PPL Flight Plan of Actions PDF

PPL Plan of Actions Due to progress of PPL being largely based on performance and scheduling, these tasks are broken into sections. Each section will be assigned as additional homework to have memorized and researched prior to the end of the week Section 1- PPL Privileges...

PPL Plan of Actions Due to progress of PPL being largely based on performance and scheduling, these tasks are broken into sections. Each section will be assigned as additional homework to have memorized and researched prior to the end of the week Section 1- PPL Privileges and limitations/ Required documents 61.113 61.3 V Speeds in AOM Climb checklist Cruise checklist Section 2-PPL PAVE checklist P-Pilot (Legal pilot requirements)= Valid government photo ID, Medical, Pilots License. (Current)=three take off and landings in preceding 90 days to be PIC of an aircraft with passengers to a touch and go in the day, full stop landing at night. Bi annual flight review must be completed witching 24 calendar months (61.57) (Safe)=IMSAFE checklist A-Aircraft (Legal) =MARROWPCG (Current)= AVIATES (Safe)=Preflight check V-enViromoent (91.103) NWKRAFT E-External Factors (will learn later) Acronyms Minimum Equipment List A-Airworthiness certificate (does not expire, can only lose if aircraft is no longe maintained) R-Registration( expires federally every three years, state expiration is every year) R-Radio License- A license for an aircraft traveling across national borders such as Mexico, both you and the aircraft would need a radio license O-Operating handbook or POH (tail number specific) W-Weight and balance (Tail number specific) P-Placards( mandatory signs on the aircraft listed in section 2 of the POH) C-Compass deviation card G-GPS manual A-Airworthiness Directives V-Vor check within preceding 30 days (list of different types of VOR Checks in 1-1-4) I-inspections (three types of inspections: Annual, 100 Hr and Progressive) A-Altimeter (must be checked within preceding 24 calendar months) T-Transponder must be checked within preceding 24 calendar months) E-ELT must be checked within preceding 12 calendar months and must be replaced if battery is at half of its battery life or an hour of cumulative usage. N-Notams (notice to air missions) W-Weather K-Known ATC delays R-Runway lengths A-Alternatives F-Fuel requirements T-Take off and landing distances I-Illnesses M-Medication S-Stress A-Alchol (can not have a blood alchol content of more than 0.04 percent, have been drinking within 8 hours of flight and can not be still feeling effects of drinking such as hangover) F-Fatigue E-Emotions E-Eat something Section 3- Continuation of PAVE Checklist Medical age requirements 61.23- Memorize first class, second class and third class time lengths for above and below 40 years old. Memorize pre maneuver checklist and descent checklist Section 4-Airworthiness Section (AVIATES) Airworthiness directives are released bi monthly, there is two main types of ADS. First group is called normal. Normal consists of two subgroups called onetime and reoccurring. This is referring to the number of times this AD needs to be performed. For instance lets say this aircraft has a history of the tire falling off the landing gear durring maximum braking. A reoccurring AD might be created for a maintenance to check these tires every couple of months or certain number of flight hours. Lets say however Piper figured out a way to stop this happening, they might submit to the FAA a resolution and the FAA submits a AD telling us how to fix this problem. This is a one time AD as we have just fixed the problem. The second group of AD’s is Emergency. This is abnormal situation such as landing gears falling off or engines cutting mid flight. This seriously affects our safety and needs to be fixed immediately. Both groups normal and emergency are regulatory and mandatory compliance is a must but what if you are at an airport where there is no maintenance? You can apply for a flight permit from the FISDO which is basically a permission slip to fly somewhere to get maintenance. VOR-Type of instrument we have on board that helps us navigate. This instrument needs to be checked within the preceding 30 days. (1-1-4) states 6 types of checks. Ground check, VOT, Bench test, Airborne, Dual Vor check and Homemade. All tests on the ground need to be within 4 degrees of a specified radial, all flight orientated Vor checks need to be within 6 degrees of a specified radial except the dual Vor check(this needs to be within 4 degrees of each other, this is called a dual check because you are using two VOR Receivers). (Do not worry about learning how to perform each check at this moment, just focus on learning the different names of the checks, how many degrees do they need to be within for the check to pass and how often you have to perform a VOR check) Inspections-Three