1- Introduction to PHC 2.pptx

Primary Health Care (PHC) Lecture 1 Introduction Course Assessment # 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 Percentag Assessment Tool Week Due e Quiz 1 3th 5% Mid Term Theory 6th 25% Quiz 2 8th 5% Practical Reports 9th 10% Class Througho participation & ut 5% attendance semester Final Examination 12th 20% (P) Final Exam...

Primary Health Care (PHC) Lecture 1 Introduction Course Assessment # 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 Percentag Assessment Tool Week Due e Quiz 1 3th 5% Mid Term Theory 6th 25% Quiz 2 8th 5% Practical Reports 9th 10% Class Througho participation & ut 5% attendance semester Final Examination 12th 20% (P) Final Examination 13th 30% Concept of Primary Health Care • It came into existence in 1978 after Alma-Ata conference in USSR (now, in Kazakhstan). • It has been accepted by all countries as the key to attain Health for All (HFA) by 2000. • WHO defines HFA as “attainment of a • 1978 Alma-Ata conference called on all governments to formulate national policies, strategies, plans of action to launch and sustain PHC as part of national health system. • It has also been accepted as an integral part of the country’s health system. • The PHC is equally valid for all countries from the most to the least developed, although it takes varying forms in each of them. • PHC approach starts with the people themselves. (Placing people’s health in people's hand) Definition of PHC • “Primary health care is essential health care made universally accessible to individuals and acceptable to them, through their full participation and at a cost the community and country can afford” • Before that it was known as “basic health services”, “first contact care”, “easily accessible care”, “services provided by generalists”. Principles of PHC 1. Equitable distribution. 2. Appropriate technology. 3. Inter-sectoral coordination. 4. Community participation. 1. Equitable Distribution (accessibility)  Health services must be shared equally by all people irrespective of their ability to pay, and all (rich and poor, urban and rural) must have access to health services.  Social injustice is when some rich people get best health care while poor does not get it.  The need for equitable distribution is accessibility. If services are inaccessible to many, then equitable distribution is not possible. 2. Appropriate Technology • Appropriate means technology that is scientifically sound, acceptable to those who apply it and those for whom it is used with the resources the community and country can afford. • This is emphasized because sometimes large luxurious hospitals, with costly equipment are built while there are alternative cheaper options available thus wasting the resources. 3. Inter-Sectoral Coordination • All the components of health care can not be provided by health sector alone. • The declaration of Alma-Ata states that PHC involves in addition to health sector all related sectors and aspects of national and community development, in particular agriculture, animal husbandry, food industry, education, housing, public works, communication and other sectors. • An important element of intersectoral approach is planning with other sectors to avoid duplication of activities. 4. Community Participation • Beside the responsibility of governments, health is the responsibility of local community too. • Involvement of individuals, families, and communities in promotion of their own health and welfare is an essential ingredient of PHC. • There must be a continuing effort to secure meaningful involvement of the community in planning, implementation and maintenance of health services beside maximum reliance on local resources such Elements of Primary Health Care 1. Health education. 2. Environmental sanitation & safe water supply. 3. Maternal & child health. 4. Immunization. 5. Proper nutrition. 6. Control of local endemic diseases. 7. Treatment of common diseases & injuries. 8. Provision of essential drugs. Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) • In 2000, representatives of 189 countries met to adopt UN millennium declaration. • The MDGs place health at the core of development and represent commitment by governments throughout the world to do more to reduce poverty and hunger to tackle ill health, gender inequality, lack of education, access to clean water, and environmental degradation. • 3 out of total 8 goals and 18 of the 48 indicators are health related. Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger. 2. Achieve universal primary education. 3. Promote gender equality and empower women. 4. Reduce child mortality. 5. Improve maternal health. 6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases. 7. Ensure environmental sustainability. 8. Develop a global partnership for development.