100 mcq set.docx

Let\'s create a comprehensive set of 100 multiple-choice questions from sections 1.3 to 1.10 of the provided Basic Mechanical Engineering PDF. **Randomly Placed MCQ Questions:** 1. **What is a control volume in thermodynamics?** - A\) A fixed region in space where mass and energy can cross...

Let\'s create a comprehensive set of 100 multiple-choice questions from sections 1.3 to 1.10 of the provided Basic Mechanical Engineering PDF. **Randomly Placed MCQ Questions:** 1. **What is a control volume in thermodynamics?** - A\) A fixed region in space where mass and energy can cross the boundary. - B\) A closed system with fixed boundaries. - C\) An isolated system with no energy exchange. - D\) A thermodynamic system with constant properties. 2. **Which term describes the condition of a system as defined by its properties?** - A\) Process - B\) State - C\) Cycle - D\) Control volume 3. **Which property of a system depends on the amount of matter present?** - A\) Intensive property - B\) Extensive property - C\) Control property - D\) Volume property 4. **What is a thermodynamic cycle?** - A\) A sequence of processes that returns a system to its initial state. - B\) A single thermodynamic process. - C\) A process with no heat exchange. - D\) A continuous energy transfer. 5. **Which process occurs at constant pressure?** - A\) Isothermal - B\) Adiabatic - C\) Isobaric - D\) Isochoric 6. **In which type of process does the volume remain constant?** - A\) Isothermal - B\) Adiabatic - C\) Isobaric - D\) Isochoric 7. **What is thermodynamic equilibrium?** - A\) A state where all macroscopic changes cease. - B\) A process with constant temperature. - C\) A state with no energy transfer. - D\) A condition with variable pressure. 8. **Which type of equilibrium involves no change in temperature over time?** - A\) Mechanical equilibrium - B\) Thermal equilibrium - C\) Chemical equilibrium - D\) Phase equilibrium 9. **What is required for a system to be in chemical equilibrium?** - A\) No phase changes. - B\) Uniform temperature throughout. - C\) No chemical reactions occur. - D\) Constant volume. 10. **What does the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics establish?** - A\) The basis for measuring temperature. - B\) The conservation of energy. - C\) The relationship between pressure and volume. - D\) The entropy of a system. 11. **Which instrument is commonly used to measure temperature?** - A\) Barometer - B\) Thermometer - C\) Hygrometer - D\) Anemometer 12. **Which of the following is a temperature scale?** - A\) Pascal - B\) Newton - C\) Kelvin - D\) Joule 13. **What is an isolated system in thermodynamics?** - A\) A system with fixed volume. - B\) A system that exchanges neither mass nor energy with its surroundings. - C\) A system that allows energy but not mass to cross its boundary. - D\) A system that exchanges mass but not energy with its surroundings. 14. **What defines the state of a thermodynamic system?** - A\) The path taken during a process. - B\) The specific values of its properties at a particular time. - C\) The type of process it undergoes. - D\) The energy exchanged with surroundings. 15. **Which process occurs without any heat exchange with the surroundings?** - A\) Isothermal - B\) Adiabatic - C\) Isobaric - D\) Isochoric 16. **In a thermodynamic cycle, what happens to the system\'s properties at the end of the cycle?** - A\) They become zero. - B\) They return to their initial values. - C\) They change to new values. - D\) They reach equilibrium. 17. **Which type of equilibrium ensures that there are no unbalanced forces within the system?** - A\) Thermal equilibrium - B\) Chemical equilibrium - C\) Mechanical equilibrium - D\) Phase equilibrium 18. **Which property is intensive?** - A\) Mass - B\) Volume - C\) Density - D\) Total energy 19. **Which law is used to define temperature?** - A\) First Law of Thermodynamics - B\) Second Law of Thermodynamics - C\) Third Law of Thermodynamics - D\) Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics 20. **What kind of process is an isobaric process?** - A\) Constant volume - B\) Constant pressure - C\) Constant temperature - D\) No heat exchange **Adding Questions from Sections 1.7 to 1.10** 21. **What is work in terms of thermodynamics?** - A\) Energy transferred due to temperature difference. - B\) Force applied over a distance. - C\) Change in volume at constant pressure. - D\) Energy required to change phase. 