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# Carl Jung, Analytical Psychology The ego, the personal unconscious, and the collective unconscious. The ego represents the conscious mind; it comprises thoughts, memories, and emotions a person is aware of. ## Layers of the Unconscious Mind **1. The Personal Unconscious:** These are lifetime ex...

# Carl Jung, Analytical Psychology The ego, the personal unconscious, and the collective unconscious. The ego represents the conscious mind; it comprises thoughts, memories, and emotions a person is aware of. ## Layers of the Unconscious Mind **1. The Personal Unconscious:** These are lifetime experiences that have been forgotten or repressed, but still influence behavior and attitudes. An important feature of the personal unconscious is complexes. A complex is a collection or cluster of thoughts, feelings, attitudes, and memories. **2. The Collective Unconscious:** This refers to shared, inherited unconscious knowledge and experiences across generations. It is expressed through universal symbols and archetypes common to all human cultures and epochs. Archetypes are universal symbols and themes. ### Archetypes * **The Persona:** The public face or role a person presents to others, concealing the true self. Jung describes this as the "conformity" archetype. * **The Anima/Animus:** For men, there's an Anima (feminine inner personality), and for women, an Animus (masculine inner personality). * **The Shadow:** The dark side, the "devil within," the animal side of personality. The source of both creative and destructive energies. * **The Self:** Provides a sense of unity in experience. ## Psychological Types Four principal functions: sensation, intuition, feeling, and thinking. One of these is dominant. **1. Thinking (T) vs. Feeling (F):** Thinking individuals make decisions based on logic and objective considerations. Feeling individuals base decisions on subjective and personal values. **2. Sensing (S) vs. Intuition (N):** Sensing individuals focus on present realities, tangible facts, and details. Intuitive individuals focus on possibilities, interconnections, and future potential. **3. Extroversion (E) vs. Introversion (I):** Extroverts are oriented towards the outer world. Derive energy from interaction with others and the environment. Introverts are oriented towards the inner world. They tend to be quiet and reserved, deriving energy from reflection, inner feelings, ideas, and experiences. ## Individuation Jung proposed individuation—the goal of a person's psychological development. It is a process of becoming aware of oneself, integrating different aspects of personality, and realizing inherent potential. Our innate characteristics are "imprinted" on us as a result of evolution. These universal predispositions stem from our ancestral past. For Jung, our primitive past becomes the basis of the human psyche, directing and influencing present behavior.