types of inspections called the Annual, 100 hr and the progressive. Annual-must be completed within 12 calendar months. This is basically a full check up of the plane where a higher level mechanic with more training and experience verifies that your aircraft is safe. 100 hr-This is a inspection specifically for aircrafts that are operating for hire. Every 100 hrs your aircraft is inspected for areas of greater concern. This is basically a summary of your aircraft, it is not as thorough as an annual check. This is also performed by a lesser experienced and trained mechanic compared to the Annual inspection. Can be underflown or overflown by 10 hours (we will talk about this in person as this is a little confusing) Ex: if my aircraft is for hire I would need to do both an annual and 100 hr inspections. If my aircraft was four personal use and not for hire, I would just need to do a annual inspection. Progressive inspection This is a inspection that allows a company to have their aircrafts return from maintenance faster as there is a larger amount in number of inspections but the aircrafts then are back on the line typically much faster and ready for use. This is accomplished through this system One event is completed every 50 hours. 2 events=100 hr inspection 4 events equals an annual( as long as all four events have been completed within the 12 calendar months) A-Altimeter-(91.411 preceding 24 calendar months) T-Transponder-(91.413 preceding 24 calendar months) E-Emergency locator transmitter (preceding 12 calendar months) S-Static system (preceding 24 calendar months) Extra knowledge- How can i determine my altimeter setting? (Look for answer in 91.121) Section 5- Broken equipment (91.213) When you have a broken piece of equipment, you need to determine if your aircraft is still airworthy, can I still fly today? Here is a few easy steps to determine the answer. Step one- ask yourself “ does your company have a Minimum equipment list or not” If yes-look in the list and see if the list has that part. If it does have the part read the comments and see if it is allowed to be deferred( fixed later) and if so for how long. If the list does not mention the part. STOP!!!! This aircraft is not airworthy. Even if it is something simple like a static wick, if it is not in the list, you can not fly. Step two- Check four documents  Day type certificate data sheet Airworthiness directives Kinds of operating equipment lists 91.205 (ATOMATO FLAMES, FLAPS) If the equipment is required by any of these documents, it is not airworthy and can not be flown until it is fixed. If it is not required then you can fly Step three- now that you determined if the aircraft is airworthy or not, you must now make the aircraft safe for the flight. You have two options, you can either remove the piece of equipment or placard the item and deactivate it( if applicable). This last option is the easiest as placarding simply means some way of showing it is inop such as a piece of masking tape saying in op or a sticky note. Deactivating is as simple as pulling a circuit breaker and putting a plastic ring around it so it cant be pushed back in without fixing the part. Removing the item is much more work. Ultimately you are removing somehting form the aircraft so that is difficult plus you would have to update the weight and balance of the aircraft. Step four- you have to decide if it is safe and airworthy. So at this point you have determined that the aircraft is legally airworthy but now you have to ask yourself is it safe to operate this way. You have the final say and ultimately it’s your responsibility to evaluate this responsibly. Acronyms Every item on this list if applicable must be operating or aircraft can not fly (unless a MEL has been created and says it is ok ATOMATO FLAMES is equipment required to be operating during day time A-Airspeed indicator T-Tachometer (RPMS) O-Oil Pressure gauge M-Manifold Pressure gauge (Not applicable on archer) A-Altimeter T-Temp gauge for liquid cooled engines (not applicable for archer) O-Oil Temperature gauge F-Fuel gauge L-Landing gear lights A-Anti collision lights M-Magentic compass E-ELT S-Seatbelts FLAPS is for night time (note that this is in addition to ATOMATO FLAMES if operating at night) F-Fuses/circuit breakers L-Landing lights (only technically for hire, you need at least one operating) A-Anti collision lights P-Positon Lights (NAV Lights) S-Source of power (alternator/generator) Section 6- Checklists Approach checklist and before landing checklist Emergency checklist engine fire during start Section 7- Weather (PHAK is a good reference for this) What is a cold front? Warm front? Occcluded front? Stationary front? Weather associated with each of them Direction of movement for high pressure and low pressure fronts. Section 8- Weather What are the different types of fog and how