Pharmacodynamics Workbook PDF

Pharmacodynamics Lesson 1 & 2 Pharmacokinetics explains the effect our body has on drugs Pharmacodynamics explains the effect trus here on our body The biophase, otherwise known as the effect site , is the s...

Pharmacodynamics Lesson 1 & 2 Pharmacokinetics explains the effect our body has on drugs Pharmacodynamics explains the effect trus here on our body The biophase, otherwise known as the effect site , is the specific area of the body where the drug engages its receptor. This is the domain of Pharmacobiophasics The dose-response curve illustrates the relationship between the drug dose and its clinical effects. Label and explain the diagram. efficacy ⇔:# slope - ed 50 This curve displays the relationshit between the drug dose & its clinical effect Potency log [lose] Potency is defined as the dose required to achieve a given clinical effect. ED 50 ED 90 are measures of potency. Measures of potency are ED 50+90 Left-shifted dose-response curve → This indicates higher potency & thus a lower required dose to achive ED 50.This also indicates an increase affinity for the receptor Right-shifted dose-response curve → Lower recetor affinity/Lower potency, higher fose for ED5O&ED9O Effigy is the ability of a drug to elicit a given clinical effect. The of the plateau on the y -axis represents efficacy. Once a drug dose reaches maximum efficacy, additional administration of the drug increases the risk of Toxicity ©2023 APEX Anesthesia Review All rights reserved You may use this workbook for personal use only. Duplicating, reproducing, selling or distributing this content or any content from www.apexanesthesia.com is a violation of our terms of service and strictly prohibited. Pharmacodynamics Lesson 2 & 3 The Slope of the dose-response curve tells us how many receptors must be occupied to elicit a clinical effect. A steep slope implies that most of the receptors must be occupied before we observe the clinical response. Individual variability is defined as differences between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics between patients. Label the image and include examples. agonist partial agonist Antagonist Inverse agonist A full agonist instructs the receptor to produce its Maximal response. Examples Norepi, dopamine, propofol, alferteril A Partial agonist is only capable of partially activating a cellular response. Different drugs may produce the same clinical effect, but each may require a different dose to do so. This is a difference in efficacy Continuous administration of an agonist may cause town regulation of the target receptors. An Antagonist binds to a receptor and prevents an agonist from binding to it. It does not tell the cell to do anything. Competitive antagonism is reversible The dose-response curve for the agonist shifts to the Right If a patient receives a competitive antagonist, the dose- response curve for the agonist shifts to the Light ©2023 APEX Anesthesia Review All rights reserved You may use this workbook for personal use only. Duplicating, reproducing, selling or distributing this content or any content from www.apexanesthesia.com is a violation of our terms of service and strictly prohibited.  Pharmacodynamics Lesson 3 & 4 Noncompetitive antagonism is not reversible. They shift the dose-response curve for the agonist town , so that it resembles a partial asonist The effects of a noncompetitive antagonist can only be reversed by producing new receptors An inverse agonist binds to the receptor and causes an opposite effect to that of a full agonist. It has negative efficacy Propofol, Midazolam Synergism: Effects of 2 truss given at Example: the same time is greater th"the sum of their individual effects 1 + 1 = 3 Levodopa + Carbidops Addition: The effect of 2 drugs g iven at Example:Morphine, hydromorphone He same time are added together 1 + 1=2 Aspirin, Ibuprofen Potentiation: The effect of one drug is enhanced Example: Pericilin + proberecit by a drug that has ∅ effect on its own 1+0=3 Antagonism: Simultaneous admin of one trug Example: Midas flumaz-nil negates the effects of the other (+1=0 Fentanyl + naloxone The ED 50 is the dose that produces the expected clinical response in 50% of the population. The LD 56 is the dose that produces death in 50% of the population. The TD 50 is the dose that produces toxicity in 50% of the population. The The repentic index is a measure of drug safety. It's the ratio between the TD 50 & the ED 50 ©2023 APEX Anesthesia Review All rights reserved You may use this workbook for personal use only. Duplicating, reproducing, selling or distributing this content or any content from www.apexanesthesia.com is a violation of our terms of service and strictly prohibited. Pharmacodynamics Lesson 5 Chirality is the tetrahedral bonding of carbon (carbon binding to 4 different atoms). Enantiomers are chiral molecules that are non-superimposable mirror images of one another. Receptors that are stereospecific may respond differently to different enantiomers. R and S enantiomers are Mirror images of each other. List several examples. Ketamine, isoflurane, morphic A Racemic mixture contains two enantiomers in equal amounts. List some examples of racemic mixtures. Epi, Ketamine, is of/urine Des flume,thiopental. methole xital, mepiricaine, prilocaine, Bupivacaine Morphine, methadone, Ibuprofen keto raki Why is levobupivacaine less cardiotoxic than bupivacaine? Do to its lower affinity for the inactivated state ofthe Cardiac Na Channel. ©2023 APEX Anesthesia Review All rights reserved You may use this workbook for personal use only. Duplicating, reproducing, selling or distributing this content or any content from www.apexanesthesia.com is a violation of our terms of service and strictly prohibited.