Social Science Notes PDF - 10th Spotlight

SSLC SOCIAL SCIENCE NOTES PART-1 & 2 Discover the ultimate study companion with Complete Notes, meticulously organized to cover every essential aspect of social science subject Perfect for quick reference, it reduces the burden of extensive reading, helping you focus on what...

SSLC SOCIAL SCIENCE NOTES PART-1 & 2 Discover the ultimate study companion with Complete Notes, meticulously organized to cover every essential aspect of social science subject Perfect for quick reference, it reduces the burden of extensive reading, helping you focus on what truly matters praveenbanakar.blogspot.com  Preface This study material is thoughtfully designed to serve as a comprehensive guide for students studying social science under the Karnataka State Examination and Assessment Board (KSEAB). It aims to simplify learning and make the subject more accessible and engaging for students while also serving as a valuable resource for teachers. By closely aligning with the prescribed textbooks, this material emphasizes core concepts that are pivotal to mastering the subject. Understanding the challenges students often face in grasping intricate ideas, this guide simplifies complex topics into easily understandable segments. Key terms and concepts are highlighted to draw attention to crucial aspects, ensuring that learners can focus on the most significant parts of the syllabus. Additionally, specific lines and phrases from the textbooks are underlined, making it easier for students to identify and recall important points. This approach is particularly helpful for application-based questions, which require not just rote learning but also the ability to apply knowledge in various contexts. A special emphasis has been placed on critical elements of the syllabus, such as historical names, dates, reasons behind events, significant wars, and application-oriented concepts. These aspects often form the foundation of questions in the KSEAB board exams, and a clear understanding of them is essential for excelling in the subject. The material encourages students to connect historical events, analyze reasons behind significant developments, and comprehend their relevance in a broader context. This reference material is not only a tool for academic success but also an effort to nurture a deeper appreciation for the subject. It aims to build confidence in students, helping them approach their exams with clarity and ease. For teachers, it provides a structured resource that aligns with the curriculum, facilitating effective teaching and meaningful interactions with students. I sincerely hope that this study material proves to be a valuable companion in your academic journey, supporting both esteemed educators and diligent students in achieving their goals. May it inspire confidence, foster understanding, and lead to outstanding results in the KSEAB board examinations. Praveenakumar Banakar MA Bed KSET  Marthanda Varma: 1729-1758 (3mark) 1. ADVENT OF EUROPEANS TO INDIA (How did Marthanda Varma fought against Dutch?) He ruled from 1729 to 1758 and saved from the Trade and commerce relationships between surrounding rulers as well as foreigners. India and Europe are very ancient. He made this as a great Kingdom among all. There was a great demand for spices in He stood against the foreigners Europe like pepper,cardamom,ginger,Cumin and clove. Occupied pepper growing areas Constantinople was a centre of European He defeated Dutch and captured trade, The Gate of European trade. Nedamangala,Kottarakara Trading centers Arab merchants got monopoly over Asian He shifted capital Padmanabha pura to trade while Italy had monopoly over European Thiruvananthapuram. trade. He decided to root out Dutch from India Marthanda Varma's army strongly sent it back. The fall of Constantinople: 2 mark The Dutch suffered huge losses. Asia and Europe trade was taking place Cochin was recognized as a centre of spice trade through Constantinople during the period of Marthanda Varma It was captured by Ottoman Turks in 1453 and Finally Dutch forces surrendered on 15th August controlled 1753. Turks started to levy more taxes on goods ”The rise of the English in India and the acquisition of pass through the islands of South-East Asia by the Dutch were the Traders felt trade is not profitable and stopped factors for the decline of the Dutch power in India” business English: Spain and Portugal encouraged sailing to search route to India Queen Elizabeth issued a Royal charter to East The inventions of compass, Astrolabe, Gunpowder India Company to trade for 15 years. It was and map provided further boost to sailing (Which issued on December 31st 1600 CE factors led the discovery of new sea route to Emperor Jahangir issued Royal permission to India?) establish Factory at Surat Sir Thomas Roe arrived at Jahangir's Court 1617 A new sea route to INDIA: by James first. Got permission to establish Vasco da Gama came to India in 1498. He reached factories at Agra Ahmedabad and Broach India on the West Coast particular place Calicut They took Madras from Chandragiri Kings and present Kerala state. He left Lisbon and directly established Saint George Fort reached Kappadu, India. Charles II the prince of England gave Bombay to East India company in 1668 for an annual rent 10 European companies: pounds Portuguese - Portugal English purchased villages ie Sutanati, Kalikata, Dutch - Holland. United East India company Govindapura and build Fort William Fort at French - France. French east India company Calcutta English - England. English east India company By 17th century Bombay Madras Kolkata Portuguese: became important presidencies The first to reach India last to leave India Francisco De Almeida was the first Viceroy of French: Portuguese he brought in Blue Water policy They started their first Factory at Surat in 1668. Alfonso De Albuquerque was the real founder Machilipatnam chandranagar Mahi Karaikal of Portuguese capture of Goa from Sultan of kasimbazar Balasore. Bijapur in 1510. They took Valikandapuram major Trade center Goa was the administrative centre in India (Pondicherry) Portuguese cover declared after the English Dupleix was the Governor General of French and French The competition between English and French: The rise and decline of Dutch Reason: ❖ They are from Holland or Netherland they Political Uprising aroused in Hyderabad and established United East India Company in the Carnatic and English and French had exploited 1602 the situation this led to Carnatic wars ❖ Their important warehouses are Surat Brooch The Portuguese and the Dutch had withdrawn Kambe Kochi Nagapattinam Machilipatnam from India 1 Page praveenbanakar.blogspot.com  First Carnatic War 1746 to 48 Outcomes: Madras was captured by La Bourdannais a What are the results of Battle of Plassey? military leader of Mauritius on the request of ❖ The war brought out the immorality and lack of Dupleix Unity among Indians. The helpless British request the help of Anwar ❖ Mir Jafar became the new Nawab of Bengal Uddin the Carnatic Nawab. He fail to defeat ❖ The company gained exclusive rights on Bengal French ❖ Mir Jafar had to pay 17 crore 70 lakh as a relief Bourdannais took money from British and to Sairaj Uddoul attack returned Madras back to British ❖ Mir Jafar became the victim of the company and This war ended with Treaty of Aix la Chapelle the treasury went bankrupt. 