NERVOUS TISSUE PDF

NERVOUS TISSUE Holló Krisztina PhD Dept. Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, UD Central nervous system Peripheral nervous system (CNS) (PNS) Brain Peripheral nerves Spinal cord Gang...

NERVOUS TISSUE Holló Krisztina PhD Dept. Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, UD Central nervous system Peripheral nervous system (CNS) (PNS) Brain Peripheral nerves Spinal cord Ganglia Ordovas‐Montanes J et al (Trends in Immunology, 2015)  NERVOUS TISSUE Nerve cell (NEURON) SUPPORTING CELLS, glia (CNS:neuroglia) Central nervous system (CNS) Astrocyte Oligodendrocyte / glia Microglia Ependyma + specialized glia Extracellular matrix, Peripheral nervous system (PNS) Schwann cell blood vessels Satellite cell Nerve cell (neuron)  Nerve cell (neuron) variable morphology Nerve cell (neuron)  Neuron Nerve cell cell body / soma / perikaryon (neuron) euchromatic nucleus Dendrites are receptor processes Axons are effector processes that that receive stimuli form other transmit stimuli to other neurons neurons or form the external or effector cells environment axon hillock dendrite axon Synapse Axons are effector processes that transmit stimuli to other neurons or effector cells Chemical synapse  Luxol fast blue + HE Gold impregnation + toluidine blue HE staining Gold impregnation Neurofilament IHC Supporting cells of nervous tissue (GLIA) Forrás: Queensland Brain Institute Astrocyte Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) Brain (Cajal’s gold impregnation) Movement of metabolites to and from neurons Induce the formation of blood brain barrier Remove excess neurotransmitters Glial end‐foot Glial limiting membrane beneath pia mater Modulate neuronal activities Protoplasmic astrocytes in grey matter Fibrous astrocytes in white matter Microglia Approx. 5% of glial cells Phagocytic cell Derived from granulocyte/monocyte progenitors Member of the mononuclear phagocytic system (MPS)  Oligodendrocyte Formation of myeline sheath in the CNS  Choroid plexus: Ependyma Production of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Central canal of spinal cord Line brain ventricles and the central canal of spinal cord Cuboidal or low columnar epithelial‐like cells Lack basal lamina Apical surface possess cilia and microvilli Peripheral supporting cell (glia) PNS Peripheral nerve Connective tissue components: Epineurium Perineurium Endoneurium Peripheral nerve (HE) Nerve fiber fascicle Perineurium Epineurium Nerve fiber Non-myelinated fibers myelinated fibers Node of Ranvier Demyelinizációs kórkép: sclerosis multiplex Demyelinisation disease: multiple sclerosis  Serve as relay stations PNS: Ganglia Aggregations of neuron cell bodies + supporting cells (satellite and Schwann cells) spinal nerve SENSORY AUTONOMIC Spinal (or dorsal root) Sympathetic: along vertebral column pseudounipolar nerve cells Parasympathetic: in end organs, such as wall of bowel Enteric: wall of alimentary canal Multipolar nerve cells Sensory ganglion Pseudounipolar nerve cell (ganglion cell) Satellite cell nucleus Autonomic ganglia Multipolar nerve cell (ganglion cell) Satellite cell nucleus  Ganglion cells Urinary bladder (HE) Parasympathetic ggl  Ganglion cell Enteric nervous system myenteric plexus Colon (HE) Nerve fiber Nerve cell (neuron) Axons are effector processes that transmit stimuli to other neurons or effector cells Neuromuscular junction Muscle spindle: Stretch receptor organ  Receptors in skin Merkel cell Free nerve endings Fine touch, heat, cold, pain Meissner’s corpuscle Mechanoreceptors of low‐frequency vibrations Pacinian corpuscle Mechanoreceptors of pressure, vibration Neurodegenerative disorders  Wheater’s Functional Histology Ross MH, Pawlina W: Histology. Text and Atlas. Röhlich P et al.: Szövettan Langman’s Medical Embryology Sadava D et al.: Life: the Science of Biology. Gartner LP, Hiatt J: Concise Histology. Other scientific papers, figures freely available on the internet.