1.1 Chemistry in Living Things PDF

1.1 - Chemistry in Living Things All living things are made up primary of these six elements:1. 2. carbon 3. hydrogen...

1.1 - Chemistry in Living Things All living things are made up primary of these six elements:1. 2. carbon 3. hydrogen nitrogen CHNOPS 4. 5. Oxygen phosphorous 6. sulfur These atoms bond together to form molecules which make up the structures of life. The molecules react with each other in different ways in all biological processes: ex. cellular respirations, photosynthesis, digestion, etc. Biochemistry is the study of the activity and properties of biologically important molecules. Important Properties of Water and it’s Interactions Water is a ___________________ compound. It makes up about µÉ.mg 60% of your molecular body. It is also a ____________ molecule. This polar means that the negatively charged electrons are not shared evenly between all of the atoms of the molecule. The oxygen is more electronegative meaning that it attracts the electrons close to it giving the molecule a slightly negative side (the oxygen side) and a slightly positive side (the hydrogen side). This results in a phenomenon known as ______________________ to occur between the water hydrogen bonding molecules. t.ie Other biological molecules interact with water differently because of this property. They can be either ___________________ (“water-fearing”) or ___________________ (“water-loving”). In the boxes below draw a diagram to illustrate these two relationships: hydrophobic hydrophilic Nat Ci 1H 14H Iiii Nonpolar nocharge positive negativecharge ionic orpolarcovalent 3 Organic Molecules Your body is made up of organic molecules with a carbon and hydrogen backbone (hydrocarbons). The other four important atoms (oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus) come into play in the _______________________. function groups These are atoms or groups of atoms that give the molecules particular properties that make them good for specific functions. Biologically Important Functional Groups: Functional Group Properties Structural Formula Found In polar Carbohydrates, proteins, Hydroxyl hydrophilic R OH nucleic acids, lipids Alcohols Slightlypolar s Carbonyl hydrophilic R É H Carbohydrates, nucleic acids sugars verypolar Carboxyl hydrophilic R É OH Proteins, lipids acidic Acids Polar Amine hydrophilic Proteins, nucleic acids p n basic H Slightly polar Sulfhydryl hydrophilic R SH Proteins cross linking Negatively Phosphate charged Polar R O Fo Nucleic acids hydrophilic ATP 4 Practice: 1. Identifying functional groups: carboxyl hydroxyl Conclusions we can make about this molecule: amine Amino acid phosphate Conclusions we can make about this molecule: a carboxyl no H hydrophilic phospholipid carbonyl longcarbon hydrogenchain Conclusions we can make about this molecule: Amino acid 2. In your own words, describe why water and oil don’t mix. oil is a hydrophobic compound it is non polar and uncharged Therefore it is not attracted to water and the molecules separate whilebeingattracted to their ownkind Read pages 18-24 to prepare for the next couple of lessons. 5