2. Second Carnatic War 1749-54 Battle of Buxar: 1764 ❖ French made Salabath Jung son of Asaf Jha Mir Qasim was an able administrator. Nizam of Hyderabad. Bussi was appointed to He was loyal to the company, spared 200000 protect him pounds and some places were given to the ❖ Chanda sahib was Nawab of Carnatic with the company. support of French He declared himself as an independent king. ❖ Chanda Sahib defeated by Robert clive Declared business duty free in Bengal as a result Undertaken Arcot the capital of Carnatic Indians competed against the British so trade ❖ English made Muhammad Ali as Nawab of suffered. Carnatic. The war was ended with Consequently, British started to oppose him Pondicherry treaty Alliance: Mir Qasim +Shah Alam II +Nawab of Awadh against 3. Third Carnatic War 1756-63: 2mark British Hectare Monroe (What are the results of Third Carnatic war?) ❖ Comte de lally attempted to capture Outcomes: 3 mark wandiwash in 1760 What are the results of Battle of Buxar? ❖ Sir Eyer Coote of English defeated French ❖ Shah Alam II accorded Diwani rights over Bengal. and Bussi was jailed. Eyre Coot attacked Diwani means Right to collect tax Pondicherry ❖ He gave away all rights over Bengal for an annual ❖ French lost all the places in India fee 26 lakh rupees ❖ This war ended with Treaty of Paris in 1763 ❖ The Nawab of Oudh had to give a fine of 50 lakh ❖ Pondicherry returned back to French, They rupees for waging war lost importance in India ❖ The company paid pension to Mir Jafar son ❖ British consolidated their power in India. ❖ took over entire administration of Bengal Battle of Plassey 1757 ❖ British became real holders of Bihar Bengal and This war held between Siraj Ud dowla and English in Orissa 1757 What is Dual Govt? Reasons: ❖ Robert Clive brought in Dual government concept, (What are the reasons for the Battle of Plassey?) “the British had the right to collect land taxes 1. Misuse of Dastaks. It was a license to make trade. whereas the Nawab had power over This led to loss of treasury of Bengal. administration issues like justice and others 2.Mending of the fort without permission. English ❖ British gain political control over India repaired Calcutta Fort and placed cannons ❖ 3.Black room tragedy. Nawab of Bengal imprisoned 146 Englishmenin a small room of Fort William of which 123 died due to suffocation, this enraged Robert Clive to arrive in Bengal. ❖ Robert Clive attracted rich locals like Manik Chand, Nemichand, Jagath Seth and others towards him. ❖ He was successful in convincing Mir Jaffar, the military head of Siraj-ud-Daula to stay neutral in the battle by offering him the post of Nawab of Bengal. ❖ Encouraged by these developments, Robert Clive declared a war against Siraj-ud-Daula on June 23rd, 1757. Everything went according to the plan of Clive 2 Page praveenbanakar.blogspot.com  affairs and Peshwa signed for the subsidiary Alliance this war and with Treaty of Basin. 2. THE EXTENSION OF BRITISH RULE ❖ Lord Wellesley resigned from his post because his battle thirstiness led to financial burden of the company British got complete political control over Bengal after the Plassey and Buxar Battles Third Anglo Maratha war 1817 to 1818: 2 mark Haider Ali and Tipu Sultan of Mysore along with ❖ Maratha family strived their best protect their peshwas of Maratha War the only impediments in the Independence and honors. path of expansion. British controlled various kingdoms ❖ Peshwa attempted to come from British control through policies like subsidiary alliance and Doctrine ❖ Peshwa attacked British Residency in Pune and of lapse burnt out. First Anglo Maratha war 1775 to 1782: ❖ Appasaheb of Nagpur, Malhar Rao Holkar ❖ Marathas instilled Shah Alam II back on the rebelled against British rule Throne of Delhi What are the results of Third Anglo Maratha war? ❖ Shah Alam II was under the care of British after ❖ Finally Bajirao II fought against British at Buxar battle Koregaon and Ashti later surrendered ❖ Alam II gave Khora and Allahabad to Marathas, ❖ British abolished Peshwa post, Bajirao II got this resulted in enmity between Marathas and pension, Pratap Sinha,the descendant of Shivaji British as the new ruler of Satara. ❖ The death of Madhavrao Peshwa was major ❖ It finally suppressed Maratha resistance in India. setback to Marathas ❖ Narayan Rao brother of Madhavrao came to Anglo Sikh Wars: power but soon murdered by Raghoba uncle of ❖ Political anarchy broke out in Punjab after the Narayana Rao death of Ranjit Singh in 1839 ❖ Maratha Federation brought Madhavrao II as the ❖ British attempted to capture and violated the Peshwa hence Raghoba approached British for friendship pact of 1809. This led to the war in support and lead to the war 1845 ❖ Maratas lost Allahabad and ended with the ❖ British and Punjab King signed for Lahore Salbai agreement.Madhavrao II was named as agreement in 1846.British resident became de Peshwa facto ruler of Punjab hence Punjab came under the company Lord Wellesley 1798 to 1805: ❖ Sikh opposed British rule in Punjab the position Subsidiary Alliance: led by chattar Singh Attariwala in Lahore and This policy brought into effect by Wellesley in 1798 Moolraj in Multan. It was in order to bring control over Indian states. ❖ Finally, Lord Dalhousie merged the state of It is a military protection agreement between Punjab with British Empire British and Indian states. Dalhousie and Doctrine of lapse: 2 mark Conditions of subsidiary Alliance: 3mark ❖ He arrived to India as governor general in 1848 How were the native kings of India controlled by to integrate Indian princely states with company British subsidiary alliance policy? ❖ Adopted Doctrine of lapse policy, Indian kings ❖ Indian king had to keep British army refused of their right to Throne ❖ The concerned state had to pay the Army ❖ If any Indian ruler dies without children their wage of soldiers adopted children had no legal right over the ❖ The king has to have British resident. Throne ❖ The king could not appoint any other ❖ Due to the implementation of this policy Princely European in the court of the king families and ordinary people Rebelled, this was ❖ The permission of governor general is finally resulted in Sepoy mutiny of 1857. mandatory for any agreement ❖ Satara, Nagpur, Sambalpur, Udaipur,and Jaipur ❖ Company would offer protection to the states came under the policy. ❖ Hyderabad state was the first to enter this agreement later Mysore,Thanjavur ,Pune and Gwalior. Second Anglo Maratha war 1803 to 1805: ❖ The differences about the Maratha chieftains were the reason for this war ❖ The war broke out between Vishwanath Rao of Holkar ,Daulat Rao Scindia, Peshwa Balaji Rao II ❖ The Army of Holkar defeated Scindia and 3 Peshwa hence Peshwa sought the help of Page British, Lord Wellesley entered in the Maratha praveenbanakar.blogspot.com  ❖ In 1902 the police commission law allowed suitable education qualification for the post. 3. THE IMPACT OF BRITISH RULE IN INDIA 4. Military system: ❖ “The military was base of the administration British East India Company fulfilled commercial British appointed Indians and took control of needs. They observed a fractured Political situation. India with the help of military” The implemented divide and rule policy and employed ❖ protected their supremacy by addressing the war and negotiation method challenges posed by outside as well as inside The British integrated whole India under