1. Anemia Types & Irone Def. Anemia .pdf

Anemia Pathophysiology Course Anemia The body lacks adequate RBCs (Red Blood Cells) to carry oxygen around the body to perfuse the tissues. Clients present tired, fatigued & pale skin, with shortness of breath and dizziness, as the body lacks oxygen....

Anemia Pathophysiology Course Anemia The body lacks adequate RBCs (Red Blood Cells) to carry oxygen around the body to perfuse the tissues. Clients present tired, fatigued & pale skin, with shortness of breath and dizziness, as the body lacks oxygen. Top Tested B12 B12 1. Iron deficiency Anemia B12 B12 B12 2. Sickle cell anemia B12 3. Pernicious Anemia Fe Fe Fe Fe 4. Aplastic anemia Impairment in bone marrow Fe Pancytopenia (Low RBC, WBC, Platelets) 5. Hemolytic anemia Destruction of RBCs Aplastic anemia Incompatible blood transfusion (antigen-antibody reactions) Anemia Causes NCLEX TIP Blood loss: surgery, trauma, excessive menstruation etc. Hemoglobin Chemotherapy & Immunosuppressants: suppresses the bone marrow where the Normal: 12 + RBCs are made. Bad: 8 - 9 Lack of iron, B12 & other building blocks: like with iron def. anemia & pernicious anemia Less than 7 = Heaven Iron Deficiency Anemia - Causes Signs & Symptoms Infants & Children Fe Diet low in: meat, fish, & poultry GI Manifestations: Fe Fe Fe Fe Gastric bypass surgery 1. Premature birth 2. Insufficient oral intake Stomatitis - inflammation Pregnancy: fetus stores iron 3. Excessive intake of milk NCLEX TIP of mouth & lips Pica 4. Preterm infants exclusively Glossitis - inflammation LOW hematocrit and hemoglobin bottle-fed with breast milk of the tongue levels NCLEX TIP 5. Vegan diet NCLEX TIP Other Causes: 1. Fortified breads & cereals Low vitamin B12 2. HIGH iron foods with HIGH vitamin C Hypochlorhydria (low stomach acid) 3. Calcium & Vitamin D Gastric atrophy (Atrophic gastritis) Pharmacology Treatment Infants & Children Limit EXCESSIVE milk intake KEY POINTS Iron + Vit. C Dark or black stools = Ferrous Sulfate (oral) Iron Dextran (IV / IM) Rich in iron HIGH iron foods HIGH vitamin C Normal & Expected NOT GI BLEED 1. Meat, Fish, Poultry Fe FERROUS IRON 2. Spinach “green leafy SULFATE DEXTRAN Empty stomach Fe 1 HOUR BEFORE veg” & whole grains medications