Substance Use Disorder PDF

Substance use disorder Presented by: Hebatullah ElAjou & Rama Ahmad Submitted to: Dr. Yazan Al-mrayat The Outlines: definition of substances use disorders (SUD). The difference between substance addiction, withdrawal. Types of addiction. Predisposing factors to SUD. Some general signs and sym...

Substance use disorder Presented by: Hebatullah ElAjou & Rama Ahmad Submitted to: Dr. Yazan Al-mrayat The Outlines: definition of substances use disorders (SUD). The difference between substance addiction, withdrawal. Types of addiction. Predisposing factors to SUD. Some general signs and symptoms that may be associated with SUD. Some complications of SUD. Nursing diagnosis, Expected outcomes , & Nursing interventions. summury. At the end of this seminar we will be able to: Define The substance use disorder clearly. Understand the different between Addiction and withdrawal. know the main types of substance that are highly addictive. Know the reasons of addiction. Describe the symptoms and signs that you may notice on patients who are severing from SUD. Recognise the complications that the patient is in risk because of SUD. And finally, How to manage the expected problems that are associated with SUD as a NURSE. Definition of substance use disorder Substance use disorders (SUDs) are a cluster of cognitive, behavioral, and physiological symptoms indicating that an individual continues using substances despite significant substance-related problems When substance use disrupts an individual's ability to meet responsibilities at work, school, or home, they are considered to have a substance use disorder (SUD). Even though the person may want to reduce or control their substance use, their efforts often fail, leading to increased usage.  Substance Addiction Addiction is a chronic, relapsing disorder characterized by compulsive drug seeking, continued use despite harmful consequences, and long-lasting changes in the brain. People with addiction (severe substance use disorder) have an intense focus on using a certain substance, such as alcohol or drugs, to the point where it takes over their life. Age group and gender ratios SUBSTANCE ABUSE IS ESPECIALLY PREVALENT AMONG INDIVIDUALS BETWEEN THE AGES OF 18 AND 24. SUBSTANCE- RELATED DISORDERS ARE DIAGNOSED MORE COMMONLY IN MEN THAN IN WOMEN, BUT THE GENDER RATIOS VARY WITH THE CLASS OF THE SUBSTANCE.  Substance withdrawal Substance withdrawal occurs Common Symptoms when a person who has - Physical developed a dependence on a Symptoms:Sweating, The specific symptoms and substance reduces or stops shaking, nausea, vomiting, their severity can vary using it, leading to a range of headaches, muscle pain, depending on the substance, physical and psychological and seizures (in severe the duration of use, and the symptoms. This happens cases). amount typically consumed. because the body and brain - Psychological Symptoms: have adapted to the presence Anxiety, depression, of the substance, and sudden irritability, mood swings, absence disrupts their and cravings for the functioning. substance.  ranking of the most addictive substances globally: 01 03 Heroin - Extremely Nicotine - Highly addictive with 02 addictive due to 04 severe withdrawal frequent use and Cocaine - Powerful Alcohol - Addictive symptoms. dependency. stimulant causing with significant quick addiction. mental and physical health risks.  ranking of the most addictive substances globally: 05 07 Prescription Hallucinogens Opioids - Quickly 06 (e.g., LSD) - Rarely 08 addictive when Cannabis - Less Inhalants - Less addictive but may misused for pain addictive but can addictive but highly affect mental health. relief. cause psychological harmful to physical dependence. health. The smoking rate in Jordan, as of 2020, is approximately 34.8% for individuals aged 15 and over. This percentage translates to around 2 million drug-related issues have been smokers within this age group. on the rise. In 2020, there were 20,055 drug-related cases recorded, which cincluded drug use, possession, and trafficking ,This increase highlights the growing concern over substance abuse in the country. signs and symptoms HERE IS SOME OF THE PHYSICAL SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS THAT MAY BE ASSOCIATED WITH SUD : 1. Sudden Weight Loss or Gain: SUD can affect metabolism, appetite, and overall health, leading to noticeable changes in body weight. 2. Changes in Appetite and Sleeping Patterns: Substance use can disrupt normal eating and sleeping routines, causing irregularities. 3. Bloodshot Eyes:Many substances can cause the eyes to become red due to irritation or dehydration. 4. Slurred Speech: Substances, especially alcohol and depressants, can impair motor functions, affecting speech clarity. 5. Impaired Coordination or Tremors: Drug or alcohol use can interfere with motor control, resulting in shaking. 