one forces with the help of the military. Administration and political structure ❖ The Indians could not reach even the rank of Education, Judiciary land Tax, trade and agriculture Subedar most Indians were Coolie soldiers. were regulated under various laws. ❖ The British government accepted the The company implemented various administrative recommendations of Peel in 1857and the experiments to achieve new order in India. military system was redesigned. Administrative and judicial system: 5. Land taxes and policies: 3 mark Civil services: British implemented land tax policies to stabilize ❖ Lord Cornwallis introduced civil services in financial interest in a secured manner. Company paid India and appointed employees for the four lakh pound to British government as they had purpose of trade. control over Bengal. ❖ Government of England implemented regulating act in 1773 to bring control over Permanent zamindari system: corrupt employees ❖ Lord Cornwallis implemented in 1793 in Bengal ❖ In 1800 Lord Cornwallis open the Fort William and Bihar region college in Kolkata for Aspiring to join civil ❖ Zamindar was the landowner and expected to services pay land tax ❖ In 1853 onwards appointment was done ❖ Zamindar was free to collect any amount of tax through examinations and retained money collected ❖ British suspected the efficiency of Indians so ❖ Companies have the right to cancel land Lord Cornwallis argued “All the natives of ownership if Zamindar fail to pay tax during Hindustan are completely corrupt”. Later lower floods and famine. grade jobs work given to Indians. ❖ Company greatly benefited. farmers were grave 2. The judicial system: sufferers ❖ Mughal emperor Shah Alam II handed over ❖ Farmers were exploited and led insecure life. Diwani rights authority to collect land taxes ❖ The system extended to Orissa Andhra Pradesh ❖ The dual government system was introduced and Varanasi by Robert Clive in which British managed the ❖ The Indian farmers were born in debt lived in revenue collected. Civil and Judiciary system debt and died in debt - Charles Metcalfe was given to Indians; this led to b. Mahalwari system: implementation of a new judicial system in ❖ It was implemented by RM Beard and James India. Thompson ❖ Warren Hastings took administration in 1772 ❖ It was implemented in Madhya Pradesh Punjab as first governor and devised two type of Delhi and Uttar Pradesh courts , ❖ Company officials fixed more land tax. a) Diwani Adalat- Civil Court ❖ marginal farmers and Labour suffered when b) Nijamat Adalat- Criminal Court Zamindar lost their land. ❖ Hindus and Muslims were dispensed justice ❖ Mahaldar service tax collecting offices, Mahal as per Hindu scripture and Shariat means Taluk respectively c. Ryotwari system: ❖ Civil courts were under European offices and Explain the features of Ryotwari system criminal courts under Qajis ❖ It was implemented by Alexander Read in 1792 3. Police system: in the Baramahal region. Later it was ❖ Lord Cornwallis implemented the official police implemented by Thomas Munro in the 1801 in system and he created new post Madras Mysore region superintendent of police ❖ Both former and companies are directly linked. ❖ He divided district administration Centre Tiller was the owner of the land Kotwal and every village under chaukidar ❖ Owner had to pay 50% of produce as land tax ❖ Due to severe drought in 1770 led to weak law and it was the tenure of 30 years and order in India the police system came ❖ Formers subjected to more suffering due to under British officer heavy tax ❖ Department of British magistrates started in 4 ❖ officials to take punitive actions to collect taxes 1781 and in 1861 police law was implemented Page praveenbanakar.blogspot.com  ❖ Farmers had to borrow money from lenders to ❖ The Bengal Presidency got control over Madras pay tax when crop was failed and Bombay ❖ More farmers had to lose their land due to this ❖ The governor general come to the post in place system. of governor Impact of British land tax system: 3mark ❖ Governor general authorized to control supervise What are the effects of British Land tax system? presidencies ❖ A new class of zamindars was created. ❖ Bombay Madras Presidency cannot declare War ❖ Zamindars became landless. on anyone without permission of Bengal ❖ Land became a commodity. ❖ The Supreme Court of judicature came to ❖ loans could be raised by mortgage of land existence in Kolkata. Having one chief justice ❖ Many zamindars had to mortgage their land to and three judges pay land tax ❖ The agricultural sector became commercialized, 2. Pitt's India Act: 1784 and farmers had to grow raw materials needed ❖ In order to rectify inconsistencies in regulating for England factories act 1773 and to outline powers of company the ❖ Money lenders became strong. Act was implemented ❖ A new Board of controllers came to being and it The modern education system: was replaced by board of directors ❖ Lord William Bentinck appointed Lord ❖ It was declared that Indians have attended the Macaulay as the member of Executive Paramount power in the name of British Empire committee and chairperson of education only but not on their own. committee ❖ It curtailed political rights of Indians Lord Macaulay submitted a report on education in ❖ Declared possessions of company are the 1835. Aim- creation of new class of Indians who are integral part of British Empire Indians by body but British in intelligence opinion and taste Charter acts: Lord Dalhousie established universities in Charter acts aim to renew the license of East India Calcutta,Bombay, Madras according to Company. Charters implemented once in 20 years Charles wood Commission 1854. Charter act 1813: The impact of British Education in India: 3 mark ❖ This act licensed the company to stay for 20 Explain the impacts of British education system years. And allowed interested people to carry out in India? trade in India. The Free trade Era has started. ❖ Development of modernity secularism ❖ A new era of license started democratic attitude ❖ Appointment of governor generals started ❖ Increased local literature language ❖ Churches were allowed to enter India officially. ❖ Emerged periodicals Missionaries have arrived in India to carry out ❖ New social and religious Reform movement education development. started ❖ English education system started in India. ❖ Brought fresh thinking in young minds by JS ❖ This act is also known as Historic act mill, Rousseau and Montesquieu Charter act 1833: ❖ Indians were influenced by freedom struggles ❖ Improve the Indian situation was the aim of this of other countries act ❖ Indian could understand and appreciate their ❖ Bengal Governor General named as governor rich tradition general of India ❖ Created a new generation of Indians with ❖ Governor general was vested power to control progressive attitude trade Constitutional development: Along with the British ❖ Central Government of Bengal had final right to administration, problems also grew in India. In order decide war, peace and diplomatic relationships to alleviate the problems, reformation in ❖ The act barred discrimination on religious skin administration became important. And these and birth reformations needed to address the demands of ❖ Governor general mandated to appoint law Indians. professionals to his executive committee Regulating act 1773: 3 mark ❖ All British companies were allowed to have ❖ The greedy company officials misused Diwani trade relationship in India rights and became corrupt. British government acts -1858 to 1947 ❖ To control the East India Company the Act was Indian government act 1858 implemented. ❖ The license of company was cancelled India ❖ Edmund Burke British parliamentarian and was brought under administration of Queen criticized the tax payment received by England ❖ Governor general changed as Viceroy Lord 5 Government and company termed as criminal Canning was the first viceroy of India Page tax praveenbanakar.blogspot.com  ❖ A new post secretary of state for India created in British Parliament 4. OPPOSITION TO BRITISH RULE AND ❖ Council of India created to assist secretary in WODEYARS OF MYSORE administration 2. Indian Council act 1861 Exploitation on Indian Kings created insecurities. The ❖ Indians were allowed in participation and local King suffered, as a result a rebellion against creating laws British happened. Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan put forth ❖ This is the “policy of assertion” in order to a strong opposition to British understand aspirations of Indians and representation MYSORE WODEYARS -1399-1947 ❖ Indian nominated for Council of Viceroy Hadinadu near Mysore was ruled by Chamaraja ❖ Viceroy authorized to proclaim ordinances in He died without any sons case of emergencies Dalavoy Maranayaka administered Hadinadu 3. Indian Council act 1892 He demanded princess in marriage, nobody ❖ Further extended participation of Indians in agreed for it Legislative bodies Yaduraya and Krishnaraya came to Mysore and ❖ Regional and Central legislation was created help Maharani and killed Maranayaka ❖ The legislature Council for the increased Maharani gave her daughter in marriage to them. ❖ Provision was made to question government Thus Wodeyars of mysore dynasty started on public issues ❖ Founders-Yaduraya and krishnaraya 4. Indian Council act 1909: Raja WODEYAR ❖ It is also called as Minto Morley reforms act ❖ Expanded Kingdom into large Mysore ❖ Minto was the viceroy Marley was his ❖ Made his capital srirangapatna secretary ❖ Revive the temples in Mysore and srirangapatna ❖ This act used to divide and rule India ❖ Rajamudi the crown offer to cheluva Narayana ❖ Central Legislative Council strength decrease Swamy 16 from 60 ❖ Started Navratri festival ❖ Regional Council members increased ❖ Act allowed regional Council members Chikka Devaraja wodeyar. 3mark through election for representation Explain the achievements of Chikkadevaraja ❖ Separate electorate college was created to Wodeyar? provide representation for Muslims ❖ efficient soldier and administrator ❖ Checked innovation of Shivaji 5. Indian Council act 1919: ❖ Captured magadi and madhugiri ❖ It is also called as Montague Chelmsford ❖ Purchased Bengaluru from Mughal reforms ❖ Titles- Karnataka Kavi Chakravarthy ❖ Formulated bicameral system like lower house ❖ Apratima Veera, Tenkana Raja, Nava koti and Upper house Narayana ❖ Diarchy was allowed at regional governments ❖ He started Athara kacheri and postal system ❖ High commissioner was appointed for India ❖ Constructed dam across river Kaveri ❖ Local self-government was improve ❖ Constructed chik Deva Raja and Dodda devaraja ❖ Provincial budget separated from Central canal budget ❖ Patronized poets - Thirumalarya,Sanchi ❖ Electoral college was extended for Sikh Honnamma Europeans and Anglo Indians “In Indian History the 18th century was 6. Indian government act 1935: 3mark considered as “The century of political What are the features of Indian Govt act 1935? problems.” 3mak ❖ “It is the base of formation of Indian Constitution” The report was submitted in 1928 by Motilal The death of Aurangzeb, the Mughal emperor in Nehru. Most the provisions in our constitution are 1707 based on this act Mughal lost political control over South India. ❖ Federal system Indian principalities introduce. A lot of political struggles took place in Carnatic Dominion status was formed region. ❖ Reserve Bank of India was established British tightened their political grip over India. ❖ Diarchy established and Central Government India underwent many political transitions. ❖ Diarchy cancelled at regional level and autonomy The native rulers opposed British in many was granted ways. ❖ The Federal Court was established Hyder Ali: How did Hyder Ali come to power? ❖ Hyder Ali soon became popular in using arms and experiments. 6 ❖ He undertook the invasion of the forces by Page active military operations and praveenbanakar.blogspot.com  ❖ suppressed Dalvoys. ❖ Tipu Sultan captured Baramahal and ❖ He imprisoned Krishna Raja Wodeyar II and Sathyamangalam kept him under house arrest and took over the ❖ Lord Cornwallis captured Kolar Hoskote power. Bangalore and sought the help of Marath Nizam First Anglo Mysore war: 1767- 69 to defeat Tipu Sultan ❖ The prominence gain by Hyder Ali was not ❖ Maratha captured savanur, Gajendragadh , tolerated by British, Maratha and Hyderabad Hubballi etc Nizam ❖ it was inevitable to enter an agreement for Tippu ❖ Haider Ali attempted to have Alliance with Sultan signed Srirangapatna Treaty in 1792 Marathas and Nizam Conditions: 3 Mark ❖ British entered into an agreement tri party What are the results of Third Anglo mysore war? Alliance with Marath and Nizam ❖ Tipu Sultan was forced to part with half of his ❖ Hyder Ali break the alliance by manipulative Kingdom ideas that made British enemy of maratha and ❖ He was forced to pay 3 crore rupees Nizam ❖ He had to pledge children as a guarantee against ❖ Haider Ali and Nizam attacked Arcot but the payment king had Alliance with British ❖ Force to release the Prisoners of War ❖ Battle started at Tiruchirapalli Tiruvannamalai ❖ British withdrew combined Army from Amber, the British military join the war from srirangapatna Bombay Fourth Anglo Mysore war 1799: 3mark ❖ Hyder Ali and army reached Madras and ❖ Tippu Sultan claims right over Malabar region created panic among British ❖ the political activities against Tipu Sultan became ❖ The war end with Treaty of Madras in 1769 intensified when Lord Wellesley became governor of India Second Anglo Mysore 1780 to 1784: ❖ Tipu Sultan made attempts to form Alliance with ❖ The political situation in Travancore and local kings and French Thanjavur was the reason behind it ❖ He sent an Ambassador to France to seek ❖ Madhavrao attacked Srirangapatna with Alliance this development and raised Britishers Maratha but British did not came for support ❖ Tipu Sultan rejected in human impractical to Haider Ali as per Madras treaty conditions imposed by British his refusal to the ❖ British attacked by Mahe which was under war Haider Ali is the reason for second Anglo What are the results of Fourth Anglo Mysore war? Mysore war ❖ He died in 1799. the territories were shared ❖ Hyder Ali gained Upper Hand and captured among British Marath and Nazam Kanchipuram Coromandel Coast and Arcot ❖ Small territory handed over to the Royal ❖ Hyder Ali was defeated in the battle held in representative of Mysore known as Mysore PortoNova by British led by Sir Eyer coot and princely state. increased confidence of British ❖ Haider Ali died due to illness and led by Tipu Chamarajendra wadiyar X - 1881 to 1894 Sultan.British attacked on Mangalore and took ❖ In 1881 Mysore thrown handed over to advantage of Hyder Ali's death chamarajendra X ❖ Tipu Sultan protected Mangalore and coastal ❖ Rangachalu was appointed as Diwan regions and defeated British and ended with ❖ Established Mysore representative assembly Treaty of Mangalore in 1784 ❖ Started gold mine 1881 Tipu Sultan: ❖ Started Bangalore Mysore railway 1882 ❖ Became ruler of Mysore after his father's death. He wage war against British for 17 K.Sheshadri Iyer- Dewan. 