Introduction to Ophthalmology PDF

Made with Xodo PDF Reader and Editor Introduction to ophthalmology ‫ ﺣﺴﻦ ﻋﺒﺪاﻷﻣﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎر‬.‫د‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻲ ﻃﺐ وﺟﺮاﺣﺔ اﻟﻌﻴﻮن‬  Made with Xodo PDF Reader and Editor Ophthalmology is the branch of medicine which deals with the diseases of the eye and their treatment. The word opht...

Made with Xodo PDF Reader and Editor Introduction to ophthalmology ‫ ﺣﺴﻦ ﻋﺒﺪاﻷﻣﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎر‬.‫د‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻲ ﻃﺐ وﺟﺮاﺣﺔ اﻟﻌﻴﻮن‬  Made with Xodo PDF Reader and Editor Ophthalmology is the branch of medicine which deals with the diseases of the eye and their treatment. The word ophthalmology comes from the Greek roots (ophthalmos) meaning eye. Since ophthalmologist perform operations on eyes, they are generally categorized as surgeons.  Made with Xodo PDF Reader and Editor Visual system It consists of : 1. Eyeball 2. Optic nerve, visual pathway and the occipital cortex. 3. Adnexia ( Orbit, eyelids, conjunctiva, lacrimal system and motor system ).  Made with Xodo PDF Reader and Editor Eye ball 1. Cornea 2. Sclera & limbus 3. Aqueous & Anterior chamber & AC angle & pupil 4. Lens & zonules 5. Uveal tissues (iris , ciliary body and choroid) 6. vitreous 7. Retina (Rods and Cones) & fovea 8. Optic disc Made with Xodo PDF Reader and Editor  Made with Xodo PDF Reader and Editor Coats of the eyeball 1st → cornea and sclera. Outer one 2nd → uveal tissue 3rd → retina (light sensitive portion of the eye) Deeper one  Made with Xodo PDF Reader and Editor Adnexia 1. Conjunctiva 2. Eyelids 3. Extra-ocular muscles 4. Lacrimal Apparatus (secretory & excretory) Secretory high =epiphora Secretory low =dry eye 5. Orbit Made with Xodo PDF Reader and Editor Made with Xodo PDF Reader and Editor  Made with Xodo PDF Reader and Editor Visual pathway It consists of : 1. Optic nerve 2. Optic chiasm 3. Optic tract 4. Lateral geniculate body 5. Optic radiation 6. Visual cortex Made with Xodo PDF Reader and Editor  Made with Xodo PDF Reader and Editor Clinical examination in ophthalmology Symptoms : → 1. Visual (blurred vision, double vision, visual field defect, → metamorphopsia, photophobia, photopsia and floaters). 2. Non-visual (pain, itching, grittiness, lacrimation, redness, chemosis and mass). Examination : → ‫ﻓﺤﻮﺻﺎت ع ذﻣﺔ ﻛﻼم اﻟﻤﺮﻳﺾ‬ 1. Subjective ( visual acuity, visual field, tests for squint, …..etc). → ‫ﻓﺤﻮﺻﺎت اﻧﻲ اﺷﻮﻓﻬﺎ أو اﺣﺼﻠﻬﺎ‬ 2. Objective ( inspection is the main ophthalmic examination and commonly done by slitlamp), other examination like fundoscopy and tonometry).  Made with Xodo PDF Reader and Editor ‫ﺟﻬﺎز ﻟﻠﻔﺤﺺ ﻧﺸﻮﻓﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ‬ Slit-lamp biomicroscope It give unique, magnified views of every part of the eye. In conjunction with auxiliary devices it can be used to measure IOP, corneal thickness, AC depth and to take photography. It consists from illuminating parts and observing magnifying parts. ‫إﺿﺎءة وﺗﻜﺒﻴﺮ ﻟﻠﺼﻮرة‬ Made with Xodo PDF Reader and Editor  Made with Xodo PDF Reader and Editor Visual acuity testing Traditionally done at distance of 20 feet or 6 meter in well illuminated room. Different charts uses according to age and education. The Bailey-Lovie chart uses 5 different letters per line which has uniform size is now the standard VA chart.  ‫‪Made with Xodo PDF Reader and Editor‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎل ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻤﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﻃﻔﺎل‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻌﻠﻤﻴﻦ اﻳﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺎ ﻳﻘﺮون‬  Made with Xodo PDF Reader and Editor Reference Kanski & Bowling (seventh edition 2011) 😂 ‫ﻣﺎل ﻣﺜﻘﻔﻴﻦ)ﺳﭽﺎﭼﺔ( ﻣﻮ اﻟﻨﺎ‬ Made with Xodo PDF Reader and Editor Reference Kanski 8 edition th 2015 Made with Xodo PDF Reader and Editor