09/13 P3 Brain, Mind, and Behavior PDF

09/13 P3 Brain, Mind, and behavior Friday, September 13, 2024 11:31 AM Structure of neurons Glia: support cells, myelin sheath creation, Dendrite: receive data from other neurons Axon: where electrical signal is sent down Terminal branches: neurotransmitter released into syna...

09/13 P3 Brain, Mind, and behavior Friday, September 13, 2024 11:31 AM Structure of neurons Glia: support cells, myelin sheath creation, Dendrite: receive data from other neurons Axon: where electrical signal is sent down Terminal branches: neurotransmitter released into synapse Neuronal Communication Electrical and Chemical signaling Dendrites-Down Axon- Terminals- Synapse- Dendrites(post synaptic neuron) Electrical Signals Action potential: rapid change in voltage which neuron creates when successfully stimulated in order to pass critical threshold Resting potential: neuron very negatively polarized, -70 mVs Sufficient stimulation at Dendrite, voltage threshold, ion channels open, depolarization and Na+ enters, repolarization and K+ leaves, Refractory period: very short period, time for neuron to return to resting potential, -55mV All or none: soon as neuron reaches RP, another AP is fired Excitatory: Inhibitory: Chemical Signals Neurotransmission: chemical communication within Neurons. Amino Acids: Glutamate: primary excitatory transmitter, triggers AP. Gabba: primary inhibiting transmitter, can put a stop to AP. Monoamines: Norepinephrine, fight or flight response. Dopamine, associated with reward and pleasure. Serotonin, contributes to mood. Acetylcholine: involved is muscular control as well as learning and memory. Synapse: between terminal branches of descending neuron and dendrites of other Neuron Receptors: only certain neurotransmitters and receptors bind Artificial Transmission Psychoactive drugs: influence neurotransmitter activity Agonist: neurotransmitter action mimicked Antagonist: neurotransmission blocked Genes and Environment Allele: variant type of gene, each gene has two alleles from each parent. These are dominant or recessive Epigenetics: interactions of genes and environment of regulated gene expression Behavioral Genetics Behavioral Genetics: study of how genetic factors impact the variation of traits between individuals in a population Heritability: indication of the varies in phenotype across people due to differences within the genotype. Typically ranges from 30-60 percent Neural Plasticity Neural Plasticity: brain's capacity to physiologically change itself over a lifetime Neurogenesis: brains cells born in the brain over a lifetime Synaptogenesis: generation of new synapses between neurons 0913 P3 Brain, Mind, and behavior Page 1