3mark years rule Explain the reformations of K.Sheshadri Iyer. ❖ He tries to organize Enemies of British into a ❖ Improved financial position group ❖ Started new railway lines ❖ He tried to break the Monopoly of British over ❖ Started Mysore civil service examination trade. As a result enmity between British and ❖ Give importance to irrigation Tippu to grew up ❖ Importance to girls education ❖ Maharani girls High School Third Anglo Mysore war: ❖ Chamarajendra wodeyar gave shelter to ❖ The politics of Travancore was the main reason Vivekananda and help to participate in parliament for this war, king of Travancore build Fort with of world religion the help of British and captured Ayakota,. ❖ Patronized scholars i.e. Bassappa Shastri who Kanganoor fort from Dutch. This was the breach was known as Abhinava Kalidas. He composed of Mangalore treaty state anthem "Kayo Sri Gouri" 7 ❖ British captured Karwar Coimbatore Dingal by Page Meadow commander praveenbanakar.blogspot.com  Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV ❖ British entered an agreement with Kittur to ❖ Rani kempa Nanjammanni look after collect payment during Thomas Munro administration till 1902 ❖ After the death of her son Chennamma ❖ reformation in gold mines adopted shivalingappa as adopt son and ruled ❖ Construction of Mari kanive reservoir, railway, Kittur hospital ❖ Thackeray was British tax collector of ❖ Hydroelectric project shivanasamudra to Dharwad reported to Bombay to take over supply electricity to kolar gold mine, Bangalore Kittur the first city to electrified ❖ As a result queen of Kittur had to face the war in which Thackeray was shot dead Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV. 3mark ❖ Under the leadership of Kernel Deak made Explain the reformations Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV. attempt to capture Kittur ❖ Spread of education to people ❖ Channamma was imprisoned at Bailhongal ❖ Abolished fees in all primary school fort and passed away in prison ❖ Girls’ education Sangolli Rayanna: 3mark ❖ Established Mysore University Explain , How was Sangolli Rayanna fought ❖ Started scholarship against British? ❖ Established Indian institute of science at He was a brave soldier who fought for independence Bangalore 1905 of Kittur ❖ Barrage across river Kaveri ❖ He developed a sense of nationalism ❖ Established iron and steel factory Mandya ❖ Organizedan army to fight against British ❖ Sandal oil factory Mysore and soap factory ❖ Heorganized secret meetings ❖ Chemical fertilizer factory ❖ He aimed at looting the treasury of British ❖ Legislative council formed during his time ❖ He was cunningly captured by British and brought ❖ Encouraged musicians- Syama shastry, T down to Dharwad. choudayya Rebellion of Amarasulya : ❖ Mysore became a model state ❖ This was a farmer rebellion held in coastal areas ❖ Mahatma Gandhi called him as "Rajashri" and Kodagu 1835-37 ❖ British dethroned rulers of Kodagu chikkaveera Jaya chamaraja Wodeyar- 1940-50 Rajendra of haleri dynasty in 1834 ❖ Came to throne after Krishna raja wodeyar ❖ A political instability created. Swami Apa ❖ He was a great scholar, musicologist, orator Rampura Kalyana Swami Putta Basappa ❖ Became governor general of Mysore after organised rebellion ApaRampura to leadership of 1947 rebellion later he was captured in 1837 ❖ He was a great patron of art and literature. PuttaBasaappa: 3mark Dondiya Wagh: 3mark Explain the role of Puttabasappa in Amarasulya How was Dondiya wagh fought against the rebellion. British? ❖ Sullya Bellare Puttur are the major places of ❖ Birth - channagiri , Maratha family. Famous Canara region and part of Amara Surya as Wagh Tiger ❖ he took leadership of rebellion presenting himself ❖ Career - cavalry soldier in Hyder Ali army as Swami Apa Rampura ❖ He built small Army after fourth Anglo Mysore ❖ He declared tax on tobacco and salt should be war organised soldiers who were unhappy withdrawn by the British with Tipu Sultan ❖ He killed Amaldar who was known for brutality. It ❖ Attacked shimoga Honnali Harihar made Putta Basappa famous Chitradurga savanur Kittur Londa ❖ The mob looted treasury of Bantwal,Mangalore ❖ Lord Wellesley decided to end the Adventures ❖ British captured him with the help of Army of of Dondiya. Was killed at Konagall Tellicherry,Kannur, Bombay Kodagu people ❖ Laxmappa,Bangarssa,RamayyaGowda Rebellion of Kittur - Rani CHENNAMMA 1824. 3 Gaddemane Appayya were hanged mark Rebellion of Kittur was a historical event in the Rebellion of Surapura history of India. Explain It is a place 50 km away from present Yadgir. Which ❖ Rebellion led by channamma due to doctrine was the vassal state during Nizam and Marathas of lapse policy Venkatappa Naik ❖ Kittur lies between Dharwad and Belgaum ❖ He came to the Throne after his father Krishna ❖ Channamma took administration after death of Naik. He was opposed by his uncle Peddanaik. Malla Sarja It led to internal struggle ❖ Shivalinga Rudra Sarja's elder son came to ❖ British entered in surapura politics and appointed 8 the Throne. Medes Tailor a political agent got proxy power Page praveenbanakar.blogspot.com  ❖ Taylor was a reformist: he developed surapura. What are the reformations brought by Raja Ram Appointed Pedda Naik as Diwan. He conducted Mohan Roy? land surveys as a result revenue of Surapura ❖ Questioned the practice of idol-worship. was increased. ❖ He argued that modern science and English ❖ Venkatappa Nayaka came to the power in 1853 education were essential for an Indian revival. ❖ The British came to notice that representatives of ❖ He opposed exploitation of women. Nana Saheb were present in surpura. This made ❖ He led an organized attack against the British suspicious on kings administration so they practice of sati and child marriage appointed officer called Campbell to report about ❖ Ram Mohan Roy supported the Prohibition of political condition of surapura Sati Act which was introduced by Lord William ❖ The report submitted to Hyderabad that King was Bentinck involved in mismanagement. British captured ❖ He tried to develop rationalism among people surapura in 1858 through journalism. Veerappa of Koppala : ❖ He started a newspaper in Bengali called ❖ Koppala and the surrounding region was ‘Samvada Kaumudi’. under the rule of Hyderabad Nizam. Due to ❖ It attempted to bring in reforms in the exploitation of zamindars and by Nizam of traditions and customs in Hindu religion. Hyderabad the people rebelled against Nijam ❖ It opposed idol-worship and polytheism, and ❖ Veerappa was the Zamindar and organised encouraged monotheism. farmers to fight against Nizam ❖ It condemned performance of yagas and ❖ British employed an army and defeated rituals, and Veerappa and capture Koppala ❖ Opposed the priestly class. Bedas of Halagali : 3mark ❖ English education exposed Indians to Western How did the Bedas of Halagali fight against political thought. British? Young Bengal Movement ❖ Bedas are good Hunters. ❖ This movement was started by Henry Louis ❖ A small village of Mudhol Taluk Belgaum Vivian Derozio(1809-1831) district. ❖ Derozio was called