22. **Which of the following is a form of energy interaction?** - A\) Heat transfer - B\) Work done - C\) Both heat transfer and work done - D\) None of the above 23. **According to the First Law of Thermodynamics, energy can neither be created nor destroyed, only\...** - A\) Converted from one form to another. - B\) Used to do work. - C\) Lost to the surroundings. - D\) Stored in the system. 24. **In which application of the First Law of Thermodynamics does the internal energy of the system remain constant?** - A\) Isothermal process - B\) Adiabatic process - C\) Isobaric process - D\) Isochoric process 25. **What does the term \'specific heat\' refer to?** - A\) The amount of heat required to change the temperature of a unit mass by one degree. - B\) The total heat contained in a system. - C\) The heat transfer per unit volume. - D\) The heat loss during a process. 26. **Which process involves no heat transfer with the surroundings?** - A\) Adiabatic process - B\) Isothermal process - C\) Isobaric process - D\) Isochoric process 27. **In an adiabatic process, what happens to the heat?** - A\) It is transferred to the surroundings. - B\) It remains constant. - C\) There is no heat transfer. - D\) It increases. 28. **What is internal energy?** - A\) The sum of all forms of energy in a system. - B\) The energy required to do work. - C\) The energy transferred as heat. - D\) The kinetic energy of the system. 29. **Which of the following is not an example of work?** - A\) Expansion of gas in a cylinder - B\) Stirring of a liquid - C\) Heating of a solid - D\) Lifting a weight 30. **What is the principle behind the First Law of Thermodynamics?** - A\) Energy conservation - B\) Entropy increase - C\) Temperature equilibrium - D\) Work-energy principle 31. **In thermodynamics, what does a cycle represent?** - A\) A sequence of processes that return the system to its initial state. - B\) A single thermodynamic process. - C\) A process with no heat exchange. - D\) A continuous energy transfer. 32. **Which process occurs at constant temperature?** - A\) Isothermal - B\) Adiabatic - C\) Isobaric - D\) Isochoric 33. **Which type of energy interaction involves a force causing a displacement?** - A\) Heat transfer - B\) Work - C\) Internal energy - D\) Potential energy 34. **What happens to the internal energy of an ideal gas during an isothermal expansion?** - A\) It increases. - B\) It decreases. - C\) It remains constant. - D\) It becomes zero. 35. **In an isochoric process, what happens to the volume?** - A\) It remains constant. - B\) It increases. - C\) It decreases. - D\) It fluctuates. 36. **What does the First Law of Thermodynamics relate to?** - A\) Heat and work - B\) Temperature and volume - C\) Pressure and entropy - D\) Heat and temperature 37. **What is the significance of the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics?** - A\) It establishes the concept of temperature. - B\) It describes energy conservation. - C\) It relates to entropy. - D\) It defines internal energy. 38. **Which of the following describes a closed system?** - A\) A system that exchanges energy but not mass with its surroundings. - B\) A system that exchanges both energy and mass. - C\) A system that does not exchange energy or mass. - D\) A system with fixed volume. 39. **What is the main focus of the First Law of Thermodynamics?** - A\) Energy conservation - B\) Temperature equilibrium - C\) Entropy increase - D\) Phase change 40. **Which term refers to the energy transfer due to temperature difference?** - A\) Work - B\) Heat - C\) Internal energy - D\) Potential energy **Continuing to Generate More Questions** 41. **Which law states that the entropy of an isolated system always increases?** - A\) First Law of Thermodynamics - B\) Second Law of Thermodynamics - C\) Third Law of Thermodynamics - D\) Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics 42. **In thermodynamics, what is entropy a measure of?** - A\) Energy transfer - B\) System disorder - C\) Heat capacity - D\) Work done 43. **What is the significance of the Second Law of Thermodynamics?** - A\) It describes energy conservation. - B\) It establishes the direction of energy transfer. - C\) It defines internal energy. - D\) It relates to phase changes. 44. **Which term refers to the energy stored within a system?** - A\) Kinetic energy - B\) Potential energy - C\) Internal energy - D\) External energy 45. **In a cyclic process, what is the net work done equal to?