6. Runny Nose: Inhaling substances like cocaine can irritate nasal passages, leading to a runny nose. signs and symptoms PSYCHOLOGICAL SIGNS 1. Feeling Paranoid, Anxious, or Fearful: Many substances can alter mood and perception, causing heightened anxiety or paranoia. 2. Unexplained Changes in Personality : Regular substance use can lead to mood swings and changes in behavior, making the person seem different. 3. Feeling “Spaced Out”: Substances like cannabis and hallucinogens can cause detachment from reality, making the user appear distant or unfocused. 4. Intense Cravings for the Substance: A hallmark of addiction, cravings are powerful urges to use the substance again. 5. Difficulty Controlling Substance Use: Despite wanting to stop or reduce use, the person finds it challenging to control their consumption. 6. Continued Use Despite Knowing the Harm it Causes : Users often continue their behavior even though they are aware of the negative consequences. signs and symptoms Behavioral Signs 1. Neglecting Responsibilities at Work, School, or Home: Substance use can take priority over important duties and responsibilities, leading to neglect. 2. Using the Substance in Dangerous Situations: Engaging in risky behavior like driving under the influence or using in unsafe environments. 3. Legal Problems Related to Substance Use : Substance use can lead to criminal behavior or legal issues. 4. Relationship Issues Due to Substance Use: Conflicts and breakdowns in relationships with family and friends are common as substance use takes precedence. 5. Spending a Lot of Time Obtaining, Using, or Recovering from the Substance: Significant portions of time are dedicated to the substance, impacting daily life and activities.  Main complications of SUD (physical health issues) Chronic Diseases: Neurological Issues: INFECTIONS : Overdose: Increased risk Life- Higher risk of Cognitive of contracting threatening developing diseases impairments, overdoses, like liver disease memory infections such (due to alcohol), particularly problems, and as HIV and lung disease (from with opioids smoking), and structural hepatitis, often and other changes in the cardiovascular linked to potent diseases. brain. needle sharing. substances. Main complications of SUD (Mental Health issues) Depression and Anxiety: Psychosis: Impaired High Judgment: Experiencing prevalence of hallucinations and Poor decision- mood disorders delusions, making and risky behaviors due to and anxiety particularly with substance among those drugs like effects. with SUD. hallucinogens.  Nursing diagnosis,expectd outcome, and interventions for SUD  1 RISK FOR INJURY *RISK FOR INJURY RELATED TO: internal or external environmental conditions in teracting with the individual’s adaptive and defensive resources *Expected outcome: Short-Term Goal Client's condition will stabilize within 72 hours. Long-Term Goal Client will not experience physical injury.  *NURSING INTERVENTIONS: 1) Assess the client's level of disorientation to determine specific requirements for safety. 2)Obtain a drug history, if possible. It is important to determine the type of substance (s) used, the time and amount of last use, the length and frequency of use, and the amount used on a daily basis. 3)It is important to keep the client in as quiet an environment as possible. Excessive stimuli may increase client agitation. A private room is ideal. 4) Observe client behaviors frequently. If seriousness of the condition warrants, it may be necessary to assign a staff person on a one-to-one basis. 5)Accompany and assist client when ambulating, and use a wheelchair for transporting the client long distances. 6) Ensure that smoking materials and other potentially harmful objects are stored away from client's access. 7)Monitor the client's vital signs every 15 minutes initially and less frequently as acute symptoms subside.  2 INEFFECTIVE DENIAL  *NEFFECTIVE DENIAL RELATED TO: Weak , Underdeveloped ego *EVIDENCED BY: Statments indicating no problem with substance use *Expected outcome: Short-Term Goal Client will divert attention away from external issues and focus on behavioral outcomes associated with substance use. Long-Term Goal Client will verbalize acceptance of responsibility for own behavior and acknowledge association between substance use and personal problems.  *NURSING INTERVENTIONS: 1) Begin by working to develop a trusting nurse-client relationship. Be honest. Keep all promises. 2)Convey an attitude of acceptance to the dient. Ensure that he or she understands "It is not you but your behavior that is unacceptable." 3)Provide information to correct misconceptions about substance abuse. Client may rationalize his or her behavior with statements such as, "I'm not an alcoholic. I can stop drinking any time I want. Besides, I only drink beer" Or "I only smoke pot to relax before class. So what? I know lots of people who do. Be-sides, you can't get hooked on pot" 4) Identify recent maladaptive behaviors or situations that have occurred in the dient's life, and discuss how use of substances may have been a contributing factor. 