do they form? Three stages of thunderstorms is what? What is a microburst? What is the equation for Density altitude? What is the equation for pressure altitude? Section 9-Types of reports(PHAK 13-12) Airmet- relatively milder (doesn’t affect large aircrafts but will definitely make a difference for small aircrafts like an archer) Airmets are valid for 6 hours Tango- issued for moderate turbulence or surface winds greater than 30 knots Sierra- issued for widespread mountain obscuration or ceilings lower than 1000 ft and or 3 sm visibility Zulu- issued for moderate icing or freezing levels Sigmet- a very serious weather event that affects everyone no matter the size of aircraft. Valid for four hours except when in relation to a hurricane then it is valid for 6 hours. Sigmet can be issued for - Severe icing/ turbulence not associated with a thunderstorm, dust storms, volcanoes and hurricanes. Convective Sigmet- Severe weather associated with thunderstorms Valid for 2 hours Convective SIGMETs are issued for  severe thunderstorms with surface winds greater than 50 knots, hail at the surface greater than or equal to ¾ inch in diameter, tornadoes. embedded thunderstorms, lines of thunderstorms thunderstorms with heavy or greater precipitation that affect 40 percent or more of a 3,000 square mile or greater region. CWA-Civil Weather Advisory- Everything that doesn’t fit into these categories( Airmet, Sigmet or convection Sigmet) Section 10- Notams/ fuel requirements 7 types of NOTAMS Notams-Notice to air missions #1 D notam-closures typically runway closures, taxiways, FBO closures or terrain #2 FDC notams-Changes to instrument approaches or procedures #3 International notams-Notams agreed upon by multiple agencies so for example mexicos version of the FAA agrees with us that a notam needs to be made for a certain circumstance #4 Miltary notams- Doesn’t apply to us, only for military. #5 Pointer notams-Indicator to look somewhere else for more information (kinda like a sign saying “ go to this website for more information” except in aviation it would be a website but a place such as maybe the chart supplement or another notam that adds more information. Pointer notams have recently been condensed into the D notam category. Fuel requirements - during day you need an extra supply fo 30 minutes of fuel. At night you need an extra supply of 45 minutes of fuel. This is a minimum and doesn’t represent always the safest choice as more fuel is better. Aeroguard requires a minimum of an hour extra fuel. Section 11 External factors- Look in PHAK and describe the following illusions I-Inversion illusion C-Coriolis illusion E-elevator illusion F-false horizons L-leans A-autokinesis G-graveyard spin/spiral S-somatogravic illusion Hypoxia-is a state of lack of oxygen. There is four types of hypoxia. Hypoxic, hypemeic, histotoxic and stagnant. (We will talk about these together, for now just memorize the names of the four different types of hypoxia as well as the definition of hypoxia.) Section 12- Emergency checklists Troubleshoot Engine fire during flight Electrical fire Section 13- Airspace’s Weather minimums for A,B,C,D,E and G (91.155) Equipment requirements for all airspace Minimum pilot certification for each airspace Maximum speed in each airspace (91.117) What is required for entry into each airspace Special VFR weather minimums (61.56) Section 14- chart symbology Study chart symbology Legend ( I will provide this) Study chart supplement information ( I will provide this) YouTube watch mock check ride oral videos (act like your in the oral and your being asked the question, pause video so you can give your honest answer and then see if you were right) Section 15- Lost communications procedure I will provide you a hand out for this as well. For VFR however you can follow these steps Step 1- troubleshoot Step 2-Squawk 7600 Step 3-proceed to a class D or uncontrolled airport (use VFR altitudes) Step 4-remain outside of airspace until you can determine direction of pattern. Step 5- enter into pattern and await light gun signals (91.125 memorize light gun signals) Step 6 follow light gun signals until you land Important notes-we live in a century where we have many means of communication, at lower altitudes you may have phone signal, call the tower on your phone. FYI you may need to get ATC attention when waiting for light gun signals, flash your lights and rock your wings. You do not need light gun signals to enter airspace, you simply need to determine direction of pattern. Update- I will be working on a pre stage three document to help you prepare, this document is just a good starting point to direct some of your study time so it is productive. There is many other things to study such as systems, regulations and weather. This document is just meant to help provoke thought and correct some commonly missed areas.