Muscles of the Body PDF

Muscles of the Body Axial Musculature  The Axial Musculature The axial muscles can be placed into four groups based on location or function – Muscles of the head and neck – Muscles of the vertebral column – Oblique and rectus muscles – Muscles of the pelvic floor  Musc...

Muscles of the Body Axial Musculature  The Axial Musculature The axial muscles can be placed into four groups based on location or function – Muscles of the head and neck – Muscles of the vertebral column – Oblique and rectus muscles – Muscles of the pelvic floor  Muscles of Facial Expression- Innervated by Facial nerve Epicranius (Occipitofrontalis) Frontalis O: epicranial aponeurosis (EA) I: eyebrow tissue A: Occipitalis O: Occipital bone I: EA A:  Muscles of Facial Expression Corrugator supercilii I: skin of eyebrow A: Orbicularis oculi I: eyelids A: Levator palpebrae superioris I: eyelid A: Orbicularis Oris I: angles of mouth A: Buccinator I: orbicularis oris A:  Muscles of Facial Expression… continued Risorius I: angle of mouth A: Zygomaticus Major O: Zygomatic bone I: Orbicularis oris: A: Zygomaticus Minor Procerus Nasalis  Muscles of Facial Expression… continuation Levator labii superioris O: maxilla I: orbicularis oris A: Depressor labii inferioris O: mandible I: lower lip A: Depressor anguli oris O: mandible I: corner of orbicularis oris A:  Muscles of Facial Expression…more Mentalis I: Skin of chin A: Platysma I: mandible & corner of mouth A:  Pharyngeal Constrictor Muscles Inferior middle superior A: constricts pharynx to move food down towards the esophagus  Muscles of Mastication Temporalis O: temporal lines I: coronoid process- mandible A: Masseter O: maxilla, zygomatic arch I: mandible angle A: What is superficial to temporalis? Temporoparietalis  Muscles of Mastication…continued Medial pterygoid O: medial pterygoid process I: mandible A: Lateral pterygoid O: lateral pterygoid process I: mandible A:  Muscles of Tongue Intrinsic muscles of the tongue within tongue, helps to change shape of tongue during speech & eating etc. Glossus group all innervated by Hypoglossal N. A:  Muscles of Head & Neck (posterior) Capitis Group: - Semispinalis - Splenius capitis - Longissimus capitis O: cervical & thoracic vertebrae I: occipital bone, mastoid process A:  Capitis Group A.Longissimus capitis B.Splenius capitis C.Semispinalis  Muscles of Head & Neck- SCM Sternocleidomastoid O: sternum, clavicle I: mastoid process Bilaterally: Unilaterally:  Muscles of Head & Neck Sternohyoid O: manubrium I: hyoid A: Sternothyroid O: manubrium I: thyroid cartilage A: Thyrohyoid O: thyroid cartilage I: hyoid A:  Muscles of Neck Omohyoid (2 bellies) O: scapula I: hyoid A: Digastric (2 bellies) Anterior belly Posterior belly O: mandible O: mastoid process I: hyoid I: hyoid A:  Muscles of Head & Neck… continued Mylohyoid O: mylohyoid line I: hyoid A: Geniohyoid O: inside of mandible I: hyoid A: Stylohyoid O: styloid process I: hyoid A:  Muscles of Neck…continued Scalenes: Anterior, middle, posterior O: TPs of cervical vertebrae I: ribs 1 & 2 A:  Muscles of Deep back -Vertebral Muscles Erector Spinae complex 3 columns - Spinalis - Longissimus - Iliocostalis A: Prime mover of back, Helps control bending Unilaterally: bends trunk laterally  Deep Back Muscle Quadratus lumborum O: iliac crest I: 12th rib A: depresses 12th rib during respiration Unilateral contraction: flexes trunk to same side of contraction  Extrinsic Eye Muscles Medial & Lateral rectus Superior & inferior rectus Superior oblique Inferior oblique O: common tendon on sphenoid, except inferior oblique I: insert on sclera of the eye Muscles of the Eye  Muscles of Breathing Diaphragm: Broad muscle (phrenic nerve) I: central tendon A:  Muscles of Breathing…continued External intercostals Elevates rib cage Internal intercostals Depresses rib cage  Muscles of the Abdomen Rectus abdominis A: flexes trunk & increases intra-abdominal pressure External oblique A: flexes & rotates trunk Internal oblique A: flexes & rotates trunk Transversus abdominis A: compresses abdominal contents Abdominal Muscle Layers Layers of Abdominal Muscles  Abdominal Muscles Anterior & posterior rectus sheath meet at midline to form linea alba  Rotator Cuff Muscles All insert around the humeral head - Supraspinatus - Infraspinatus - Teres minor - Subscapularis  Rotator Cuff Deep muscles of shoulder. Deltoid is superficial  Pelvic Floor Perineum (pelvic floor), divided into 2 triangles: - Urogenital triangle - Anal triangle Superficial transverse perineal muscle Levator ani muscle Levator Ani