5) Use confrontation with caring. Do not allow dient to fantasize about his or her lifestyle (for example: "It is my understanding that the last time you drank alcohol, you.." or "The lab report shows that you were under the influence of alcohol when you had the accident that injured three people"). 6) Do not accept rationalization or projection as client attempts to make excuses for or blame his or her behavior on other people or situations.  3 INEFFECTIVE COPING *INEFFECTIVE COPING RELATED TO: Inadequate coping skills and weak ego *EVIDENCED BY: use of as a substance as a coping mechanism *Expected outcome: Short-Term Goal Client will express true feelings about using substances as a method of coping with stress. Long-Term Goal Client will be able to verbalize use of adaptive coping mechanisms, instead of substance abuse, in response to stress. *NURSING INTERVENTIONS: 1) Spend time with the client and establish a trusting relationship. 2)Set limits on manipulative behavior. 3)Encourage the client to verbalize feelings, fears, and anxieties. Answer any questions he or she may have regarding the disorder. Verbalization of feel. ings in a nonthreatening environment may help the dient come to terms with long-unresolved issues. 4) Explain the effects of substance abuse on the body 5)Provide positive reinforcement for evidence of gratification delayed appropriately. Encourage the client to be as independent as possible in performing his or her self-care. Provide positive feedback for independent decision-making and elective use of problem solving skills.  4 DYSFUNCTIONAL FAMILY PROCESSES *Dysfunction family processes RELATED TO: presence of a family member with a physical or mental illness *EVIDENCED BY: Recurring conflicts among family members *Expected outcome: Short-Term Goal Family members will participate in individual family programs and support groups. Family members will identify ineffective coping behaviors and consequences. Family will initiate and plan for necessary lifestyle changes. Long-Term Goal Family members will take action to change self-destructive behaviors and alter behaviors that contribute to client's addiction.  *NURSING INTERVENTIONS: 1)Review family history; explore roles of family members, circumstances involving alcohol use, strengths, and areas of growth. Explore how family members have coped with the client's addiction (e.g.. denial, repression, rationalization, hurt, loneliness,projection). 2)Determine the family's understanding of the current situation and previous methods of coping with life's problems. 3)Provide information about enabling behavior and addictive disease characteristics for both the user and nonuser. Achieving awareness and knowledge of behaviors 4)Identify and discuss the possibility of sabotage behaviors by family members. Even though family member (s) may verbalize a desire for the individual to become substance-free, the reality of interactive dynamics is that they may unconsciously not want the individual to recover, as this would affect the family members' own role in the relationship. 5)Involve the family in plans for discharge from treat-ment. Alcohol abuse is a family illness. Because the family has been so involved in dealing with the substance use behavior, family members need help adjusting to the new behavior  5 ALTERED NUTRITION *Altered nutrition RELATED TO: use of substance instead of eating *EVIDENCED BY: loss of weight,pale conjunctiva ,poor skin turgor and electrolytes imbalance *Expected outcome: Short-Term Goal Restore Immediate Nutritional Balance Address Dehydration or Deficiencies Reduce Substance-Related Symptoms Impacting Nutrition Long-Term Goal Achieve Optimal Nutritional Status Promote Nutritional Independence Support Recovery from Substance Abuse *NURSING INTERVENTIONS: 1)Parenteral support maybe required initially 2)Consult dietitian. Determine the number of calories required based on body size and level of activity. Document intake and output and calorie count ,and weigh client daily 3)Encourage cessation of smoking 4)Provide small frequent feeding of client favorite food.Supplemenet nutritious meals with multiple vitamin and mineral tablet  Summary The document discusses Substance Use Disorder (SUD), a condition caused by addiction to substances like alcohol, drugs, or medications. Key Points: 1. What is SUD? Persistent use of substances despite physical and psychological harm. 2. Causes: Psychological, social, and biological factors. 3. Symptoms: Physical: Weight loss, sleep disturbances. Psychological: Anxiety, depression. Behavioral: Neglecting responsibilities. 4. Complications: Serious illnesses like liver and respiratory problems. Mental health disorders like depression. 5. Treatment and Intervention: Building trust with the patient. Developing plans to reduce substance use. Providing psychological and nutritional support. Goal: To manage addiction effectively and help patients recover and improve their quality of life. REFERENCE