Agrarian Reform Lesson 10 PDF

Agrarian Reform Lesson 10 American Colonization Period The colonial government tried to solve the agrarian problem by purchasing the “friar lands” from religious corporations and selling them to tenants. However, much of the land ended up with new landlords who were mostly Filipinos Agr...

Agrarian Reform Lesson 10 American Colonization Period The colonial government tried to solve the agrarian problem by purchasing the “friar lands” from religious corporations and selling them to tenants. However, much of the land ended up with new landlords who were mostly Filipinos Agrarian problem worsened and many tenants soon began to resort to armed means to “get back their land” Tayug Uprising in Pangasinan (1931); Sakdalista Uprising (1935) American Colonization Period Quezon’s “social justice program” attempted to stop the agrarian unrest in Central Luzon and alleviate the poverty of the farmers Commonwealth Era Quezon enacted some land reform laws during CP - Commonwealth Act. No. 178 (controls in the landlord- tenant relationships) He also created National Rice and Corn Corporation (NARIC) in 1936 to control the prices of rice and corn Rural Program Administration office was created in 1939 – mandated to facilitate the sale or lease of the haciendas to the tenants Third to Fifth Republic Agrarian problems still remained even after the Philippine Independence in 1946 Agrarian unrest became part of a full-blown revolt against the government HUKBALAHAP to Hukbong Mapagpalaya ng Bayan (People’s Liberation Army) Third to Fifth Republic (ROXAS) R.A. No. 34 – established 70-30 sharing arrangements between landlord and tenants and regulated share- tenancy contracts R.A. No. 55 – provided security to tenants from arbitrary ejectment from the land they are cultivating Third to Fifth Republic (QUIRINO) E. O. No. 355 – replaced the National Land Settlement Administration to Land Settlement Development Corporation (LASEDECO) Third to Fifth Republic (MAGSAYSAY) R.A. No. 1199 or Agricultural Tenancy Act of 1954 – governed the tenant-landowner relationship by organizing the share-tenancy and leasehold system; created Court of Agrarian Relations R.A. No. 1400 (Land Reform Act of 1955) and R.A. No. 821 (Creation of Agricultural Credit Cooperative Financing Administration) R.A. 1400 created the Land Tenure Administration (LTA) to handle the acquisition and distribution of large tenanted rice and corn lands over 200 hectares for individuals and 600 hectares for corporations Third to Fifth Republic (MACAPAGAL) R.A. No. 3844 or Agricultural Land Reform Code – heavily favored tenant farmers; included abolition of share tenancy and provided for the leasing of agrarian lands to farmers; also set a retention limit of 75 hectares for landowners; invested rights of preemption and redemption for tenant farmers; put in place an administrative machinery for implementation; institutionalized a judicial system for agrarian cases; and incorporated extension, marketing, and supervised credit system of services for farmer beneficiaries Third to Fifth Republic (MARCOS) Marcos declared the entire country a land reform area through Presidential Decree No. 2 R.A. No. 6389 or Code of Agrarian Reform – created the Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR) DAR was renamed Ministry of Agrarian Reform in 1978 under the parliamentary system P.D. No. 27 – provided for tenanted lands devoted to rice and corn to pass ownership to tenants, and lowered the ceiling for landholding to 7 hectares Third to Fifth Republic (C. AQUINO) R.A. No. 6657 or Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law or CARL – offer lawful basis for the implementation of the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program or CARP The program was deemed failure since Aquino was a member of the Cojuangco family which owned one of the largest haciendas in Luzon – Hacienda Luisita Third to Fifth Republic (RAMOS) R.A. No. 7905 – strengthened the implementation of CARP Limited the land conversion scheme by making certain types of agricultural land as non- negotiable for conversion or highly- restricted to be converted R.A. No. 8532 or Agrarian Reform Fund Bill – provided additional Php50B for CARP and extended its implementation for 10 years Third to Fifth Republic (ESTRADA) E.O. No. 151 – consolidated small farm operations into medium or large scale enterprises to qualify for long-term capital Ordered DAR to plan joint projects between private investors and the agrarian sector under his Magkabalikat Para sa Kaunlarang Agraryo or MAGKASAKA program Third to Fifth Republic (ARROYO) DAR was renamed twice: Department of Land (2004) & DAR again (2005) E.O. N0. 456 instructed Department of land Reform to revert its original names; R.A. No. 9700 extending CARP for another 5 years beginning July 2009; allots Php150B for the acquisition and distribution of 1.6 million hectares of land for 1.2 million beneficiaries and the provision of support services for farmers Third to Fifth Republic (B. Aquino) Have not fared well a report by a NGO, the Focus on the Global South in 2013 showed a dismal performance by the DAR in land redistribution in spite of the promise by the government to complete it by June 2014