** - A\) The net heat transfer - B\) The change in internal energy - C\) The total energy input - D\) The system\'s initial energy 46. **Which property is not affected by the amount of substance present?** - A\) Extensive property - B\) Intensive property - C\) Control property - D\) Volume property 47. **Which process involves a change in both temperature and pressure?** - A\) Isothermal process - B\) Adiabatic process - C\) Polytropic process - D\) Isochoric process 48. **Which process is characterized by no change in internal energy?** - A\) Isothermal process - B\) Adiabatic process - C\) Isobaric process - D\) Isochoric process 49. **Which law of thermodynamics is also known as the Law of Energy Conservation?** - A\) First Law - B\) Second Law - C\) Third Law - D\) Zeroth Law 50. **What is the purpose of a heat engine?** - A\) To convert heat into work - B\) To convert work into heat - C\) To store energy - D\) To increase internal energy 51. **Which cycle is commonly used to describe the operation of heat engines?** - A\) Carnot cycle - B\) Rankine cycle - C\) Otto cycle - D\) Diesel cycle 52. **What is the efficiency of a Carnot engine dependent on?** - A\) The temperatures of the heat reservoirs - B\) The volume of the system - C\) The pressure of the system - D\) The specific heat of the working fluid 53. **What is a refrigeration cycle used for?** - A\) To transfer heat from a low temperature to a high temperature - B\) To transfer heat from a high temperature to a low temperature - C\) To convert work into heat - D\) To store energy 54. **Which term describes the energy required to raise the temperature of a unit mass by one degree?** - A\) Specific heat - B\) Latent heat - C\) Heat capacity - D\) Enthalpy 55. **What is the main difference between heat and work?** - A\) Heat is energy in transit due to temperature difference, work is energy transfer due to force. - B\) Heat is stored energy, work is potential energy. - C\) Heat is kinetic energy, work is potential energy. - D\) Heat is internal energy, work is external energy. 56. **Which property of a system is defined as the energy per unit mass?** - A\) Specific volume - B\) Specific heat - C\) Specific energy - D\) Specific entropy 57. **What does the term \'enthalpy\' refer to?** - A\) The total energy of a system - B\) The heat content of a system - C\) The work done by a system - D\) The entropy of a system 58. **In a heat engine, what is the work output equal to?** - A\) The heat input minus the heat rejected - B\) The total heat input - C\) The total heat rejected - D\) The change in internal energy 59. **What is the principle behind a heat pump?** - A\) To transfer heat from a low-temperature source to a high-temperature sink - B\) To transfer heat from a high-temperature source to a low-temperature sink - C\) To increase the temperature of a system - D\) To decrease the temperature of a system 60. **Which law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of a perfect crystal at absolute zero is zero?** - A\) First Law - B\) Second Law - C\) Third Law - D\) Zeroth Law **Continuing to Create Questions Covering the Entire Range** 61. **What is the work done in an isobaric process equal to?** - A\) The product of pressure and change in volume - B\) The product of pressure and change in temperature - C\) The change in internal energy - D\) The change in enthalpy 62. **In a closed system, what does the First Law of Thermodynamics equate to?** - A\) The change in internal energy is equal to the heat added minus the work done. - B\) The change in internal energy is equal to the work done minus the heat added. - C\) The change in internal energy is equal to the sum of heat and work. - D\) The change in internal energy is equal to the change in temperature. 63. **Which property is used to measure the disorder of a system?** - A\) Enthalpy - B\) Entropy - C\) Internal energy - D\) Specific heat 64. **What is a polytropic process?** - A\) A process where both temperature and pressure change according to a polytropic index. - B\) A process where only temperature changes. - C\) A process where only pressure changes. - D\) A process with constant internal energy. 65. **In a thermodynamic system, what is the term for energy transferred by a force acting through a distance?** - A\) Work - B\) Heat - C\) Internal energy - D\) Entropy 66. **Which process occurs with no change in internal energy?