Cells Biology Notes
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This document provides an overview of various cell types, including plasma cells, B memory cells, platelets, nerve cells, muscle cells, bone cells, skin cells, sex cells, and plant cells. It details their functions, structures, and modifications. Information about cell modifications and types, like cilia and mechanical receptors, is also included.
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1.) Plasma Celis- produce antibodies, seek out intruders. Antibodies neutralize toxins and incapacitate viruses. 2.) B memory Cells have prolonged life span, “remember specific intruders”, B and T cells help the immune system to activate much faster. 3.) Platelets-thrombocyt...
1.) Plasma Celis- produce antibodies, seek out intruders. Antibodies neutralize toxins and incapacitate viruses. 2.) B memory Cells have prolonged life span, “remember specific intruders”, B and T cells help the immune system to activate much faster. 3.) Platelets-thrombocytes Fragments of cells, they undergo fragmentation or clonal fragmentations. 4.) NERVE CELLS (NEURONS)-transmit informations throughout the body 5.) NEUROGLIAL CELLS- glial cells or glia, cells of the nervous system. 4 Types Astrocytes-star-like appearance, maintenance of the chemical environment for signal. Oligodendrocytes-forms lipid-rich myelin sheath around axons. Microglial Cells-removal of debris from sites of injury. Ependymal cells-line those ventricles and central anal of the brain to produce cerebrospinal fluid. 6.) MUSCLE CELLS-myocytes, present in muscle tissue, rich in proteins Actin and Myosin. It has 3 types, Skeletal, Cardiac, and Smooth Muscle cells. 7.) BONE CELLS Osteoclast-Bone Resorption, breaks don bone forming sealed compartments on its surface. Osteoblasts-generation of new bone known as Bone Remodeling Osteocytes-growth factors, activate bone growth Lining cells-lines the surface of the bone, release of calcium. 8.) SKIN CELLS Keratinocytes-generates the protein keratin, blocking toxins and pathogens. Melanocytes-produce pigment melanin which determines skin coloration. Merkel cells-mechanosensory cells and are involved in touch reception. 9.) SEX CELLS-sexual reproduction in the form of fusion called gametes. 10.) PLANT CELLS Parenchyma Cells-typical plant cel, stores organic products. -photosynthesis -storage of air -storage of water and minerals. TYPES-Palisade Parenchyma-performs photosynthesis where the rate is very ahigh. -Spongy Parenchyma- air storage. Collenchyma Cells-supports plants while not restraining growth. Sclerenchyma Cells- have a hardening agent. LESSON 5: CELL MODIFICATIONS CELL MODIFICATIONS-specialization that is re-acquired by a cell after cell division. 1.) APICAL MODIFICATIONS-happen in the surface of epithelial cells. a.) Cilia-Slender, microscopic hair-like structures 1.) MOTILE CILIA-used for locomotion in organisms, found in the lining of the trachea 2.) NON-MOTILE CILIA-occur one per celi, have a single non-motile primary cilium. a.) Mechanoreceptors-lining the kidney tubules and monitors the flow of fluid through The tubules.