Anglo-Indian. ❖ Bedas rebelled against the British due to the ❖ Derozio served as a professor at Hindu arms act. College in Calcutta ❖ British banned usage of weapons ❖ tried to instill the same spirit of free enquiry in ❖ Bedas of Mantur Bodani Alagundi joined the the minds of his students and colleagues. rebellion and ❖ worked towards creating text books to ❖ British entered Halagali village and inculcate new education system. This angered suppressed Rebels. many traditionalists ❖ started the ‘Academic Association (1828), a free-thinking debate association 5. SOCIAL AND RELIGIOUS REFORMATION ❖ worked towards; rational thinking, Women MOVEMENT Rights, discrimination ❖ movement was limited to Calcutta and a few The 19th Century in Indian history is referred to areas of Bengal as the period of ‘Indian Renaissance’.Explain Arya Samaj : 1875 ❖ Indians came into contact with Western Explain the reformations of Arya samaj civilization. As a result, ❖ Arya Samaj was established by Dayananda ❖ They got the advantage of English education. Saraswati ❖ Rationalism grew among Indians. ❖ Emphasized that the Vedas were the source ❖ This rational attitude stimulated the Indians to of truth and knowledge. question superstitions and the contradictions ❖ He advised people to ‘Back to the Vedas’. in their traditions, and also ❖ He condemned idol worship and the caste ❖ Become aware of their own interests. system. ❖ Indians had a scientific outlook and were ❖ He advocated that caste should be decided rational based on the ability and not on the birth of the Brahmo Samaj: Raja Ram Mohan Roy person ❖ Raja Ram Mohan Roy the founder ❖ Rejected the innumerable meaningless ❖ He has been called ‘The Father of Indian practices and dominance of the priestly class. Renaissance’. ❖ He encouraged widow marriage. ❖ He had studied the culture and principles of ❖ He urged people to use swadeshi goods. religions like Hinduism, Islam, Sufi, ❖ He propounded his teachings in a book called Christianity and Buddhism. ‘Satyartha Prakasha’. ❖ ‘Purification Ritual’ was the main activity of 9 Arya Samaj. Page praveenbanakar.blogspot.com  ❖ The Samaj established schools and colleges political, social, educational, religious and in many places philosophical beliefs ❖ The principles of Swarajya and Swadharma ❖ Intention to provide modern education to the advocated by Dayananda Saraswati Muslim community, he started ‘The Anglo- ❖ proclaimed that ‘India should be for Indians Oriental College’. Later on, this college was renamed ‘Aligarh Muslim University’. Prarthana Samaj : ❖ Its main objective was to provide religious Explain the reformations of Prarthana samaj education along with western education ❖ Prarthana Samaj was established by Atmaram ❖ He supported female literacy and condemned Panduranga in Mumbai. polygamy and ideas against widow marriage ❖ It was founded on the principle that service to mankind is service to God Ramakrishna Mission: ❖ It gave priority to spread of education. Ramakrishna Paramahamsa was a priest at the ❖ Deccan Education Society, it aimed to develop Ramakrishna Paramahamsa Dakshineshwar the educational field. Kali Temple ❖ It encouraged widow marriage, female He believed that spiritual realization was more literacy, intercaste marriage, important than any religion or God. ❖ eating together by people of all castes, He believed in idol-worship ❖ Opposed child marriage, caste system, idol Vivekananda introduced Indian culture to the worship and purdah system. world. He was a role model to the youth. ❖ It maintained that all religions were paths ❖ Swami Vivekananda established Ramakrishna towards the truth and hence needed to be Mission in order to propagate the ideals of his respected. teacher, Ramakrishna Paramahamsa. ❖ Orphanages, national schools and shelter ❖ The main objective of this organization was to homes for women were established. spread the message of equality of all religions and M.G.Ranade popularized Prarthana Samaj to put that into practice ❖ He propagated Hindu-Muslim unity. ❖ Vivekananda opened the eyes of Indians to the ❖ Ranade was active in the National Congress importance of loving life. party. ❖ He stressed the significance of the individual, his ❖ He started a high school for educating girls presence and ability. ❖ He maintained that apart from prayer and Satyashodhak Samaj: practice of yoga, social service was also Explain the reformations of Sathyashodhak samaj necessary for achievement of salvation ❖ Satyashodak Samaj was established by ❖ Vivekananda emphasized that nation and religion Jyotiba were like the two faces of a coin ❖ Satyashodak Samaj urged for prohibition of ❖ In 1893, at the Chicago Conference of World liquor. Religions, Swami Vivekananda upheld the ❖ It vehemently opposed gender inequality, greatness of India denial of human rights, and exploitation of Theosophical society: people and practice of untouchability. ❖ It was founded by Madame Blavatsky and HS ❖ It started a movement for social justice. Alcott ❖ Jyotiba Phule established a primary school ❖ founded on the principles of establishment of for girls. universal brotherhood, comparative study of ❖ He condemned the slavery being forced on ideology, and exploration of natural principles shudras and casteless classes including dalits and the latent energy of the individual ❖ He advocated free and compulsory education Annie Besant: 3mark in order to bring about reform in the social Explain the reformations of Annie Besant system ❖ Annie Besant, an Irish lady started the activities ❖ Shahu Maharaj who was deeply influenced by of Theosophical Society in India and gave it new Satyashodhak Samaj vitality ❖ Phule wrote in detail about exploitation in his ❖ She aroused pride in Indian culture through her book ‘Ghulamagiri’ (‘Slavery’) lectures ❖ Dr.B.R.Ambedkar was influenced by Phule’s ❖ She attempted to establish equality, universal principles. brotherhood and harmony in society ❖ Annie Besant gave her full support to the Aligarh reformation movement: 3mark freedom struggle Explain the reformations brought by Sir sayyed ❖ started periodical: New India Ahmed Khan ❖ Started Home Rule League Movement in 1916. The Aligarh Movement aimed at promoting ❖ She contributed immensely to Indian philosophy 10 harmony of Eastern and Western ideas and the Independence struggle. through transformation of the Muslims in their ❖ She became first woman president of INC in Page 1917 praveenbanakar.blogspot.com  Sri Narayana Guru; 1903. According to FM Marx, Public administration is He was born in Chembalanti / Chembalandi of the systematic co-ordination of persons things Kerala and methods This movement aimed at strengthening the Importance of Public administration backward and exploited communities. All round development of human beings and The caste differences were too much in Kerala: survival of human society depends upon Public Restrictions were there on women’s dress, not administration. allowed to use facilities like tanks and roads It is the heart of the state system. One Caste, One Religion and One God for The idea of a state without Public administration human beings was the basic idea is impossible. He built alternate temples for the backward Therefore, the modern states are considered as communities administrative states started ‘Vaikom Satyagraha Movement’ in 1924 Public administration is the pillar of the Gandhiji and Periyar, the architects of