Introduction to Biotechnology - University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene - PDF

PEOPLE'S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ALGERIA MINISTRY OF HIGHER EDUCATION AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene Faculty of Biological Sciences Module : INTRODUCTION TO BIOTECHNOLOGY INTRODUCTION TO BIOTE...

PEOPLE'S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ALGERIA MINISTRY OF HIGHER EDUCATION AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene Faculty of Biological Sciences Module : INTRODUCTION TO BIOTECHNOLOGY INTRODUCTION TO BIOTECHNOLOGY (Part N° 1) (Natural and Life Sciences L2 Biotechnology) Directed by: -Dr BENCHIKH F. -Dr BENKHELIFA S. -Dr TILIOUA S. Academic Year 2024/2025 Introduction 1. What’s Biotechnology 2. The origins of biotechnology 3. Evolution of biotechnologies over time 4. The major current challenges of biotechnology and bionanotechnology 5. Definition of green, white, and red biotechnologies 6. Standard products of biotechnology 7. Industrial fields concerned 8. The challenges of biotechnology Innovations 1.What’s Biotechnology Biotechnology : using living organisms, or the products of living organisms, for human benefit to make a product or solve a problem.  2. The origins of biotechnology (History) It is with the production of fermented foods that the empirical use of microorganisms for food preservation announces Food preservation the birth of biotechnologies from the Neolithic period.  2. The origins of biotechnology (History) Dried fish Leather tanning  3. Evolution of biotechnologies over time Biotechnology development stages 3. Modern Third generation From 1970 1.Traditional Old 2. Conventional First generation Classic Before 1800 Second generation From 1920 3. Evolution of biotechnologies over time  3. Evolution of biotechnologies over time 3.1. Traditional Biotechnologies: Ancient (First Generation) Biotechnology is an ancient science. Thus, without knowing or understanding the principles of fermentation or genetics, humanity has been using since ancient times certain Biotechnological processes for production not based on any theoretical knowledge but based on empirical use.  3. Evolution of biotechnologies over time 3.1. Traditional Biotechnologies: Ancient (First Generation) Some examples Plant culture Animal breeding Cows dairy goats: milk and cheese Fermented foods and drinks Use of bacteria and yeasts Yeasts Bread Sauerkraut cheese  3. Evolution of biotechnologies over time 3.1. Traditional Biotechnologies: Ancient (First Generation) The production of bread, yogurt, cheese and all other food fermentations are examples of biotechnology that are not new and are still being done today. Technologies used in the agri-food or in the kitchen are also part of traditional biotechnology.  3. Evolution of biotechnologies over time 3. 2. Conventional biotechnologies: Classical (Second generation) Animal origin Microbial origin Conventional Hormones, prostaglandins, Antibiotics, enzymes, biotechnologies are based antibodies, insulin, proteases, vaccines, etc vaccines, etc. on theoretical knowledge and increasingly mastered applications. Use of modified microorganisms and Plant origin Viral origin enzymes, directly or Alkaloids, flavonoids, vaccines indirectly, to produce methylxanthines, agents of interest. terpenoids, cardiotonic glycosides, salicylic acid, etc.  3. Evolution of biotechnologies over time 3. 2. Modern biotechnologies (Third generation) Biotechnologies have evolved with the progression of knowledge in biology (genetic engineering, protein biochemistry, enzymology, etc.) and with the progression of industrial techniques.  3. Evolution of biotechnologies over time 3. 2. Modern biotechnologies (Third generation) Three upheavals are at the origin of the rise of modern biotechnologies :