Computational Thinking: 4 Elements PDF
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Ms. Cherry Mae A. Duran
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Summary
This document introduces the four elements of computational thinking: decomposition, pattern recognition, abstraction, and algorithms. It provides examples and activities. The document is suitable for secondary school students.
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COMPUTATIONAL THINKING Thinking with or without a Computer Ms. Cherry Mae A. Duran Computational thinking allows us to take a complex problem, understand what the problem is and develop possible solutions. We can then present these solutions in a way that a computer, a human, or b...
COMPUTATIONAL THINKING Thinking with or without a Computer Ms. Cherry Mae A. Duran Computational thinking allows us to take a complex problem, understand what the problem is and develop possible solutions. We can then present these solutions in a way that a computer, a human, or both, Computational thinking involves taking that complex problem and breaking it down into a series of small, more manageable problems (decomposition). Each of these smaller problems can then be looked at individually, considering how similar problems have been solved previously (pattern recognition) and focusing only on the important details, while ignoring irrelevant information (abstraction). Next, simple steps or rules to solve each of the smaller problems can be designed (algorithms). Find the next number 2, 3, 5, 8, 12, 17, 23, _ Abstract Activity 1 People use lots of algorithms every day even if they don’t realize it. Choose from three problems and guess what the algorithm might be! The algorithm The algorithm you need here is a cake is a set of directions to The algorithm to follow recipe. You can get to the park! There here is the list of find the algorithm might be different ways instructions that tell to solve this to the park so you can you how to make the problem in a have different toy The type of algorithm we need to help us complete this task is called a recipe. What would happen if we missed out one of the steps in the recipe? The type of algorithm we would use to find our way is called a set of directions. What would happen if you followed the steps in the wrong order? The type of algorithm we need to solve this problem is called a computer program. This computer program is a list of instructions, in the right order, that makes the girl move on the screen. We use symbols and words that the computer understands to write our program. A symbol is a simple picture, like an arrow that shows us what to do. Will this algorithm help the girl get the cake? Task: Put instructions of how to brush your teeth in order starting from the top. Pseudocode is not a programming language, it is a simple way of describing a set of instructions that does not have to use specific syntax. Writing in pseudocode is similar to writing in a programming language. Each step of the algorithm is written on a line of its own in sequence. Usually, instructions are written in uppercase, variables in lowercase and messages in sentence case. In pseudocode, INPUT asks a question. OUTPUT prints a message on screen. A simple program could be created to ask someone their name and age, and to make a comment based on these. This program represented in pseudocode would look like this: OUTPUT 'What is your name?' INPUT user inputs their name STORE the user's input in the name variable OUTPUT 'Hello' + name OUTPUT 'How old are you?' INPUT user inputs their age STORE the user's input in the age variable IF age >= 70 THEN OUTPUT 'You are aged to perfection!' ELSE OUTPUT 'You are a spring chicken!