self- government respect movement Striving to protect public interests The Satyagraha for entry of untouchables into Services to the people from birth to death. Guruvayoor temple was a major incident Maintenance of law and order, protection of life Periyar and property, providing justice, education, a Non-Brahmin movement started in South India employment, necessities of life and other The Justice Party started in 1916 continued the services movement in Tamil Nadu. Implementation of the law and policies Self-Respect Movement’ led by Implement laws and policies to regulate the E.V.Ramaswami Naicker activities of people in society and maintain law Ramaswami started Self Respect League in and order 1926 Strength and Social Security He was called Periyar (Senior Person) Social and economic support of government is Periyar was born in Erode in a rich family essential for the many people like poor, women, He said Tamil was the language of Dravidians. children, tribals, disabled, senior citizens, He championed equality and criticized caste and orphans and destitute. gender-based discrimination The policies implemented for the upliftment of He participated in the temple entry movement in these are called social security 1924 Social security policies: pension schemes for He started an association called 'Dravida widows, senior citizens, physically disabled Kazhagam'. people, providing youth fund to overcome unemployment problem. National food security He also started an English magazine under the mission (NFSM) has started for providing food title ‘Revolt’ security to people below poverty line Assist the legislature as well as executive POLITICAL SCIENCE The public administration provides the 6. PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION – AN necessary statistical data and information INTRODUCTION The administration provides necessary Meaning and Definition details of legislation in drafting the law the development of the study of public Scope of the Public Administration administration began especially in America Woodrow Wilson, LD White etc. Have Woodrow Wilson has been called as the “Father advocated and integrated view of public of Public Administration” administration. According to them the study of the three organs of government namely the The word Administration is a combination of two Legislature, executive and judiciary comes in Latin words Ad-and ministraire the scope of public administration The word ministraire give meaning of “To care Luther Gullick, Herbert, A. Simon etc., The word public administration was first used in advocated narrow view of public administration. 1812 by Alexander Hamilton According to them the scope of public Definitions administration is limited only to the activities of According to Woodrow Wilson public the executive organ of the government administration is the comprehensive View of POSDCORB enforcement of the law. Luther Gullick has shown the scope of public According to Luther Guillick Public administration in the word POSDCORB administration is concerned with the executive P (Planning) Prepare plan for the task branch that carries out the functions of 11 O (Organising) Creation of administrative government. system like departments, corporations, Page divisions, subdivisions praveenbanakar.blogspot.com  S (Staffing) Recruitment, training 3) Personality test (interview) D (Directing) Issuing orders and directions CO (Coordinating) To eliminate conflicts, State Public service commission: Article 315 differences There is provision for joint public service R (Reporting) subordinates need to give report commission for two or more states (JSPSC). to the superiors Karnataka Public Service Commission (KPSC) B (Budgeting) Management of finance Article 315 Recruitment: 18th May 1951 KPSC has been established Successful public administration requires one chairman and 11 members efficient staff appointed by the governor Good and efficient public administration term of office is 6 years or 62 years depends on recruitment of good officials The head office of KPSC is in Bengaluru O Glenn Stahl defines “recruitment as the It has regional offices in Mysuru, Belgavi, cornerstone of administrative structure” Kalaburagi and Shivamogga Methods of recruitment: There is a secretary to look after day-to-day a) Direct recruitment administrative affairs The qualified candidates are selected through FUNCTIONS: competitive examinations in a definite method is Recruitment of Gazzetted Officers to the State referred as direct recruitment Government services: appointment through direct recruitment must Ex:Sub Divisional Officers, Deputy possess some special and required qualifications Superintendent of Police, Tahasildar, b) Indirect recruitment Commercial Tax Officers It is also called as internal recruitment. Conducting personality tests for candidates to be The appointment of personal already in appointed government services to higher post on the basis Conducting departmental exams twice a year for of their qualification and seniority government employees. procedure of promotion and giving increment To advise the government on disciplinary and UPSC: promotion cases. constitutional body established according to the To carry out coordination work for various Article 315 competitive exams one chairman and 10 members Law and Order appointed by the President of India Law and order is essential for the peace, term of office is 6 years or 65 years of age happiness, unity and development of the The president of India is having powers to remove nation them The rule of law is essential for the protection commission will have a secretary of all. headquarter is at in New Delhi Law and order is mentioned in the 7th schedule of the constitution Functions: article 320 Central Government has the constitutional To conduct competitive examinations for power to direct the states in maintaining the recruitment law and order Conducting tests personally for direct recruitment To advise the government on guidelines, The Role of Central Government promotions and transfers The responsibility of maintaining law and order by to take disciplinary actions against the Central Government is mentioned in many articles of inappropriate behavior of the officials the constitution To advise the government on any matter protecting the nation from external aggression is mentioned in the article 355 The commission conducts competitive exams: failure of constitutional machinery in states the Civil Service is the most important. President of India can declare state emergency IAS (Indian Administrative service) according to article 356 IPS (Indian police service) The Union Home Ministry has armed forces to IFOS (Indian Forest service) provide security to the public and through them IFS (Indian Foreign service) maintains law and order. IRS (Indian revenue service) 1.CRPF (Central Reserve Police Force IAAS (Indian audit and account service) are suppressing riots and maintaining law and order important civil services 2. Border Security Force (BSF) 12 Tests are conducted in three phases namely Protecting the borders of India with Pakistan and 1) Preliminary exams Bangladesh Page 2) Mains and 3. RPF (Railway Protection Force praveenbanakar.blogspot.com  It prevents railway crimes and investigate them 4. CISF (Central Industrial Security Force): 7. CHALLENGES OF INDIA AND THEIR REMEDIES It provides security to large scale industries in public