Cranial Vault, Meninges, & Venous Systems 2024 PDF

Meninges, Ventricular System, & Vascular System CSAD 620/714  Learning Objectives Locate and identify major landmarks of the internal cranial base Locate cranium foramen and openings Identify the components and functions of the meningeal and ventricular sys...

Meninges, Ventricular System, & Vascular System CSAD 620/714  Learning Objectives Locate and identify major landmarks of the internal cranial base Locate cranium foramen and openings Identify the components and functions of the meningeal and ventricular systems Locate, identify, & relate to each other key arterial and venous structures Internal Cranial Base Review of the Cranial Base  Cranial Nerve Entrances/ Exits Meninges  © Jones and Bartlett Learning. Figure 07.F02: The inside of the cranial Specimen courtesy of the Biology vault. Note the rough inner surface. Department, Northeastern University.  Meninges Are Layers Of Non-neural Connective Tissues That Completely Encapsulate And Protect The CNS 3 meningeal layers found in the human CNS dura mater arachnoid layer pia mater  Meningeal Spaces Where there are layers, spaces result Potential spaces: Epidural space: between skull and dura mater Subdural space: between dura mater and arachnoid mater Actual space: Subarachnoid space: between arachnoid mater and pia mater Dura Mater  Dural Folds Compartmentalize The Tissues Of The Brain In The Cranial Vault  Dural Folds Form The Falx Cerebri, The Falx Cerebelli, And The Tentorium Cerebelli  Cranial Fractures Pterion: h-shaped junction between the temporal, parietal, frontal, and sphenoid bones Overlies the middle meningeal artery Hemorrhage of this artery cause an extradural/ epidural hematoma Difference in Damage: Epidural vs Subdural Arachnoid Mater  Subarachnoid space allows for Arachnoid the circulation of cerebrospinal Villus/ fluid (CSF) Granulatio Granulations extend into ns cerebral sinuses to return CSF to ventricles Pia Mater Subarachnoid Cisterns Arachnoid mater does not follow the precise contours of the brain like the pia mater. When it separates from the pia, large areas of subarachnoid space are created = subarachnoid cisterns Ventricles  Ventricles Are A System Of Interconnected Chambers Filled With Cerebrospinal Fluid  Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF) Produced by choroid plexus CSF found in: Brain ventricles Arachnoid space Brain Spinal cord Functions: Protection Buoyancy Removes waste Transports nutrients and hormones  Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF) Produced in the choroid plexus Drained by the arachnoid granulations Cerebrospinal Fluid Circulates Within And Around The CNS  Hydrocephalus Literally means “water on the brain” An accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid which arises from an imbalance in the production and Courtesy of Vimont, Engelmann/National Library of Medicine drainage of that fluid Main symptom = large head © Donal Husni/NurPhoto/Getty Images Ventricular-Peritoneal Shunt Thin plastic tube (catheter) that drains excess CSF Valve opens in ventricle when CSF pressure gets too high Fluid drains from the ventricle to the peritoneal space Absorbed into the bloodstream and filtered out by kidneys Venous System Venous Sinuses Drain Deoxygenated Blood Back To The Heart Three Primary Dural Sinuses Superior Sagittal Sinus Inferior Sagittal Sinus Transverse Sinus Cadaver View