Mental Health & Mental Illness PDF

Mental Health & Mental Illness Dr/ Sorayia Ramadan Professor of Psychiatric/ Mental Health Nursing  work sheet (1) Define mental Health  work sheet (2) Define mental illness  Work sheet (3) What are the components of mental health ...

Mental Health & Mental Illness Dr/ Sorayia Ramadan Professor of Psychiatric/ Mental Health Nursing  work sheet (1) Define mental Health  work sheet (2) Define mental illness  Work sheet (3) What are the components of mental health  Work sheet (4) What are factors influencing mental health?  Work sheet(5) List the characteristics of mentally health individuals  Work sheet (6) List general characteristics of individuals with mental illness  Objectives At the end of this lecture, each student should be able to: Define the mental health and mental illness Describe the components of mental health Differentiate between the general characteristics of mental health and mental illness  introduction The states of health and illness are defined according to societal values. Generally, when a person’s behavior is adaptive to the environment, we say that person is healthy; when behavior is maladaptive, we say the person is ill or unhealthy. Culture greatly influences (affects) these determinations about health and illness. Behavior is acceptable in one cultural group or may be unacceptable in another group.  Mental health  The world health organization defines health as “a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity” (physical or mental weakness).  Mental health; is the adjustment of human beings through his interaction with the environment to maintain satisfactory equilibrium (balance).  Mental health A mentally healthy person who has a balance between the integrated body, mind and spirit and the environment.  Components of mental health  Self-governance: The person usually demonstrates autonomy, and independence.  Growth orientation: The person is willing to develop toward maximize his/her capacities.  Self-esteem: The person’s self- esteem is built on self-knowledge and awareness of abilities, and limitations.  Mastery of the environment: The person should be creative in dealing with and influencing the environment.  Reality orientation: The person differentiates fact from fantasy, the real world from a dream world. Stress management: The person can tolerate high levels of stress The person is flexible and can experience failure without self blaming. General characteristics of mentally health individual  Able to work well alone and with others.  Accepts responsibility for his actions.  Is able to give and receive.  Is optimistic.  Is able to express feelings.  Is able to solve problems.  Is able to benefit from rest and sleep.  Can recognize limitations (abilities and deficiencies).  Is able to form meaning full relationships. General characteristics of mentally health individual  Is able to make sound judgments and decisions.  Can take care of his hygiene and  Is able to cope successfully with stress  Is able to distinguish (differentiate) fact from fantasy or the real world from a dream world  Can acts independently, dependently or interdependently.  Factors influencing mental health  Inherited characteristics.  Nurturing during childhood, Positive nurturing starts with childbirth that includes feelings of love, security, and acceptance. Negative nurturing includes maternal deprivation, child abuse, and early communication failure.  Life circumstances. Such as success in school, financial security, good physical health or a successful marriage. Negative life circumstances include poverty, poor physical health, unemployment, or unsuccessful marriage.  Defining mental disorder or illness  The American psychiatric Association's defined mental illness or disorder as an illness with psychological or behavioral manifestations and/or impairment in functioning due to a social, psychological, genetic, physical or biological disturbance.  Mental illness can be defined as a maladaptive response to stressors, evidenced by thoughts, feelings and behaviors that are inappropriate with the local and cultural norms and interfere with the individual’s social, occupational and or physical functioning.  General criteria for mental Illness o Dissatisfaction with one’s abilities and life. o unable to establish a meaningful relationship. o Ineffective coping to the events in one’s life as well as a lack of personal growth. o Unable to accept responsibility for actions. o Doesn't recognize limitations (abilities and deficiencies).  General criteria for mental Illness o Exhibits dependency needs because of feelings of inadequacy. o unable to see reality. o Is pessimistic. o Poor self concept. o Inability to cope with stress  Mental Health Continuum Mental Degree of Mental health functioning illness  Mental Illness Classifications Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - DSM Published by the American Psychiatric Association Offers guidelines for making diagnosis, which can be used by all members of the health care team and always updated.  Mental Illness Classifications According to DSM-IV-TR Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Disorders Version 4:  AXIS I: Primary Psychiatric Diagnoses such as Major Depressive Disorder – recurrent  AXIS II: Personality Disorders or Developmental Disorders such as Borderline Personality Disorder  AXIS III: Medical Problems such as diabetes amputation surgery  AXIS IV. Psychosocial Stressors such as Recent loss of spouse, homeless, economic problems  AXIS V: Individuals have no symptoms of mental illness and are functioning within high to superior range Thank You