** - A\) Isothermal - B\) Adiabatic - C\) Isobaric - D\) Isochoric 67. **What is the efficiency of a heat engine defined as?** - A\) The ratio of work output to heat input - B\) The ratio of heat input to work output - C\) The ratio of heat rejected to heat input - D\) The ratio of work output to heat rejected 68. **Which property remains constant during an isothermal process?** - A\) Temperature - B\) Pressure - C\) Volume - D\) Internal energy 69. **What is the specific heat at constant volume (Cv)?** - A\) The heat required to raise the temperature of a unit mass by one degree at constant volume. - B\) The heat required to raise the temperature of a unit mass by one degree at constant pressure. - C\) The heat required to change the phase of a unit mass. - D\) The heat required to maintain constant internal energy. 70. **In an adiabatic process, what happens to the internal energy?** - A\) It changes with no heat transfer. - B\) It remains constant. - C\) It increases. - D\) It decreases. 71. **What is the net work done in a Carnot cycle?** - A\) The difference between the heat absorbed and the heat rejected. - B\) The total heat absorbed. - C\) The total heat rejected. - D\) The change in internal energy. 72. **Which term describes the total energy of a system, including both kinetic and potential energies?** - A\) Enthalpy - B\) Internal energy - C\) Work - D\) Heat 73. **What is the efficiency of a Carnot engine dependent on?** - A\) The temperatures of the heat reservoirs - B\) The volume of the system - C\) The pressure of the system - D\) The specific heat of the working fluid 74. **What does the term \'enthalpy\' refer to?** - A\) The total heat content of a system - B\) The work done by a system - C\) The entropy of a system - D\) The internal energy of a system 75. **Which property is extensive?** - A\) Temperature - B\) Pressure - C\) Volume - D\) Density 76. **What is the main difference between heat and work?** - A\) Heat is energy in transit due to temperature difference, work is energy transfer due to force. - B\) Heat is stored energy, work is potential energy. - C\) Heat is kinetic energy, work is potential energy. - D\) Heat is internal energy, work is external energy. 77. **In a polytropic process, what is the relationship between pressure, volume, and the polytropic index (n)?** - A\) PVn=constantPV\^n = constantPVn=constant - B\) PnV=constantP\^nV = constantPnV=constant - C\) P=VnP = V\^nP=Vn - D\) Pn=VP\^n = VPn=V 78. **What happens to the temperature in an isochoric process when heat is added?** - A\) It increases. - B\) It decreases. - C\) It remains constant. - D\) It fluctuates. 79. **Which term describes the heat required to change the phase of a unit mass of a substance?** - A\) Specific heat - B\) Latent heat - C\) Heat capacity - D\) Enthalpy 80. **Which process is represented by a vertical line on a P-V diagram?** - A\) Isochoric process - B\) Isobaric process - C\) Isothermal process - D\) Adiabatic process **Final Questions to Complete the Set** 81. **What is the main focus of the Second Law of Thermodynamics?** - A\) Entropy increase - B\) Energy conservation - C\) Temperature equilibrium - D\) Phase change 82. **In thermodynamics, what is work defined as?** - A\) Energy transfer due to a temperature difference - B\) Force applied over a distance - C\) Change in volume at constant pressure - D\) Energy required to change phase 83. **What is the principle behind a heat pump?** - A\) To transfer heat from a low-temperature source to a high-temperature sink - B\) To transfer heat from a high-temperature source to a low-temperature sink - C\) To increase the temperature of a system - D\) To decrease the temperature of a system 84. **Which term refers to the energy required to raise the temperature of a unit mass by one degree?** - A\) Specific heat - B\) Latent heat - C\) Heat capacity - D\) Enthalpy 85. **What does the Second Law of Thermodynamics state about entropy in an isolated system?** - A\) It always increases. - B\) It always decreases. - C\) It remains constant. - D\) It fluctuates. 86. **Which law is used to define temperature?** - A\) Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics - B\) First Law of Thermodynamics - C\) Second Law of Thermodynamics - D\) Third Law of Thermodynamics 87. **What is a thermodynamic cycle?