Veterinary Anatomy Lecture Notes PDF

Introduction Lecture Notes #1 Monica N. Gonzales, DVM, MSVM Learning Objectives 1. To define the meaning and importance of anatomy 2. To be familiar with the history of anatomy 3. To be familiar with the terminologies used in anatomy 4. To demonstrate directional...

Introduction Lecture Notes #1 Monica N. Gonzales, DVM, MSVM Learning Objectives 1. To define the meaning and importance of anatomy 2. To be familiar with the history of anatomy 3. To be familiar with the terminologies used in anatomy 4. To demonstrate directional terms used in anatomy Learning Objectives 1. To define the meaning and importance of anatomy 2. To be familiar with the history of anatomy 3. To be familiar with the terminologies used in anatomy 4. To demonstrate directional terms used in anatomy  – The science that deals with the study of the structure of animals (macroscopic and microscopic) Veterinary Anatomy – Derived from the Greek word anatemnein meaning to dissect – Essential guide to surgery, radiography, and pathology  Use of anatomy in Surgery (example) Ventral midline incision Lateral flank incision Use of anatomy in Radiology (example) Use of anatomy in Pathology (example) Use of anatomy in Pathology (example) Anatomy is subdivided into: – Macroscopic Anatomy (Gross) – describes structures, organs, muscles, bones etc. which are visible to the naked eye – Microscopic Anatomy – “study of tissues“ = histology – Requires an optical magnification in order to evaluate microscopic structures (microscope) DOG Order : Carnivora Family: Canidae Genus: Canis Species: familiaris Cheaper and easier to acquire Used for hunting, sleigh, recreations, and serves as companion; man’s best friend First domesticated canid: Grey wolf Learning Objectives 1. To define the meaning and importance of anatomy 2. To be familiar with the history of anatomy 3. To be familiar with the terminologies used in anatomy 4. To demonstrate directional terms used in anatomy  Aristotle (384-322BC) Early History – Founder of biological science – First scientist to attempt to study anatomy by dissecting plants and animals of Anatomy Herophilus (335-280BC) – Established that the brain is the center of the nervous system and the seat of intelligence; studies blood flow and childbirth Erasistratus (310-250BC) – Studied the circulatory system Early History of Anatomy Claudius Galen (200-131 BC) – Showed that urine is formed by the kidneys and showed that cutting the spinal cord leads to paralysis Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564) – Introduced modern era of anatomy – Animal anatomy vs human anatomy – More accurate studies – De humani corporis fabrica (On the Fabric of the Human Body) William Harvey (1578-1657) – He traced the flow of blood from the left side to the right side of the heart to blood vessels, capillaries, etc. Learning Objectives 1. To define the meaning and importance of anatomy 2. To be familiar with the history of anatomy 3. To be familiar with the terminologies used in anatomy 4. To demonstrate directional terms used in anatomy Terminologies Gross anatomy – Deals with the study of structures through visual examination and observation Applied anatomy – Refers to the application of the knowledge acquired for the treatment and diagnosis of a pathological or surgical condition Topographic anatomy – the study of anatomy based on regions or divisions of the body and emphasizing the relations between various structures (muscles and nerves and arteries etc.) in that region  Microscopic anatomy The study of minute structures of the aid of the microscope Ultrastructural anatomy The study of the parts of a Terminologies minute structure in greater detail using the electron microscope Pathology The study of structures which deviate from normal morphology and function Terminologies Embryology The study of the development of individual from the fertilized oocyte to birth Developmental anatomy Study of the development of the individual from the zygote to adult Ontogeny Refers to the description of the entire development of the individual (both physical and psychological) Terminologies Comparative anatomy Describes and compares the diff structures of animal species Special anatomy Specializes in the structure of a single type of species Veterinary anatomy Deals with the form and structure of the principal domesticated animals Teratology Study of abnormal development A two-headed calf A grown steer with 5 legs Cyclops - calf Divisions of Systematic Anatomy – Osteology – the description of skeleton – Syndesmology - the description of joints – Myology - the description of muscles – Splanchnology - the description of viscera – Angiology - the description of the organs of circulation Neurology - the Esthesiology - the description of the description of the nervous system sense organs Dermatology - the Endocrinology - the description of the skin/ description of common integument endocrine system Learning Objectives 1. To define the meaning and importance of anatomy 2. To be familiar with the history of anatomy 3. To be familiar with the terminologies used in anatomy 4. To demonstrate directional terms used in anatomy Anatomical Position and Directional Terms  Frontal plane: vertical plane that divides the body into an anterior/ventral or posterior/dorsal portions. Planes of Sagittal plane: vertical plane that divides the body or organ into right and left sides (midsagittal or median plane is down the middle of the body creating equal Reference parts) Transverse plane: divides the body into superior (upper) or inferior (lower) portions.  Superior/Cranial: toward the upper part/head Inferior/Caudal: away from the head/lower part Directional Anterior/ventral: nearer to or at front of body; stomach side Terms Posterior/dorsal: nearer to or at the back of body; dorsal fin side Medial: nearer to midline Lateral: farther away from midline  Proximal: nearer to attachment of limb to trunk, nearer to origin Distal: farther away from attachment of limb to trunk, farther Directional away from origin Terms Cont. Superficial: toward or on surface of body Deep: away from surface of body Questions