Introduction to Probability and Statistics PDF

Introduction to Probability and Statistics Renato Dedić C-235 What Is Statistics? SECTION 1.1 What is Statistics? Research question: Do students without cellphones do better then students with cellphones? What is Statistics? Statistics is the study of how to collect, organize, analyze, and inter...

Introduction to Probability and Statistics Renato Dedić C-235 What Is Statistics? SECTION 1.1 What is Statistics? Research question: Do students without cellphones do better then students with cellphones? What is Statistics? Statistics is the study of how to collect, organize, analyze, and interpret numerical information from data. What is Statistics? Descriptive statistics involves methods of organizing, picturing, and summarizing information from samples or populations. Inferential statistics involves methods of using information from a sample to draw conclusions regarding the population. Vocabulary Individuals are the A quantitative variable people or objects has a value or numerical included in the study. measurement for which operations such as A variable is a addition or averaging characteristic of the make sense. individual to be A qualitative variable measured or observed. describes an individual by placing the individual into a category or group, such as left-handed or right-handed. Vocabulary In population data, the A population data are from every parameter is a individual of interest. numerical measure that describes an aspect of In sample data, the a population. data are from only some of the individuals of A sample statistic is a interest. numerical measure that describes an aspect of a sample. Example How important is music education in school (K–12)? An online survey of 2286 adults (aged 18 and older) within the United States was done. The survey asked if the respondents agreed or disagreed with the statement, “Learning and habits from music education equip people to be better team players in their careers.” In the most recent survey, 71% of the study participants agreed with the statement.  How important is music education in school (K–12)? An online survey of 2286 adults (aged 18 and older) within the United States was done. The survey asked if the respondents agreed or disagreed with the statement, Example “Learning and habits from music education equip people to be better team players in their careers.” In the most recent survey, 71% of the study participants agreed with the statement. Identify the individuals of The individuals are the 2286 the study and the variable. adults who participated in the online survey. The variable is the response agree or disagree. Do the data comprise a The data comprise a sample? If so, what is the sample of the population underlying population? of responses from all adults in the United States.  How important is music education in school (K–12)? An online survey of 2286 adults (aged 18 and older) within the United States was done. The survey asked if the respondents agreed or disagreed with the statement, Example “Learning and habits from music education equip people to be better team players in their careers.” In the most recent survey, 71% of the study participants agreed with the statement. Is the variable qualitative Qualitative or quantitative? Do the data comprise a The data comprise a sample? If so, what is the sample of the population underlying population? of responses from all adults in the United States. Identify a quantitative Age or income might be variable that might be of of interest. interest. Is the proportion a Statistic statistic or a parameter?