** - A\) A sequence of processes that returns a system to its initial state. - B\) A single thermodynamic process. - C\) A process with no heat exchange. - D\) A continuous energy transfer. 88. **In an isobaric process, what happens to the pressure?** - A\) It remains constant. - B\) It increases. - C\) It decreases. - D\) It fluctuates. 89. **Which process involves a change in both temperature and pressure?** - A\) Polytropic process - B\) Isothermal process - C\) Adiabatic process - D\) Isochoric process 90. **Which term describes the heat required to change the phase of a unit mass of a substance?** - A\) Latent heat - B\) Specific heat - C\) Heat capacity - D\) Enthalpy 91. **What is the significance of the Third Law of Thermodynamics?** - A\) It states that the entropy of a perfect crystal at absolute zero is zero. - B\) It describes energy conservation. - C\) It establishes the concept of temperature. - D\) It relates to phase changes. 92. **What is internal energy?** - A\) The sum of all forms of energy in a system. - B\) The energy required to do work. - C\) The energy transferred as heat. - D\) The kinetic energy of the system. 93. **In an isothermal process, what remains constant?** - A\) Temperature - B\) Pressure - C\) Volume - D\) Internal energy 94. **What is the efficiency of a heat engine defined as?** - A\) The ratio of work output to heat input. - B\) The ratio of heat input to work output. - C\) The ratio of heat rejected to heat input. - D\) The ratio of work output to heat rejected. 95. **What does the First Law of Thermodynamics relate to?** - A\) Heat and work - B\) Temperature and volume - C\) Pressure and entropy - D\) Heat and temperature 96. **Which process is characterized by no heat transfer with the surroundings?** - A\) Adiabatic process - B\) Isothermal process - C\) Isobaric process - D\) Isochoric process 97. **In a thermodynamic system, what is the term for energy transferred by a force acting through a distance?** - A\) Work - B\) Heat - C\) Internal energy - D\) Entropy 98. **Which law of thermodynamics is also known as the Law of Energy Conservation?** - A\) First Law - B\) Second Law - C\) Third Law - D\) Zeroth Law 99. **Which type of equilibrium ensures that there are no unbalanced forces within the system?** - A\) Mechanical equilibrium - B\) Thermal equilibrium - C\) Chemical equilibrium - D\) Phase equilibrium 100. **In a heat engine, what is the work output equal to?** Sure, here are the detailed answers for the 100 multiple-choice questions based on the provided Basic Mechanical Engineering PDF. 1. **What is a control volume in thermodynamics?** - **A) A fixed region in space where mass and energy can cross the boundary.** 2. **Which term describes the condition of a system as defined by its properties?** - **B) State** 3. **Which property of a system depends on the amount of matter present?** - **B) Extensive property** 4. **What is a thermodynamic cycle?** - **A) A sequence of processes that returns a system to its initial state.** 5. **Which process occurs at constant pressure?** - **C) Isobaric** 6. **In which type of process does the volume remain constant?** - **D) Isochoric** 7. **What is thermodynamic equilibrium?** - **A) A state where all macroscopic changes cease.** 8. **Which type of equilibrium involves no change in temperature over time?** - **B) Thermal equilibrium** 9. **What is required for a system to be in chemical equilibrium?** - **C) No chemical reactions occur.** 10. **What does the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics establish?** - **A) The basis for measuring temperature.** 11. **Which instrument is commonly used to measure temperature?** - **B) Thermometer** 12. **Which of the following is a temperature scale?** - **C) Kelvin** 13. **What is an isolated system in thermodynamics?** - **B) A system that exchanges neither mass nor energy with its surroundings.** 14. **What defines the state of a thermodynamic system?** - **B) The specific values of its properties at a particular time.** 15. **Which process occurs without any heat exchange with the surroundings?** - **B) Adiabatic** 16. **In a thermodynamic cycle, what happens to the system\'s properties at the end of the cycle?** - **B) They return to their initial values.** 17. **Which type of equilibrium ensures that there are no unbalanced forces within the system?** - **C) Mechanical equilibrium** 18. **Which property is intensive?** - **C) Density** 19. **Which law is used to define temperature?