Philippine History & Constitution PDF

Evolve. Adapt. Overcome. CEFI is now ready. SOCIAL, POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, AND CULTURAL ISSUES IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY (PART 2) SOC SCI101: Readings in Philippine History...

Evolve. Adapt. Overcome. CEFI is now ready. SOCIAL, POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, AND CULTURAL ISSUES IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY (PART 2) SOC SCI101: Readings in Philippine History ANNALISA G. JAMILANO, LPT College of Liberal Arts, Sciences & Education  COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, SCIENCES & EDUCATION Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc. LEARNING OUTCOMES: By the end of the lesson, you should be able to: 1. Analyze social, political, economic, and cultural issues in the Philippines using the lens of history. 2. Recognize that the problems of today are consequences of decisions and events that happened in the past. 3. Understand several enduring issues in Philippine society through history. 4. Propose recommendations or solutions to present-day problems based on the understanding of the past and anticipation of the future through the study of history. No part of this material may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission in writing from the author or lecturer.  COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, SCIENCES & EDUCATION Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc. PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION No part of this material may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission in writing from the author or lecturer.  COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, SCIENCES & EDUCATION Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc. CONSTITUTION Latin word “constituo” meaning “fixed”, “established”, or “settled”. Body of fundamental laws, rules, customs, norms, standards, and principles according to which the government operates and its relations with the citizens are defined. The fundamental and supreme law of the land. No part of this material may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission in writing from the author or lecturer.  COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, SCIENCES & EDUCATION Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc. FUNCTIONS OF CONSTITUTION 1. Prescribe the framework of the system of the government. 2. Assigns to the several departments of government their responsibilities and duties. 3. Establishes fixed principles on which government is founded. No part of this material may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission in writing from the author or lecturer.  COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, SCIENCES & EDUCATION Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc. KINDS OF CONSTITUTION No part of this material may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission in writing from the author or lecturer.  COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, SCIENCES & EDUCATION Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc. AS TO THEIR ORIGIN AND HISTORY ❖ Conventional or Enacted – one enacted by a constituent assembly or granted by a monarch to his subject. ❖ Cumulative or Evolved – one which is a product of growth or a long period of development originating in customs, traditions, judicial decisions. No part of this material may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission in writing from the author or lecturer.  COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, SCIENCES & EDUCATION Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc. AS TO THEIR FORM ❖ Written – one has been given definite written form at a particular time ❖ Unwritten – one which is a product of political evolution, consisting largely of a mass of customs, usages and judicial decisions together with a smaller body of statutory enactments of fundamental character. No part of this material may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission in writing from the author or lecturer.  COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, SCIENCES & EDUCATION Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc. AS TO THE MANNER AMENDING THEM ❖ Rigid or inelastic – one regarded as a document of special sanctity which cannot be amended or altered except by some special machinery more cumbrous than the ordinary legislative process. ❖ Flexible or elastic – one which possesses no higher- level authority than ordinary laws and which may be altered in the same way as other law. No part of this material may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission in writing from the author or lecturer.  COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, SCIENCES & EDUCATION Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc. ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES OF WRITTEN & UNWRITTEN CONSTITUTION No part of this material may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission in writing from the author or lecturer.  COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, SCIENCES & EDUCATION Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc. ADVANTAGES OF WRITTEN CONSTITUTION ❖ It is frequently the only possible starting point for the foundation and growth of civil institutions and often forms the first available means to give civil dignity and political consciousness to the people, as well as the beginning of a distinct delineation of power. ❖ In times of political indifference, it forms the bridge to pass over to better times. No part of this material may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission in writing from the author or lecturer.  COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, SCIENCES & EDUCATION Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc. ADVANTAGES OF WRITTEN CONSTITUTION ❖ It gives a strong feeling of right and a powerful motivation to action to have the written law clearly on one’s side. ❖ It serves as a beacon to apprise the people when their rights and liberties are invaded and endangered. ❖ It protects the people from frequent and violent fluctuations of public opinion No part of this material may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission in writing from the author or lecturer.  COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, SCIENCES & EDUCATION Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc. DISADVANTAGES OF WRITTEN CONSTITUTION ❖ It establishes iron-clad rules which are difficult to change even if found inconvenient or oppressive. ❖ It is often construed on technical principles rather than in the light of great principles. ❖ It is likely to invade the domains of ordinary legislation. No part of this material may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission in writing from the author or lecturer.  COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, SCIENCES & EDUCATION Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc. ADVANTAGES OF UNWRITTEN CONSTITUTION ❖ The chief advantage of an unwritten constitution is its flexibility and elasticity which is reflective at all times to the correct expression of the progressive and changing necessities of the State. No part of this material may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission in writing from the author or lecturer.  COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, SCIENCES & EDUCATION Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc. DISADVANTAGES OF UNWRITTEN CONSTITUTION ❖ Its principal weakness lies in the fact that it is subject to perpetual changes at the will of the law-making power. No part of this material may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission in writing from the author or lecturer.  COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, SCIENCES & EDUCATION Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc. EVOLUTION OF THE PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION No part of this material may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission in writing from the author or lecturer.  COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, SCIENCES & EDUCATION Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc. 1897 CONSTITUTION or BIAK NA BATO CONSTITUTION ❖ 1st Constitution of the Land ❖ A peace agreement was signed by Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo and Gov. General Primo de Rivera to end the war between Filipinos and Spaniards. ❖ Written by Isabelo Artacho and Felix Ferrer. ❖ It is based on the Cuban Constitution. No part of this material may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission in writing from the author or lecturer.  COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, SCIENCES & EDUCATION Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc. 1897 CONSTITUTION or BIAK NA BATO CONSTITUTION ❖ Signed on November 1, 1897. ❖ With this Constitution, the Republic of Biak na Bato was established. ❖ The Constitution provided a “Supreme Council.” ❖ President- Emilio Aguinaldo ❖ Vice-President- Mariano Trias No part of this material may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission in writing from the author or lecturer.  COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, SCIENCES & EDUCATION Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc. 1899 MALOLOS CONSTITUTION ❖ September 15, 1898- Malolos Constitution had its inaugural session at Barasoain Church in Malolos. ❖ Pedro Paterno suggested creating a constitution. ❖ Felipe Calderon drafted a constitution that drew inspiration from the constitutions of Mexico, Belgium, Guatemala, costa rica, Brazil, and France. No part of this material may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission in writing from the author or lecturer.  COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, SCIENCES & EDUCATION Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc. 1899 MALOLOS CONSTITUTION ❖ January 21, 1889- Malolos constitution was finally approved by Aguinaldo. ❖ The 1st republican constitution in Asia. ❖ January 23, 1899-Barasoain Church ❖ The first Philippine Republic was inaugurated where Emilio Aguinaldo took his oath of office as the First President of the Republic. No part of this material may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission in writing from the author or lecturer.  COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, SCIENCES & EDUCATION Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc. 1935 CONSTITUTION OR THE COMMONWEALTH CONSTITUTION ❖ Tydings-McDuffie Law/ Philippine Independence Act- It provided for the drafting and guidelines of a constitution for a 10-year transitional period of government before the granting of independence. ❖ Claro M. Recto- head or chairman of the Constitutional Convention. No part of this material may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission in writing from the author or lecturer.  COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, SCIENCES & EDUCATION Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc. 1935 CONSTITUTION OR THE COMMONWEALTH CONSTITUTION ❖ The Constitution of 1935 paved the way for the establishment of Commonwealth. ❖ President- Manuel L. Quezon ❖ Vice-President- Sergio Osmena ❖ It was interrupted when the Japanese occupied the Philippines during the World War II. No part of this material may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission in writing from the author or lecturer.  COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, SCIENCES & EDUCATION Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc. 1943 CONSTITUTION ❖ Existed during Japanese Period. ❖ The Preparatory Commission of the Philippine Independence was tasked to draft a new Constitution (to make the Filipinos believe that independence would be given to them by the Japanese) ❖ A condensed version of the 1935 Constitution consisting only of a preamble and 12 articles. No part of this material may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission in writing from the author or lecturer.  COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, SCIENCES & EDUCATION Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc. 1943 CONSTITUTION ❖ Here, Tagalog was declared the national language. ❖ The contents of the Constitution formed were for the advantage of the Japanese. ❖ It paved the way for the establishment of the Second Republic of the Philippines. ❖ President- Jose P. Laurel ❖ The Constitution of 1943 lost its effectivity when the Americans came back and defeated the Japanese. No part of this material may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission in writing from the author or lecturer.  COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, SCIENCES & EDUCATION Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc. 1973 CONSTITUTION ❖ During the regime of Marcos, he called for a convention to draft a new Constitution. ❖ January 17, 1973- Pres. Marcos signed Proclamation No. 1102 declaring the 1973 constitution ratified. ❖ Parliamentary form of government in which the President was the symbolic head of the state and the Prime Minister was the head of government. No part of this material may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission in writing from the author or lecturer.  COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, SCIENCES & EDUCATION Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc. 1973 CONSTITUTION ❖ In this constitution, the Congress was abolished and replaced by the Batasang Pambansa as the legislative branch. ❖ The 1973 Constitution lost its effectivity in 1986 after the successful EDSA Revolution. No part of this material may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission in writing from the author or lecturer.  COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, SCIENCES & EDUCATION Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc. 1986 PROVISIONAL CONSTITUTION OR FREEDOM CONSTITUTION ❖ After formally assuming office as President of the Philippines, Corazon Aquino expressed the promulgation of a provisional constitution, otherwise known as Freedom Constitution. ❖ It was intended as a transitional constitution to ensure democracy and the freedom of the people. No part of this material may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission in writing from the author or lecturer.  COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, SCIENCES & EDUCATION Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc. 1986 PROVISIONAL CONSTITUTION OR FREEDOM CONSTITUTION ❖ Freedom Constitution recognized the new Aquino administration as a temporary revolutionary government until the framing of a new constitution. ❖ The Freedom Constitution provided for an orderly transfer of power while a Constitutional Commission was drafting a permanent constitution. No part of this material may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission in writing from the author or lecturer.  COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, SCIENCES & EDUCATION Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc. 1987 CONSTITUTION ❖ Formulated by the Constitutional Commission headed by Cecilia Munoz Palma. ❖ This was submitted to the people for ratification in a plebiscite on February 2, 1987. ❖ Feb. 11, 1987- the new constitution was proclaimed, ratified and in effect. No part of this material may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission in writing from the author or lecturer.  COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, SCIENCES & EDUCATION Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc. 1987 CONSTITUTION ❖ The 1987 Constitution consists of 18 articles with a preamble. ❖ It established the Philippines as a “democratic- republican State” where sovereignty resides in the people and all government authority emanates from them. No part of this material may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission in writing from the author or lecturer.  COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, SCIENCES & EDUCATION Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc. 1987 CONSTITUTION ❖ State- refers to the community of persons more or less numerous, permanently occupying a definite portion of territory, having a government of their own to which the great body of inhabitants render obedience, and enjoying freedom from external control. ❖ 4 Elements of State- people, territory, sovereignty, government. No part of this material may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission in writing from the author or lecturer.  COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, SCIENCES & EDUCATION Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc. PREAMBLE ❖ Latin word “preambulare” which means to walk before. ❖ Introduction of the Philippine Constitution. ❖ It provides a summary and a brief explanation of goals, aspirations, and what to expect on a nation’s set of laws. No part of this material may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission in writing from the author or lecturer.  COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, SCIENCES & EDUCATION Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc. PREAMBLE OF THE 1987 CONSTITUTION We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of Almighty God, in order to build a just and humane society, and establish a Government that shall embody our ideals and aspirations, promote the common good, conserve and develop our patrimony, and secure to ourselves and our posterity, the blessings of independence and democracy under the rule of law and a regime of truth, justice, freedom, love, equality, and peace, do ordain and promulgate this Constitution. No part of this material may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission in writing from the author or lecturer.  COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, SCIENCES & EDUCATION Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc. 1987 CONSTITUTION ❖ In this constitution, the Philippine Government is administered by a presidential system of government with a bicameral legislature and an independent judiciary. 3 Branches of Government ❖ Executive ❖ Legislative ❖ Judiciary No part of this material may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission in writing from the author or lecturer.  COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, SCIENCES & EDUCATION Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc. 1987 CONSTITUTION Executive ❖ President ❖ Vice-President ❖ Cabinet Members Term of Office: 6 years without re-election No part of this material may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission in writing from the author or lecturer.  COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, SCIENCES & EDUCATION Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc. 1987 CONSTITUTION Legislative Upper Chamber Lower Chamber ❖ Senate ❖ House of Representative Senate President- head Speaker of the House- head Term of office: District Representative 6years- 2 consecutive terms Sectoral Representative Term of office: 3years- 3 consecutive terms No part of this material may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission in writing from the author or lecturer.  COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, SCIENCES & EDUCATION Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc. 1987 CONSTITUTION Judiciary ❖ Supreme Court- Philippine’s highest judicial court. ❖ Lower courts ❖ Chief Justice- head ❖ 14 Associate Justice No part of this material may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission in writing from the author or lecturer.  COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, SCIENCES & EDUCATION Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc. REFERENCES: Apsay, L.C., Espino, L. C. & Ligan, V. O. (2018). Readings in philippine history. Malabon City: Mutya Publishing House, Inc. Candelaria, J., et.al, (2018). Readings in philippine history: Rex Book Store, Inc. Torres, J. (2018). Sources in philippine history. C & E Publishing. No part of this material may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission in writing from the author or lecturer.  COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, SCIENCES & EDUCATION Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc. REFERENCES: https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/araullo-university/random/social- political-economic-and-cultural-issuesin-philippine-history/11784688 https://www.scribd.com/document/521640173/MODULE-4-Social-Political- Economic-and-Cultural-Issues-inPhilippine-History https://pdfcoffee.com/unit-4-social-political-economic-and-cultural-issues-in- philippine-history-pdf-free.html https://phlconnect.ched.gov.ph/admin/uploads/da4902cb0bc38210839714eb dcf0efc3/04-Instructors-Guide_2.pd No part of this material may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission in writing from the author or lecturer.