Biology 1001 Test Bank Exam 2 PDF

Biology 1001 test bank for exam 2 Matching: _d__ replication A. ability of DNA to change _e__ transcription B. ability of DNA to conjoin maternal and paternal chromosomes _b__ synapsis C. ability of DNA to supercoil _a__ mutation D. ability of DNA to cop...

Biology 1001 test bank for exam 2 Matching: _d__ replication A. ability of DNA to change _e__ transcription B. ability of DNA to conjoin maternal and paternal chromosomes _b__ synapsis C. ability of DNA to supercoil _a__ mutation D. ability of DNA to copy itself _c__ condensation E. ability of DNA to make RNA Multiple choice: _b__ The “start” codon in the genetic code is: A. GO, B. AUG, C. UUU, D. AGU, E. none of the above _b__ Three base unit of mRNA which codes for an amino acid is a: A. cistron, B. codon, C. anticodon, D. triplet, E. trypsin __c_ Three base unit of tRNA which codes for an amino acid is a: A. cistron, B. codon, C. anticodon, D. triplet, E. trypsin _a__ Membranous system which builds conjugate polymers of lipids and proteins are: A. golgi, B. ser, C. rer, D. lysosomes, E. all of the above _a__ The bases in DNA are: A. ATCG, B. TACU, C. GABC, D. TAYZ, E. ABCD _c__ DNARNA____metabolismlife. A. genes, B. cells, C. enzymes, D. all of the above, E. none of the above _c__ The major hypothesis governing enzyme genetics is: A. nucleic acid content; B. one geneone enzyme, C. lock and key, D. all of the above, E. none of the above Matching: _b__ rer A. site of ATP synthesis _e__ ser B. site of protein synthesis _a__ mitochondria C. site of photosynthesis _d__ golgi D. site of macromolecular synthesis and packaging __c_ chloroplasts E. site of carbohydrate and lipid synthesis Multiple choice: _c___ The molecules DNA and RNA have ____ backbones. A. nitrogenous bases, B. ATP, C. sugar-phosphate, D. protein, E. phosphate. _b__ Can a type O blood type father have a type AB blood type child? A. yes, B. no. _a__ The development of Round-up Ready (RR) rice and soybeans may lead to the end of flooding rice fields for weed control. A. true, B. false. _c__ With incomplete dominance, a red bull and a white cow have calves that are F1 hybrids colored as: A. red, B. white, C. roan, D. a mix of all of the above, E. none of the above _c__ Which is not a major characteristic of a gene? A. piece of DNA, B. has triplets, C. has codons, D. occurs in all cells, E. major ingredient in the nucleus _c__ Team science, mutation, mapping, crossing over, and neodarwinism are all products of the lab of: A. Mendel, B. Watson, C. Morgan, D. Dobzhansky, E. none of the above _a__ In a paternity suit, the father (blood type O) is accused of fathering a child (type A) with the mother (type A). Is he the father by virtue of the blood type evidence? A. yes, B. no Matching: _a__ penetrance A. percent/degree to which a dominant allele expresses itself _b__ meiosis B. involves reduction division _c__ haploid C. N; gametic condition _e__ polyploid D. particular Mendelian violation--ratio contains a '0' e.g., 9:4:0 _d__ lethality E. tetraploid as in watermelons Multiple choice: _c_The impact of a single gene on many traits is: A. interaction, B. codominance, C. pleiotropy, D. all of the above, E. none of the above _a__ Huntington’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and cocaine usage are all related to the body’s use of the molecule known as: A. dopamine, B. serotonin, C. aldosterone, D. melanin, E. colchicine _d__ Cummulative interaction generates: A. normal distributions, B. a wide-ranging trait variability, C. quantitative traits with ratios from Pascal’s triangle, D. all of the above, E. none of the above _e__ An AB blood type mother and an O type father cannot have children with the following blood type: A. A, B. B. C. O, D. AB, E. C and D _c__ Kary Mullis authored: A. gene theory, B. RFLP, C. PCR, D. enzymology, E. none of the above _a__ Phenotypically, the default sex morphotype is: A. female, B. male. Matching: _d__ 3:1 A. F2 of dihybrid cross--genotypic ratio _e__ 9:3:3:1 B. F2 of trihybrid cross--phenotypic ratio _b__ 27:9:9:9:3:3:3:1 C. F2 of dihybrid cross--genotypic ratio; nonMendelian _a__ 1:2:1:2:4:2:1:2:1 D. F2 of monohybid cross--phenotypic ratio __c_ 9:7 E. F2 of dihybrid cross--phenotypic ratio Multiple choice: __a_ The eukaryotic cell is a community of prokaryotic cells. A. true, B. false _a__ Genetic testing before birth involves a test called amniocentesis. A. true, B. false _e__ Down syndrome involves Trisomy ___. A. 15, B. 7, C. 13, D. 31, E. none of the above _b__ Klinefelter's syndrome involves an extra chromosome and is represented by: A. XXX, B. XXY, C. XYY, D. YYY, E. none of the above _a__ Gregor Mendel is father of genetics. A. true, B. false _d__ Lock and key mechanisms depict: A. the unique morphology of each enzyme, B. the specificity of enzymes, C. the ability of single enzymes to have powerful impacts on metabolic pathways, D. all of the above, E. none of the above _d__ One gene-one enzyme theory assigns: A. one gene to each enzyme, B. one allele to each enzyme, C. one protein from each allele, D. all of the above, E. none of the above _d__ Sickle cell (HbS) and thalassemia (HbT) are: A lethal but codominant, B. abnormal hemoglobins, C. resistant to malaria, D. all of the above, E. none of the above _c__ Lethals include Huntington's disease, a condition caused by a ___ allele. A. codominant, B. recessive, C. dominant, D. all of the above, E. none of the above _a__ Mendel's Law of segregation does not apply to linked genes on the same chromosome. A. true, B. false Matching: _e__ codons A. central theory of molecular genetics _b__ triplets B. three base units of DNA code _d__ anticodons C. tRNA is an ____ recognition system _c__ amino acid D. three base units of RNA found on the tRNA _a__ DNARNAProteins E. three base units of RNA found on the mRNA Multiple choice: _b__ The SRY gene is found in: A. females, B. males _a__ A representation of a genotype as AB/ab indicates: A. linkage between genes A and B, B. distance between two genes, A and B, C. locus of an individual gene A respective to B on a chromosome, D. all of the above, E. none of the above _d__ Mendel's classical genetics includes: A. particulate inheritance, B. law of segregation, C. law of independent assortment, D. law of dominance, E. all of the above _b__ In modern crime investigation, ___ is used to increase the amount of DNA, and ___ is used to conduct the DNA fingerprinting. A. RFLP, PCR, B. PCR, RFLP, C. PCX, RFD, D. all of the above, E. none of the above _d__ Karyotyping includes: A. number of chromosomes, B. ploidy, C. chromosome banding, D. all of the above, E. none of the above Matching: _e__ Operon hypothesis A. gene control mechanism employing 'jumping genes' _c__ Second messengers B. gene control mechanism unique to eukaryotes _b__ Transcriptional control C. gene control mechanism using hormones and cAMP _d__ Negative feedback D. gene control mechanism--gene product turns off gene _a__ Transposons E. gene control mechanism with regulators and promoters Multiple choice: _d__ Condensed chromosomes are: A. euchromatin, B. unable to transcribe, C. heterochromatin, D. two of the above, E. none of the above _c__ The lack of androgen sensitive sites causes males to appear as females in the ___ syndrome. A. Klinefelter's, B. Down's, C. androgen insensitivity, D. Edward's, E. Patau's _e__ A gene is an: A. interactive site, B. transposon, C. cistron, D. operon, E. all of the above _d__ The central theory for molecular biology centers upon: A. transcription, B. translation, C. replication, D. all of the above, E. none of the above _a__ The process of uptake of DNA is called: A. transformation, B. transduction, C. replication, D. lethality, E. protein synthesis _a__ In gene therapy, the vector is a virus. A. true, B. false _a__ A short circular piece of DNA is called a plasmid. A. true, B. false _c__ DNA was described by: A. Darwin and Wallace, B. Franklin and Crick, C. Watson and Crick, D. Hershey and Crick, E. none of the above _d__ The one gene-one enzyme hypothesis suggests that: A. any change in a gene changes a protein, B. genetic uniqueness is at the gene level, C. thousands of genes must exist, D. all of the above, E. none of the above _d__ Which RNA is needed to make proteins? A. mRNA, B. tRNA, C. rRNA, D. all of the above, E. none of the above _b__ The genetic code is coded differently in varied kinds of organisms (not universal). A. true, B. false. a__ Allozymes are families of similar enzymes found in similar organisms. A. true, B. false _b__ Genetic drift is known as the Sewall Wright Effect and centers on rapid changes in allelic frequencies in large populations. A. true, B. false _a__ In meiosis of diploid organisms, a critical and unique event (reduction division) results in: A. haploid cells, B. diploid cells, C. enucleate cells, D. all of the above, E. none of the above. __d__Reduction division occurs during: A. Meiosis II, B. Prophase I, C. Metaphase I, D. Anaphase I, E. Telophase II. __b__Tetrad formation occurs during: A. Meiosis II, B. Prophase I, C. Metaphase I, D. Anaphase I, E. Telophase II. __a__ Two very different species can have the same gene. A. true, B. false. _a___Genes that produce useful materials are highly conserved. A. true, B. false. Matching: _d__ Diploid monohybrid A. Hardy Weinberg equation: heterogametic individuals: p + q = 1 _b__ Dihybrid B. Hardy Weinberg equation: (p + q)2 (r + s) 2 = 1 _c__ Multiple allele C. Hardy Weinberg equation: (p + q + r + s)2 = 1 _a__ Sex linked D. Hardy Weinberg equation: p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1 _e__ Triploid trihybrid E. Hardy Weinberg equation: (p + q)3 (r + s)3 (t + v)3 = 1 Multiple choice: _c__ The harbinger of macroevolution is: A stabilizing selection, B. directional selection, C. disruptive selection, D. all of the above, E. none of the above _c__ Phylogeny is revealed by the study of molecular clocks in order to reconstruct evolutionary history. The most famous studies were done on the respiratory pigment: A. cpDNA, B. myoglobin, C. cytochrome C, D. all of the above, E. none of the above __a_ Ancient conserved sequences (ancestral genes) explain the occurrence of similar traits in all life. A. true, B. false _b__ The primary source of variation in individual genomes is: A. mutation, B. sexual recombination, C. evolution, D. UPGMA, E. luck _e__ Genetic erosion is: A. the loss of novel alleles in a population, B. the loss of populations within species, C. the loss of species, D. the most serious biological threat on the planet, E. all of the above _b__ Along with sharing a common gene pool, reproductive isolation is central to the concept of the: A. gene, B. biological species, C. hybrid vigor, D. evolution, E. survival of the fittest _d__ Polyploid development was crucial for the creation of modern: A. corn, B. watermelon, C. wheat, D. all of the above, E. none of the above _a__ Genomics is the newest branch of medicine. A. true, B. false _a__ In a paternity suit, the father (blood type O) is accused of fathering a child (type A) with the mother (type A). Is he the father by virtue of the blood type evidence? A. yes, B. no _c__ The impact of a single gene on many traits is: A. interaction, B. codominance, C. pleiotropy, D. all of the above, E. none of the above _a__ Huntington’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and cocaine usage are all related to the body’s use of the molecule known as: A. dopamine, B. serotonin, C. aldosterone, D. melanin, E. colchicine _d__ Cummulative interaction generates: A. normal distributions, B. a wide-ranging trait variability, C. quantitative traits with ratios from Pascal’s triangle, D. all of the above, E. none of the above _e__ An AB blood type mother and an O type father cannot have children with the following blood type: A. A, B. B. C. O, D. AB, E. C and D _c__ Kary Mullis authored: A. gene theory, B. RFLP, C. PCR, D. enzymology, E. none of the above _a__ Phenotypically, the default sex morphotype is: A. female, B. male,  _d__ Sickle cell (HbS) and thalassemia (HbT) are: A lethal but codominant, B. abnormal hemoglobins, C. resistant to malaria, D. all of the above, E. none of the above _c__ Lethals include Huntington's disease, a condition caused by a ___ allele. A. codominant, B. recessive, C. dominant, D. all of the above, E. none of the above _a__ Mendel's Law of segregation does not apply to linked genes on the same chromosome. A. true, B. false _d__ Condensed chromosomes are: A. euchromatin, B. unable to transcribe, C. heterochromatin, D. two of the above, E. none of the above _e__ A gene is an: A. interactive site, B. transposon, C. cistron, D. operon, E. all of the above _d__ The central theory for molecular biology centers upon: A. transcription, B. translation, C. replication, D. all of the above, E. none of the above _a__ The process of uptake of DNA is called: A. transformation, B. transduction, C. replication, D. lethality, E. protein synthesis _a__ In gene therapy, the vector is a virus. A. true, B. false _a__ A short circular piece of DNA is called a plasmid. A. true, B. false _c__ DNA was described by: A. Darwin and Wallace, B. Franklin and Crick, C. Watson and Crick, D. Hershey and Crick, E. none of the above _d__ The one gene-one enzyme hypothesis suggests that: A. any change in a gene changes a protein, B. genetic uniqueness is at the gene level, C. thousands of genes must exist, D. all of the above, E. none of the above _c__ The genetic code in DNA is made up of: A. codons, B. anticodons, C. triplets, D. doublets, E. amino acids _d__ Which RNA is needed to make proteins? A. mRNA, B. tRNA, C. rRNA, D. all of the above, E. none of the above _b__ Eukaryotic mRNA must have ___ removed. A. exons, B. introns, C. mutons, D. operons, E. neons Matching: _e__ Neodarwinism A. competitive; gradualism; lacking genetic component _a__ Darwinism B. competitive; dynamic and affecting regulatory genes _b__ Punctuated equilibrium C. competitive; gradualism; including molecular genetics _c__ Modern synthesis D. cooperative; dynamic; mutualistic relationships pivotal _d__ Symbiogenesis