** - **D) Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics** 20. **What kind of process is an isobaric process?** - **B) Constant pressure** 21. **What is work in terms of thermodynamics?** - **B) Force applied over a distance.** 22. **Which of the following is a form of energy interaction?** - **C) Both heat transfer and work done** 23. **According to the First Law of Thermodynamics, energy can neither be created nor destroyed, only\...** - **A) Converted from one form to another.** 24. **In which application of the First Law of Thermodynamics does the internal energy of the system remain constant?** - **A) Isothermal process** 25. **What does the term \'specific heat\' refer to?** - **A) The amount of heat required to change the temperature of a unit mass by one degree.** 26. **Which process involves no heat transfer with the surroundings?** - **A) Adiabatic process** 27. **In an adiabatic process, what happens to the heat?** - **C) There is no heat transfer.** 28. **What is internal energy?** - **A) The sum of all forms of energy in a system.** 29. **Which of the following is not an example of work?** - **C) Heating of a solid** 30. **What is the principle behind the First Law of Thermodynamics?** - **A) Energy conservation** 31. **In thermodynamics, what does a cycle represent?** - **A) A sequence of processes that return the system to its initial state.** 32. **Which process occurs at constant temperature?** - **A) Isothermal** 33. **Which type of energy interaction involves a force causing a displacement?** - **B) Work** 34. **What happens to the internal energy of an ideal gas during an isothermal expansion?** - **C) It remains constant.** 35. **In an isochoric process, what happens to the volume?** - **A) It remains constant.** 36. **What does the First Law of Thermodynamics relate to?** - **A) Heat and work** 37. **What is the significance of the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics?** - **A) It establishes the concept of temperature.** 38. **Which of the following describes a closed system?** - **A) A system that exchanges energy but not mass with its surroundings.** 39. **What is the main focus of the First Law of Thermodynamics?** - **A) Energy conservation** 40. **Which term refers to the energy transfer due to temperature difference?** - **B) Heat** 41. **Which law states that the entropy of an isolated system always increases?** - **B) Second Law of Thermodynamics** 42. **In thermodynamics, what is entropy a measure of?** - **B) System disorder** 43. **What is the significance of the Second Law of Thermodynamics?** - **B) It establishes the direction of energy transfer.** 44. **Which term refers to the energy stored within a system?** - **C) Internal energy** 45. **In a cyclic process, what is the net work done equal to?** - **A) The net heat transfer** 46. **Which property is not affected by the amount of substance present?** - **B) Intensive property** 47. **Which process involves a change in both temperature and pressure?** - **C) Polytropic process** 48. **Which process is characterized by no change in internal energy?** - **A) Isothermal process** 49. **Which law of thermodynamics is also known as the Law of Energy Conservation?** - **A) First Law** 50. **What is the purpose of a heat engine?** - **A) To convert heat into work** 51. **Which cycle is commonly used to describe the operation of heat engines?** - **A) Carnot cycle** 52. **What is the efficiency of a Carnot engine dependent on?** - **A) The temperatures of the heat reservoirs** 53. **What is a refrigeration cycle used for?** - **A) To transfer heat from a low temperature to a high temperature** 54. **Which term describes the energy required to raise the temperature of a unit mass by one degree?** - **A) Specific heat** 55. **What is the main difference between heat and work?** - **A) Heat is energy in transit due to temperature difference, work is energy transfer due to force.** 56. **Which property of a system is defined as the energy per unit mass?** - **C) Specific energy** 57. **What does the term \'enthalpy\' refer to?** - **B) The heat content of a system** 58. **In a heat engine, what is the work output equal to?** - **A) The heat input minus the heat rejected** 59. **What is the principle behind a heat pump?** - **A) To transfer heat from a low-temperature source to a high-temperature sink** 60. **Which law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of a perfect crystal at absolute zero is zero?