Golgi Body Lecture Notes PDF

Cell Biology, Biochemistry 8.1. Lecture Golgi body Edited by: Veronika Vincze  Golgi body also known as the Golgi complex, Golgi apparatus, or simply the Golgi, is an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells it was identified in 1897 by...

Cell Biology, Biochemistry 8.1. Lecture Golgi body Edited by: Veronika Vincze  Golgi body also known as the Golgi complex, Golgi apparatus, or simply the Golgi, is an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells it was identified in 1897 by the Italian physician Camillo Golgi and named after him in 1898 Part of the cellular endomembrane system  Function of Golgi body The Golgi is the distribution and shipping department for the cell's chemical products It plays three important roles: 1. Modification of complex molecules (such as proteins) by the addition of sugars (glycosylation) 2. Proteolysis of peptide molecules which makes them become active 3. Sorting of molecules for either, transport out of the cell, incorporation in the cell membrane, or transport to another part of the cell  Structure of Golgi body The Golgi is divided into three functionally separate areas. The cis face (closest to the nucleus and the ER) receives transport vesicles from the smooth ER The medial Golgi which adds sugars to both lipids (fats) and peptides (proteins) The trans-Golgi network (TGN) (closest to the cell membrane) which performs proteolysis and sorts molecules for their destination  Secretion Transport Function of Golgi body Types Description Example Vesicle contains proteins destined for extracellular release. After packaging, the vesicles bud off and Antibody release by Exocytotic vesicles immediately move towards the plasma membrane, activated plasma B (constitutive) where they fuse and release the contents into the cells extracellular space in a process known as constitutive secretion. Vesicles contain proteins destined for extracellular release. After packaging, the vesicles bud off and are stored in the cell until a signal is given for their Secretory vesicles Neurotransmitter release. When the appropriate signal is received they (regulated) release from neurons move toward the membrane and fuse to release their contents. This process is known as regulated secretion. Vesicles contain proteins and ribosomes destined for the lysosome, a degradative organelle containing many acid hydrolases, or to lysosome-like storage Digestive proteases organelles. These proteins include both digestive Lysosomal vesicles destined for the enzymes and membrane proteins. The vesicle first lysosome fuses with the late endosome, and the contents are then transferred to the lysosome via unknown mechanisms.  Literature David L. Nelson and Michael M. Cox: LEHNINGER PRINCIPLES OF BIOCHEMISTRY, Sixth Edition Lodish et al., Molecular Cell Biology, Fifth Edition 8  Obligatory readings David L. Nelson and Michael M. Cox: LEHNINGER PRINCIPLES OF BIOCHEMISTRY, Sixth Edition Lodish et al., Molecular Cell Biology, Fifth Edition 9  List of topics 1. Introduction to cell biology. The structure of pro-and eukaryote cell. 2. Biomolecules of the cell: Saccharides. Mono- and disaccharides. Polysaccharides. 3. The structure of amino acids and proteins. Function of Proteins. Peptides with biological properties. The structure and function of enzymes. Regulation of enzyme activity. 4. Biomembranes: lipid composition and structural organization. Overview of membrane transport. 5. ATP-powered pumps and the intracellular ionic environment. Nongated ion channels and the resting membrane potential. 6. Integrating cells into tissues. Cell adhesion molecules and junctions. 7. The cytoplasma. The cell skeleton. Microfilaments and microtubules. 8. Rough and smooth endoplasmatic reticulum. 9. Lysosomes. Golgi body. Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant molecules. 10. Mitocondria. Principles of Bioenergetics. Glycolysis. Gycogen breakdown. 11. The structure and properties of nucleus. Nuclear transport processes. Chromosomes and DNA structure. mRNA, t RNA, rRNA structure 12. Cell cycle. Mitosis and meiosis. 13. DNA replication, transcription and translation. 10