E. competitive; gradualism; including mainly Mendelian genetics Multiple choice: _b__ Allelic frequency is the: A. percent of organisms containing a particular allele in a population, B. percent of an allele among total alleles for a gene in a population, C. the divisor in the equation of life, D. half of the genotypic frequency, E. one third of the phenotypic frequency _d__ Incomplete dominance in some flowers with genes R for red and W for white was observed, because: A. Red flowers only appeared in heterozygote offspring, B. White flowers only appeared in heterozygote offspring, C. Red and white alleles are pleiotropic in heterozygote offspring, D. Pink flower appeared in heterozygote offspring, E. None of the above. _d__ The ‘stop’ codon is: A. UAA, B. UAG, C. UGA, D. all of the above, E. none of the above. _a__ The ‘start’ codon is: A. AUG, B. UAG, C. UGA, D. UUU, E. AAA. _c__ When a nucleic acid undergoes hydrolysis, the resulting subunits are: A. amino acids, B. monosaccharides, C. nucleotides, D. fatty acids, E. carotenoids. _d__ In DNA fingerprinting, both Polymerase Chain Reactions (PCR) and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLP) production techniques are employed followed by: A. acidification, B. electrophoresis, C. staining, D. B and C, E. all of the above. _a___MEGA is used to generate phylogenetic trees based upon comparisons of genes in the gene bank. A. True, B. false. _a___ BLAST is a program that chooses similar DNA sequences in the gene bank. A. true, B. false. _a__ The human genome is estimated to be made up of 21,000 genes. A. true, B. false. _a__ The human genome project and the human proteome project are both responsible for identifying human genes and gene products. A. true, B. false. Matching: _b__ prophase A. cytokinesis and formation of daughter cells _e__anaphase B. supercoiling of chromosomes and migration of the centioles _a__ telophase C. replication of the chromosomes _d__metaphase D. lining up of the chromosomes on the central plane of the cell _c__interphase E. division of the centromere and replicated chromosomes Multiple choice: __e_ During Prophase I, which of the following does not happen? A. synapsis, B. tetrad formation, C. disappearance of the nuclear envelope, D. migration of the centrioles, E. reduction division. __c_ During Anaphase II, which of the following does not happen? A. division of the centromere, B. migration of the chromosomes toward the centrioles, C. division of the tetrads, D. all of the above, E. none of the above. __e_ The cell cycle contains all of the following except: A. M (mitosis), B. G1 (first growth phase), C. S (Synthesis of DNA), D. G2 (second growth phase), E. Go (differentiation). __b__ Mitosis requires several days to occur in normal cells. A. true, B. false. Matching: _b__Kary Mullis A. won Nobel Prize for Chemistry (1954) for covalent bonding. _e__Rosalind Franklin B. won Nobel Prize for Chemistry (1993) for developing PCR. _a__Linus Pauling C. won Nobel Prize for Medicine (1962) for describing DNA. _d__Ben Franklin D. rediscovered electricity in the western world; no prize awarded. _c__James Watson E. described DNA using X-ray crystallography; no prize awarded. Multiple choice: _a__ In protein synthesis, _____ is the first step. A. Initiation, B. elongation, C. termination, D. retaliation, E. rehabilitation. _b__ In protein synthesis, _____ is the second step. A. Initiation, B. elongation, C. termination, D. retaliation, E. rehabilitation. _a__ In transcription, there is a coding strand and a noncoding strand. A. true, B. false. __b__The anticodon is found on the: A. mRNA, B. tRNA, C. rRNA, D. DNA, E. mtDNA. __a__ mtDNA and cpDNA are examples of bacterial DNA. A. true, B. false. _a___ Mature mRNA has a cap and a tail. A. true, B. false. __a__Mature mRNA has a cap on the 5’ end. A. true, B. false. __d__ Only ____% of our genetic material codes for our proteome. A. 70, B. 30, C. 10, D. 2, E. 0.0001. _a___The tail of the mature mRNA is on the 3’ end of the molecule. A. true, B. false. _b___The cap of the mRNA is usually much longer than the tail. A. true, B. false. _c___Chaperone proteins famously: A. carry molecules across membranes, B. select which molecules are able to combine, C. change the shape of proteins, D. arrange protein amino acids into rows for primary structure, E. cause conflict between varied types of proteins. __a__In the old days, RFLPs were used, but modern DNA fingerprinting uses STR (short tandem repeats) for the bulk of their analyses. A. true, B. false. _d___The bulk of our genetic material is made up of: A. LINEs, B. SINEs, C. Introns, D. all of the above, E. A and B. __a__LINEs and SINEs are transposable elements (transposons). A. true, B. false.