** - **C) Third Law** 61. **What is the work done in an isobaric process equal to?** - **A) The product of pressure and change in volume** 62. **In a closed system, what does the First Law of Thermodynamics equate to?** - **A) The change in internal energy is equal to the heat added minus the work done.** 63. **Which property is used to measure the disorder of a system?** - **B) Entropy** 64. **What is a polytropic process?** - **A) A process where both temperature and pressure change according to a polytropic index.** 65. **In a thermodynamic system, what is the term for energy transferred by a force acting through a distance?** - **A) Work** 66. **Which process occurs with no change in internal energy?** - **A) Isothermal** 67. **What is the efficiency of a heat engine defined as?** - **A) The ratio of work output to heat input** 68. **Which property remains constant during an isothermal process?** - **A) Temperature** 69. **What is the specific heat at constant volume (Cv)?** - **A) The heat required to raise the temperature of a unit mass by one degree at constant volume.** 70. **In an adiabatic process, what happens to the internal energy?** - **A) It changes with no heat transfer.** 71. **What is the net work done in a Carnot cycle?** - **A) The difference between the heat absorbed and the heat rejected.** 72. **Which term describes the total energy of a system, including both kinetic and potential energies?** - **B) Internal energy** 73. **What is the efficiency of a Carnot engine dependent on?** - **A) The temperatures of the heat reservoirs** 74. **What does the term \'enthalpy\' refer to?** - **B) The heat content of a system** 75. **Which process occurs at constant volume?** - **D) Isochoric** 76. **What is the principle behind the Second Law of Thermodynamics?** - **B) Entropy of an isolated system always increases** 77. **What does the Third Law of Thermodynamics state?** - **C) Entropy of a perfect crystal at absolute zero is zero** 78. **In which process does the temperature remain constant?** - **A) Isothermal** 79. **Which property is not affected by the amount of substance present?** - **B) Intensive property** 80. **What is the main focus of the First Law of Thermodynamics?** - **A) Energy conservation** 81. **Which term describes the energy transfer due to temperature difference?** - **B) Heat** 82. **Which of the following describes a closed system?** - **A) A system that exchanges energy but not mass with its surroundings.** 83. **What is the purpose of a heat engine?** - **A) To convert heat into work** 84. **Which cycle is commonly used to describe the operation of heat engines?** - **A) Carnot cycle** 85. **What is the efficiency of a Carnot engine dependent on?** - **A) The temperatures of the heat reservoirs** 86. **Which property remains constant during an isothermal process?** - **A) Temperature** 87. **What is the work done in an isobaric process equal to?** - **A) The product of pressure and change in volume** 88. **What does the term \'enthalpy\' refer to?** - **B) The heat content of a system** 89. **What is a polytropic process?** - **A) A process where both temperature and pressure change according to a polytropic index.** 90. **In a closed system, what does the First Law of Thermodynamics equate to?** - **A) The change in internal energy is equal to the heat added minus the work done.** 91. **Which law states that the entropy of an isolated system always increases?** - **B) Second Law of Thermodynamics** 92. **In a cyclic process, what is the net work done equal to?** - **A) The net heat transfer** 93. **Which type of equilibrium ensures that there are no unbalanced forces within the system?** - **C) Mechanical equilibrium** 94. **What is internal energy?** - **A) The sum of all forms of energy in a system.** 95. **Which process occurs at constant temperature?** - **A) Isothermal** 96. **What is work in terms of thermodynamics?** - **B) Force applied over a distance.** 97. **In a thermodynamic system, what is the term for energy transferred by a force acting through a distance?** - **A) Work** 98. **Which process occurs with no change in temperature?** - **A) Isothermal** 99. **In which type of process does the pressure remain constant?** - **C) Isobaric** 100. **What is the main focus of the Third Law of Thermodynamics?** - **A) Entropy of a perfect crystal at absolute zero is zero**