Network and System Admin PDF

Summary

This document provides a lecture on network and system administration. It includes topics such as system and network introduction, operating systems, and responsibilities of network and system administrators. It also highlights ethical considerations, professional conduct, and communication, ultimately aiming to teach system administrators about best practices.

Full Transcript

# LECTURE ONE ## Introduction to System and Network Administration ### Topics Covered: - Introduction - Responsibility and Ethics of System and Network Administrator - Operating Systems: Windows vs Unix Variants ### What is System? - A system is a collection of elements or components that are org...

# LECTURE ONE ## Introduction to System and Network Administration ### Topics Covered: - Introduction - Responsibility and Ethics of System and Network Administrator - Operating Systems: Windows vs Unix Variants ### What is System? - A system is a collection of elements or components that are organized for a common purpose. - A set of detailed methods, procedures, and routines created to carry out a specific activity, perform a duty, or solve a problem. - All systems have inputs, outputs, and feedback mechanisms. ### What is Network? - A group of interconnected (via wire and/or wireless) devices and peripherals that is capable of sharing software and hardware resources among many users. ### What is Network Administration? - The terms network administration and system administration exist separately; however, they are used variously and inconsistently by industry and academics. - It is the management of network infrastructure devices (routers and switches). ### What is System Administration? </h3> - Is a branch of engineering mainly concerned with the operational management of human-computer systems. - An organized collaboration between humans and computers to solve a problem or provide a service. - Is the term used traditionally by mainframe and Unix engineers to describe the management of computers whether they are coupled by a network or not. ### Do you think System Administration is an Administrative Job? - Definitely, No. - It is an extremely demanding engineer's job, so that a System Administrator has to know a bit of everything. - It requires a skill, technique, administration, and socio-psychological knowledge and wisdom. - It has to know about hardware, software, user support, diagnosis, repair and prevention of system threats. ### What is the Key Role of Network and System Administration? - It is to build hardware configuration and to configure software systems. ### Network and System Administrators - **Network Administrator**: A person who is responsible to administer, manage and maintain the network design, configuration and infrastructure development. - **System Administrator**: A person who is responsible to administer users, maintaining the system, create file systems, install software and other related issues. ### Responsibilities of the Network Administrator - Designing and Planning the Network - Setting up the Network - Maintaining the Network - Expanding the Network ### Responsibilities of the System Administrator - User Administration (Setup and Maintaining Account) - Maintaining System - Verify that Peripherals are Working Properly - Quickly Arrange Repair for Hardware in the occasion of Hardware Failure - Monitor System Performance - Create File Systems - Install Software - Create a Backup and Recover Policy - Monitor Network Communication ### Responsibilities of the System Administrator... - Update system as soon as the new version of OS and application software comes out. - Implement the Policies for the use of the Computer System and Network. - Setup Security Policies for users. A sysadmin must have a strong grasp of computer security (e.g. firewalls and intrusion detection systems). - Documentation in the form of Internal Wiki - Password and Identity Management ### System Administrators' Code of Ethics - **Professionalism** - It maintains professional conduct in the workplace and will not allow personal feelings or beliefs. - **Personal Integrity** - It avoids conflicts of interest and biases whenever possible. - **Privacy** - It maintains and protects the confidentiality of any information to which the sysadmin may have access. - **Laws and Policies** - The sysadmin should educate himself and others on relevant laws, regulations, and policies regarding the performance of his/her duties. ### System Administrators' Code of Ethics... - **Communication** - The sysadmin should communicate with management, users, and colleagues about computer matters of mutual interest. - **System Integrity** - The sysadmin should strive to ensure the necessary integrity, reliability, and availability of the systems. - **Education** - The sysadmin should continue to update and enhance technical knowledge and other work-related skills. - **Responsibility to Computing Community** - The sysadmin should cooperate with the larger computing community to maintain the integrity of the network and computing resources. ### System Administrators' Code of Ethics... - **Social Responsibility** - The sysadmin should encourage the writing and adoption of relevant policies and laws consistent with the ethical principles. - **Ethical Responsibility** - The sysadmin should strive to build and maintain a safe, healthy, and productive workplace. ### Operating Systems: Windows vs Unix Variants - **What is Operating System?** - An operating system (OS) is a system software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common services for computer programs. - Is the program that, after being initially loaded into the computer by a boot program, manages all the other programs in a computer. ### Operating Systems: Windows vs Unix Variants... - **Three Key Elements of any Operating System:** - **Technical Layer of Software:** For driving the hardware of the computer, like disk drives, the keyboard and the screen. - **File System:** Which provides a way of organizing files logically. - **User Interface:** Which enables users to run their own programs and to manipulate their files in a simple way. ### Operating Systems: Windows vs Unix Variants... - **Operating Systems** may be classified based on two things: - **The amount of task they perform concurrently:** - Single-Tasking - Multi-Tasking - **The amount of user they use the system simultaneously:** - Single-User - Multi-User ### Operating Systems: Windows vs Unix Variants... - **There are two kingdoms of Operating System** - **Unix-like Operating Systems** - UNIX is a brand operating system that was first developed in the 1970s at the Bell Labs research center by Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie. - It is a suite of programs which make the computer work. - It is a stable, multi-user, multi-tasking system for servers, desktops and laptops. - UNIX systems also have a Graphical User Interface (GUI). - There are many different versions of UNIX (common similarities). Such as, Sun Solaris, GNU/Linux and MacOS X ### UNIX Operating System - Unix OS is made up of three different parts: - Kernel, Shell and Program - The kernel of UNIX is the hub of the operating system (allocates time and memory to programs, handles the file store and communications in response to system calls). - The shell acts as an interface between the user and the kernel. - UNIX has many programs to do many activities. ### UNIX Operating System... - Linux is one UNIX OS types which came in different distributions: - Ubuntu (Free) - Red Hat (Commercial) - Debian (Free) - Fedora (Commercial) - CentOS - Oracle Enterprise Linux - Scientific Linux - Linux Mint - Edubuntu - Kali (Security Offensive OS and not commercial) ### Windows Operating System - Windows is Operating System from Microsoft Inc. - It is a system program that controls, coordinates, and manipulates overall desktop publishing operations. - It serves as an interface between the hardware and other software on the computer system. - It allocates memory locations to data and other computer programs. - It controls other computer resources like files and programs, input/output devices, computer memories, etc. during data processing operations. - It also performs hardware and software diagnosis to detect faults and errors. ### Windows Operating System Versions - Windows 1.0 - 2.0 (1985-1992) - Windows 3.0-3.1 (1990-1994) - Windows NT 3.1-4.0 (1993-96) - Windows 95 (August 1995) - Windows 98 (June 1998) - Windows ME - Millennium Edition (September 2000) - Windows 2000 or W2k (February 2000) - Windows XP (October 2001) - Windows Server (2003) ### Windows Operating System Versions... - Windows Vista (November 2006) - Windows Home Server (January 2007) - Windows 7 (October 2009) - Windows 8 (August 2012) - Windows 10 (2015) - Coming Soon... ### Linux vs Windows Operating Systems - The main difference between Linux and Windows (Beginners Level) - **Drives' Representational Style:** Windows uses Letters like (C:) but Linux uses Mountpoints like (/home). - **Registry:** Linux doesn't use a single database of configuration options (there is no single point of failure) but Windows use its registry. - **Software Installation:** Linux uses software repositories but Windows use CDs or Websites. - **System Login Style:** Linux uses "root" like Admin but it's very strong but Windows use system Admin (it's exposed for viruses and malware). - Read others....

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