Minutes to CLAT Current Affairs Compendium – July 2024 He was a young boy of 20 when he witnessed General Dyer’s madness at Jallianwala Bagh as he fired upon a group of innocent, unarmed people. Th is PD The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre: F be lo The arrest of Dr Satya Pal and Dr Saifuddin Kitchlew on April, 10, 1919, under the Rowlatt ng s Act on connection with Satyagraha, caused serious unrest in Punjab. to IP p Rowlatt Act- The Act empowered the government to arrest and detain Indian citizens Yk 1 without trial, sparking widespread protests and agitation across the nation. (a m an It was in this climate of unrest that a public gathering was organized at Jallianwala Bagh, a garden ch a in Amritsar, to protest against the Act and express solidarity with the leaders arrested under its ub ey provisions. 27 6@ Among the attendees were men, women, and children, many of whom had come to celebrate the gm ai spring festival of Baisakhi. The gathering was peaceful and nonviolent. l.c om Unbeknownst to the protestors, Brigadier General Reginald Dyer, on the command of the then ,7 70 Lieutenant Governor, Michael O’ Dwyer, had decided to quell the gathering by force. 58 48 As the protesters assembled, Dyer marched into Jallianwala Bagh with fifty armed soldiers and, 92 5) without warning, ordered them to open fire indiscriminately on the crowd. As a result, hundreds of men, women and children were killed and more than 1200 were wounded. The then government of India ordered an investigation of the incident (the Hunter Commission), which in 1920 censured Dyer for his actions and ordered him to resign from the military. The incident became one of the causes of the non- cooperation movement, 1920. After the incident, Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore renounced the knighthood that he had received in 1915. Mahatma Gandhi renounced the Kesar-i-Hind that he was awarded in 1915 by Lord Hardings. In 1922, the infamous Rowlett Act was repealed by the British. The central government set up the Jallianwala Bagh National Memorial Trust on May 1, 1951 under the chairmanship of the Prime Minister. The Jallianwala Bagh complex was opened by then President Dr Rajendra Prasad on April 13, 1961, as a tribute to the victims of the massacre. The renovated complex was inaugurated in 2021. 12minutestoclat.com 20 12 Minutes to CLAT Current Affairs Compendium – July 2024 Udham Singh along with his mates from the orphanage were there to distribute water among the attendees. As Dwyer fired upon the group, all his other friends from the orphanage died. Th is PD F be The Assassination: lo ng s to The Jallianwala Bagh massacre was a turning point in his life, and he resolved to take revenge. IP p Deeply influenced by the activities of Bhagat Singh, he got involved in the Ghadar Party in 1924. Yk 1 (a For the next few years he travelled abroad and organised Indian revolutionaries overseas to overthrow colonial rule. m an After he returned to India in 1927 with a supply of ammunition on the orders of Bhagat Singh, he was arrested and ch a sentenced to five years in prison. ub ey 27 Upon his release in 1931, although he was under constant surveillance of the Punjab Police, he managed to escape to 6@ Germany and from there to London in 1934 where he worked as an engineer. gm ai All this while, Udham Singh was making plans to assassinate O’Dwyer. l.c om In 1939, as the Second World War started out, he saw in the crisis an opportunity to overthrow the Raj. ,7 70 Reportedly, a few days before this party Udham Singh had been to the India Office where he saw a poster announcing a 58 48 joint meeting of the East India Association and the Royal Central Asian Society. 92 5) The Royal Central Asian Society was an independent body formed in 1901 to promote a greater understanding of Central Asia and the surrounding regions. Over the years, it had come to cover the entire region of Asia and by 1940 was regularly meeting for fortnightly meetings in the Tudor Room at Caxton Hall. O’Dwyer was listed as one of the speakers for the meeting on March 13. When Udham Singh saw the poster, he made up his mind to attend it and stage a protest with revolver shots. The meeting started at 3 PM and was attended by about 450 people.