sector, airports, harbors Since 1947 we have been facing a number of problems both internally and externally. Those Role of State Police system problems have to be solved through proper planning and good governance The primary responsibility of state government is to maintain law and order We have to seek proper humanitarian solutions. Proper legislative reforms, able administration In the states the police department is under Home impartial judicial system and popular support are Minister essential to find out remedies for these ills. Let us The home secretary is the administrative head of learn about these problems. the home department Challenges of India: He/she is an IAS officer. He/She advises and ❖ Corruption assists the home minister ❖ Regionalism The home department performs the task of ❖ Communalism supervision and coordination ❖ Overpopulation ❖ Status of women The structure of police administration is as ❖ Poverty follows ❖ Economic inequality Home Minister ❖ Illiteracy Home Secretary ❖ Profiteering Director General and Inspector General of Police ❖ Smuggling (DG and IGP) Communalism: 3mark (Head of the state police Department) ❖ It refers to the split of the whole national community on the basis of religion and it Director General of Police (DGP) refers to the strong feeling that their group Additional Director General of Police (ADGP) identities and interests are opposed to each Inspector General of Police (IGP) other Deputy Inspector General of Police (DIG) effects of communalism (Head of Sub Zonal Office) ❖ Communalism creates religious division of Superintendent of Police (SP) society resulting in mutual distrust and threat. (District Police Officer) ❖ It manifests itself in social groupism, economic antagonism and even political rivalry. Additional Superintendent of Police (ASP) ❖ Communalism in India is a menace which is (Additional District Superintendent of Police) capable to disrupt the very unity and integrity Deputy Superintendent of Police (DySP) of our nation. (Head of Sub Divisional Office) ❖ Communalism propagates hate philosophy Circle Police Inspector (CPI) among religious groups. ❖ It leads to social unrest and even the ruin of (Head of Circle Office) life and property. Sub inspector of Police (PSI) ❖ Communalism spreads with unwarranted (Head of the Police Station) mutual accusation and physical combat Assistant Subinspector (ASI) among the religion groups Head Constable (HC) Precautions taken to address communalism Strengthening the secular principles Police Constable (PC) Developing a secular nationalism Treating all citizens equally. Implementing confirm civil code, Adopting Secular principles in Education. Enforcing orderly legal system, Developing a strong nationalism spirit. Creating awareness among people Stress on thoughts of Nationalism Regionalism: Strong feeling of people in favor of local area they live is called regionalism The inter-state border disputes and inter-state 13 river water sharing disputes are the main causes for Regionalism Page praveenbanakar.blogspot.com  Measures to be taken to control regionalism: Web of corruption includes 3mark tax- evasion, hoarding, smuggling, Constitution declares “We the people of India” misappropriation, fraud, violation of rules of and thereby stresses Indian nationalism foreign exchanges, professional misconduct integrity by upholding single national citizenship Consequences of corruption: provided more opportunity for regional Corruption leads to various negative consequences development they are : quasi-federal system for India which give out corruption is one of the illegal act, autonomy to the states it is antisocial and immoral act. “Ministry of development of North eastern region” staunch enemy of good administration, has been set up for the development of North it disrupts transparency and accountability in eastern region of India. administration. Sub Regionalism Political corruption also leads to organized crimes. “Regionalism in different areas within a state can be It allows for bureaucratic loopholes and fraud in called Sub-Regionalism” public service sectors. Regional imbalance is the main reason for It weakens the social, economic and political such sub Regionalism system of the country. Dr. Nanjundappa committee. Malenadu development board. Kalyana Karnataka Measures taken to control corruption development board plain area development The institution Lokpal has been established at board and coastal development authority are National level and lokayukta constituted for above purpose Central vigilance commission CVC Special recognition is given to 7 districts of prevention of corruption Act 1988 Kalyana Karnataka under article 371 (J) to Right to information act 2005 redress regional imbalance. CC cameras installed in government offices Illiteracy: schemes like Sakala, Janaspandan, Janasevak What are the reasons for Illiteracy? etc. have been implemented ❖ Poverty Complaint (Grievance) boxes or kept in ❖ Migration government offices. ❖ Child labor and child marriage eradicated through a strong moral base, ❖ Assigning baby care strong political will as well as public support ❖ Lack of interest Measures to eradicate: 3mark good political leadership What are the measures taken to increase literacy politically matured citizens with civic sense rate? Strong and strict penal system ❖ Sarv Shiksha abhiyan 2001 Gender Discrimination (Status of women) ❖ National literacy mission 1988 The achievements of women during pre- ❖ Saakshar Bharat 2009 independence are notable; they are present in all ❖ Article 21 A (education is made a fundamental walks of life; right) Fathima Beevi, the first women judge of Supreme ❖ RTE 2009 court and Smt. V.S. Ramadevi, First Chief ❖ Free and compulsory education (6 and 14 Election Commissioner years) Social system, poverty, illiteracy are the reasons CORRUPTION: for this backwardness. Corruption means an inducement to do wrong by bribery or other unlawful means. Measures undertaken to eradicate gender It is abuse of power for personal gains setting discrimination aside all rules and regulations (Measures have been taken to improve the status of Causes of corruption Women) casteism, Women development corporation has been nepotism, set up lack of good responsibility, The ministry of women and child welfare lack of strict law, Reservation have been given to women selfish nature of man, National and State women’s commission have calculation of avoiding risk, been established Lack of strict supervision. Sakhi one stop centre started. Ineffective anti-corruption agencies and Women violence protection domestic Act 2005 Political interference was enacted. “Prohibition of sexual harassment of women in 14 working place” Act 2013 has implemented. Page praveenbanakar.blogspot.com  In Karnataka 50% of seats reserved for What are the Steps taken for bridging of gap women in local self-governments. between rich and poor:3mark Helpline number 1091 facility for women ❖ Planning in India should be inclusive provided. ❖ Poor and tribal should be partners not victims of Parliament has passed Nari Shakti Vandana development Adiniyam act giving 33% of reservation to ❖ Proper rehabilitation for food and tribal while they women in Lok sabha and State Legislative are displaced from their land assemblies. ❖ Economic reforms According to 128 amendment bill to Indian ❖ Careful fiscal policy constitution. ❖ Healthy taxation