1. INTRODUCTION TO HISTORY - PNC 2.pptx

First Semester SY 2023- Readings in 2024 Philippine History  Major Topics II. Content and I. Introduction Contextual Meaning and Analysis of Relevance of selected History Historical primary sources III....

First Semester SY 2023- Readings in 2024 Philippine History  Major Topics II. Content and I. Introduction Contextual Meaning and Analysis of Relevance of selected History Historical primary sources III. “One past but Sources and many histories”: Criticism Repositories controversies of Primary and conflicting Sources views in Philippine history Key Concepts Positivism is the belief that historians should pursue the objective truth of the past by allowing historical sources to "speak for themselves", without additional interpretation. Historiography. The study of history writing as a historical discipline. You are studying the changing interpretations of past events through historians' eyes. The objectivity of various authors  What is History?  HISTORY History is the study of human activities in the past. This definition makes history a unique discipline The meaning and characteristics of history change from the ancient period to the present. These changes were dependent on the purpose that history served. History is a scientific discipline that relies on different sources. Several issues resolved around the meaning and function of history as a discipline. Historia Greek: Learning through inquiry and investigation Latin: means the account of the past of a person or of a group of people through written documents and historical evidence No document, no history  HISTORY Merriam Webster Dictionary denotes that history refers to a chronological record of significant events. The American Historical Association, on the other hand, currently defines history as the never-ending process whereby people seek to understand the past and its many meanings.  HISTORY ARISTOTLE “ history is a systematic account of a set of natural phenomena. It is also an investigative work because people aim to satisfy their thirst for truth. COLLINGWOOD, 1976. “History attempts to know the actions of human beings that were accomplished in the past” ZEUS SALAZAR - A notable historian and retired professor of the University of the Philippines. To him, Kasaysayan, the counterpart of history in the mother tongue, is an essential narrative with to a group of people that is characterized by uniqueness and identity  HISTORY It is important to note that history is not the past, but rather a glimpse of the past. The entirety of the past cannot be narrated and included in all of the written histories for the. Main reason that not everything which happened in the past were recorded and/or documented. Therefore; rather a recreation of past events based on available materials. , history does not create narration of past events History vs Historian History vs Past History vs Herstory History vs Prehistory  TYPES OF UNWRITTEN DOCUMENTS Archaeological Evidence - Archaeological evidence refers to remains such as artifacts and ecofacts which help a historian in determining the culture of the area where the evidence was found. Oral Evidence - Oral evidence pertains to folk tales, myths, legends, folk songs and popular rituals. The collection and study of historical information about people, families, important events, or everyday life using audiotapes, videotapes, or transcriptions of planned interviews. Material Evidence- Material evidence includes photographs, art works, videos, and sound recordings  Traditional Contemporary Meaning Meaning History is a History is the reconstruction of the record of the past based on human past from available written the time written records, oral history, records began to cultural artifacts, and History is limited appear It involves collection, folk traditions to the literates analysis, and synthesis of available limited available materials.  What is the relevance of History to your course? RELEVANCE OF HISTORY ✔ History contributes to Moral Understanding ✔ History helps us understand people and societies ✔ History provides Identity ✔ History is essential for Good Citizenship. PHOTOGRAPHS FOUND IN THE DIFFERENT WEBSITE JOSE RIZAL Historical Sources  HISTORICAL SOURCES Sources are defined as artifacts that have been left by the past. Historical sources are not only confined to written documents but also to artifacts and ecofacts. Artifact as ‗something made or given shape by humans such as a tool or a work of art.  UNWRITTEN SOURCES Unwritten sources include the following: (1)archaeological evidence; (2) oral evidence; and (3)material evidence.  Primary Sources Louis Gottschalk - primary source is ―the testimony of an eyewitness, or of a witness by any other of the senses, or of a mechanical device like the Dictaphone–that is, of one who or that which was present at the events of which he or it tells  Primary Sources The documents or physical objects should be written or created during the time under study. The person should be present during that experience or time period It should offer an inside view of a particular event They are characterized by their content, regardless of whether they are available in the original format, in microfilm/microche, in digital, or in published format  Examples of Primary Sources ORIGINAL RELICS or DOCUMENTS CREATIVE WORKS ARTIFACTS excerpts or pottery translations, poetry furniture diaries, speeches, drama clothing manuscripts, novels music buildings letters, interviews, news, art film footage, autobiographies, official records  Secondary Sources PUBLICATIONS Gottschalk (1950) defines a secondary source as ―the textbooks, testimony of anyone who is not an eyewitness–that is, one who was magazine not present at the events of which articles, he tells. histories, criticisms, commentaries, encyclopedias  Secondary Sources PUBLICATIONS They interpret and analyze primary sources textbooks, magazine They may also have articles, pictures, quotes or graphics histories, of primary sources in them criticisms, commentaries, encyclopedias  Tertiary Sources PUBLICATIO NS These are publications that summarize and digest the dictionaries, information in primary and almanacs, secondary sources to factbooks, provide background on a directories, topic, idea or event guidebooks, manuals Knowled ge Check The Murillo Velarde Map Primary  Life Stories in MMK Secondary  Photograph taken during Vietnam War uploaded in Facebook Primary  Wikipedia Tertiary  Youtube video of 1956 High School Exchange Students Debate Primary  A stenograph of a court meeting Primary  Almanac Tertiary  Boy Abunda Talkshow Primary  Literary Criticism Secondary  Fossil teeth of Homo Luzonensis Primary  Types of Criticism  External Criticism Anachronism Authenticity Could be a person or a Checking the source’s thing or idea form placed on the To spot fabricated, wrong time forged, faked documents and to e.g., pencils distinguish a hoax or did not exist until 16th misinterpretation century  Internal Criticism Identification of the Author Credibility His reliability, Looking into the source’s mental processes and attitudes content Corroboratio Examines the closeness of the Particularsnwhich rest document/source as upon the independent what really testimony of two or happened more reliable witnesses of a similar Thank you! 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