1.2Introduction-to-Robotics.pdf

Introduction to Robotics Joseph F. Morco https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/robotics-introduction Robotics Robotics is a branch of engineering and science that includes electronic engineering, mechanical engineering, and computer science and so on. This branch deals with the design, cons...

Introduction to Robotics Joseph F. Morco https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/robotics-introduction Robotics Robotics is a branch of engineering and science that includes electronic engineering, mechanical engineering, and computer science and so on. This branch deals with the design, construction, use to control robots, sensory feedback and information processing. Robotics Robotics is a branch of engineering that deals with conception, design, operation, and manufacturing or robots History There was an author named Isaac Asimov, he said that he was the first person to give robotics name in a short story composed in 1940’s. In that story, Issac suggested three principles about how to guided these types of robotic machines. Three Laws of Robotics Robots will never harm human beings Robots will follow instructions given by human without breaking law one. Robots will protect themselves without breaking other rules. Robotics 270BC An ancient Greek engineer name Ctesibius made organs and water clocks with movable figures. 1818 Mary Shelley wrote “Frankenstein” which was about a frightening artificial lifeform created by Dr. Frankenstein. 1921 The term “robot” was first used in a play called “R.U.R.” or Rossum’s Universal Robots by the Czeck writer Karel Capek. The plot was simple: man makes robot then robot kills man! 1942 Asimov wrote “Runaround”, a story about robots which contained the “Three Laws of Robotics”. 1948 “Cybernetics”, an influence on artificial intelligence research, was published by Norbert Wiener. 1956 George Devol and Joseph Engerberger formed the world’s first robot company in Ewing Township, New jerssy. 1959 Computer-assisted manufacturing was demonstrated at the Servomechanisms Lab at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). 1961 The first industrial robot was activated on the assembly line in a General Motors automobile factory in New Jersey. (Unimate) 1960’s Stanford Research Institute. SHAKEY: robot that already incorporated tactile sensors and a vision camera. It could move on the ground, thanks to two computers (one on board and one remote) that were connected by radio. 1970’s MARS-ROVER: platform that integrated a mechanical arm, proximity sensors, a laser telemetry device and stereo cameras. It was developed by NASA to explore hostile or unknown terrain. 1980’s and 1990’s The development of Artificial Intelligence. The application of that AI brings to robotics, and thus to the industrial sector, are infinitely more valuable and more profitable that winning chess games. Advantages of AI Increased accuracy. Improved decision making (especially in the face of obstacles). Predictive maintenance. 2000 Sony unveiled the Sony Dream Robots (SDR) at Robodex SDR was able to recognized 10 different faces, expresses emotion through speech and body language, and can walk on flat as wellas irregular sufraces. 2001 iRobot Packbots searched through the rubble of the World Trade Center. Subsequent versions of the Packbot robots are used in Afghanistan and Iraq. MD Robotics of Canada built the Space Station Remote Manipulator System (SSRMS). It was successfully launched and worked to assemble the International Space Station. 2002 Honda created the Advanced Step in Innovation Mobility (ASIMO). It was intended to be a personal assistant. It recognizes its owner’s face, voice and name. Can read email and is capable of streaming video from the camera of a PC.  2003 As part of their mission to explore Mars, NASA launched twin robotic rovers on June 10 and July 7, 2003 called Spirit and Sojourner. RobotShop Distribution Inc. was founded to provide today’s society with domestic and professional robot technology that can help increase the pleasure, knowledge, liberty and security of individuals. 2005 The Future of Robots Increasing sophisticated machines may populate our world, but for robots to be really useful, they’ll have to become more self- sufficient. After all, it would be impossible to program a home robot with the instructions for gripping each and every object it ever might encounter. You want it to learn on its own, and that it where advances in artificial intelligence come in. https://www.wired.com/story/wired-guide-to-robots/  Today’s Exercises: Write a short article about the future of robotics 10 years from now.