Plant and Animal Tissues PDF

Plant tissues 1. Meristematic tissue: rapid cell division, lengthening of shoots and roots 2. Dermal tissue: covering for the plant body 3. Ground tissue: support, photosynthesis, and storage 4. Vascular tissue: conduction of water, food, and dissolved minerals; strengthens and...

Plant tissues 1. Meristematic tissue: rapid cell division, lengthening of shoots and roots 2. Dermal tissue: covering for the plant body 3. Ground tissue: support, photosynthesis, and storage 4. Vascular tissue: conduction of water, food, and dissolved minerals; strengthens and supports the plant Meristematic Tissue cells that do not differentiate cells retain the ability to divide Types: 1. Apical – primary growth at root and shoot tips 2. Lateral – secondary growth in trees and shrubs 3. Intercalary – secondary growth in monocot stems Dermal Tissue Epidermis Epidermis Single layer of cells called the epidermis in herbaceous plants guard cells trichomes root hairs Functions absorption secretion of cuticle protection Cuticle Cuticle control of gas exchange  Ground Tissue PARENCHYMA COLLENCHYMA SCLERENCHYMA Characteristics spherical elongated cells with with primary and secondary thin-walled unevenly thickened cell walls cell walls living, metabolizing tissue alive at maturity dead at functional maturity Location throughout the plant beneath the epidermis in fibers in wood, bark, leaves, young stems and in leaf veins stems sclereids in fruits and seeds Functions photosynthesis and respiration flexible support system structural support storage regeneration Appearance  Vascular Tissue Xylem Conducts water and dissolved minerals from the roots Phloem Conducts dissolved food materials, carbohydrates, in solution Continuous throughout plant Support plant body Four Types of Animal Tissues Epithelial Tissue (Covering) Tightly-joined closely-packed cells One side of exposed to air or internal fluid, other side attached to a basement membrane Covers outside of the body and lines internal organs and cavities Barrier against mechanical injury, invasive microorganisms, and fluid loss Provides surface for absorption, excretion and transport of molecules Types of Epithelial Tissue Cell shape 1. Squamous 2. Cuboidal 3. Columnar Number of cell layers 1. Simple 2. Pseudostratified 3. Stratified RELATE STRUCTURE TO FUNCTION!  Binding and support of other tissues  Large amount of extracellular matrix with fewer cells  ECM - network of fibers in liquid, jelly-like or solid matrix Muscle Tissue Composed of long cells called muscle fibers (Movement) Contraction → movement Nervous tissue (Control) Senses stimuli and transmits Axon nerve impulses Dendrite Single cell body with long Cell body extensions (axons and dendrites) ACTIVITY 1