Information Systems in Business and Administration PDF

Information systems in business and administration Business Informatics Tenured professor Mirjana Pejić Bach, PhD Information systems in business and administration Information system Business information system Smart companies Smart cit...

Information systems in business and administration Business Informatics Tenured professor Mirjana Pejić Bach, PhD Information systems in business and administration Information system Business information system Smart companies Smart cities  6.1 Information system The basic goal of information systems: hardwa - Supply of quality information re What must be the information in IS? the right information to the right datawa softwar place, at the right time and with re e minimal costs Elements of the informatio n system netwar lifeware e Basic functions of the information system: data collection orgwar data processing e storing (saving) data and information distribution of data and information to users  6.1 Information system The role of the information system in the organization The activities of organizations include a series of events that are accompanied by data often formatted into documents (study example) The basis of management is decision-making or decision-making  Based on quality data Business activities can be carried out efficiently only if there is adequate information and knowledge, which provides support for making decisions related to the activities  6.1 Information system Organization as a system General systems theory views the organization as a system Each system has input flows (material, financial, information), within which numerous processes (activities, events) take place in which the resources of the organization participate, and output flows that create new values ​(products, services) The organization is connected to other organizations in the environment through its input and output flows Systems have elements or subsystems  Every organization can be divided into three subsystems: execution subsystem – transaction subsystem control subsystem information subsystem  6.2 Business information system The business information system should provide data and information for SYSTEM FOR TRANSACTIO COMMUNICAT the execution of business ION AND N PROCESSING processes, business COOPERATIO N SYSTEM management and communication and cooperation From this pointactivities. of view, the MANAGEMENT business information SUPPORT SYSTEM system can be divided into:  6.2 Business information system Transaction processing system or transaction system part of the information system aimed at supporting the executive subsystem of the organization The basic task  ​that the computer program efficiently supports as many business transactions as possible it processes a number of transactions and can automate numerous tasks, such as taking exams, registering for exams, and the like  6.2 Business information system A transaction processing system or transaction system has 3 general functions: keeping records of completed transactions (e.g. invoice issuance transaction) or business events that occurred (e.g. an invoice was issued, an exam was registered) generation of documents needed in business (e.g. invoice in paper form, diploma) reporting on completed business processes (e.g. display of issued invoices during one day, survey results) A minimum level of computerization is required  6.2 Business information system Management support system at the beginning of the 80s of the last century  the first management support systems, the so-called management information systems they additionally process and shape data from the transaction system that are used for decision-making purposes Role  to provide the user with enough relevant information and to enable him to perform a quality analysis of the available data through various procedures Examples of using management support systems: analysis of income and expenditure trends; projection of future income and expenditure trends and changes...  6.2 Business information system Three groups of decision support systems (optional) Data warehouse-based systems include software solutions for extensive and highly complex data processing, such as analytical processing and knowledge discovery Business intelligence system – a unified system of data storage, tools for analytical processing and knowledge discovery The idea of ​business intelligence  intelligent business is based on information that is transformed into knowledge Newer generations of business intelligence systems - business performance management systems  6.2 Business information system A system for communication and cooperation ensures "information" connection within the organization, as well as the connection of the organization with the environment this system includes various applications of information technology to perform the following: communication-mail, phone, videoconferences cooperation support - collective decision-making, communication support for individual work - MS Office content management - preparation, processing and storage of data document search - public document databases and the web  6.2 Business information system Integrated information system enables company management to view the company's operations as a whole, and not partially through individual functions Business functions: Marketing, finance, sales, procurement, accounting, production, analysis and business planning, informatics A certain business function is covered by a certain module, and the modules are connected.  6.2 Business information system The complete integrated information system could include the following modules: Customer Business Relationship Supply Chain Business Performance Management Management Management (CRM) intelligence (SCM) Product Human Procurement Lifecycle Sales and Resource management Management - Logistics) Management) PLM Financial Project Knowledge E-Commerce Management) Management Management  6.2 Business information system Business information system modules we can observe the business information system through its support for individual business areas: Finance module Accounting module Marketing module Production module Computer aided design Computer-aided manufacturing Computer integrated production The concept of flexible production systems  6.3 Smart companies A smart company according to some authors, it encompasses the entire smart or digital economy and Industry 4.0, which is necessary for a smart company to exist the term can be limited only to technology and new business concepts that a smart company adopts through its transformation in a smart enterprise, technology plays a strategic role, not just a supporting one The main driving force of smart enterprises  the invention of social networks and intelligent devices  6.3 Smart companies Terms related to smart enterprise: industry 4.0 digital transformation digital economy and knowledge society  6.3 Smart companies - Industry 4.0 a strategic approach to connecting systems based on Internet technology with the aim of establishing communication between machines and business systems the main goal - to create smart companies through the digitization of business and production processes  6.3 Smart companies - Digital transformation of business consciously guided and thorough business transformation supported by intensive application of digital technologies constant application of digital technologies aimed at designing innovative business strategies and disruptive business models „The electric light did not come from continuous improvement of candles.” Oren Haran  6.3 Smart companies - Digital economy Digital economy is an umbrella term for new business models and new business platforms based on ICT as the basic infrastructure of business It is based on social networks, industry 4.0, the Internet of Things and the like  6.3 Smart companies - Knowledge society a society in which human knowledge, expertise and abilities are the most important development resource and driver of economic and social change A smart company bases its business on the activities of knowledge workers.  6.3 Technologies of smart enterprises big data cloud computing Internet of things artificial intelligence and real-time decision making  6.3 Technologies of smart enterprises Big Data they imply a large amount of structured, semi- structured and unstructured data that is collected from different sources and for various purposes Image data, social networks, media...  6.3 Smart companies  6.3 Technologies of smart enterprises Cloud Computing a software model that provides access to shared resources, enables companies to store and process data with minimal management costs, via the Internet Examples of cloud models - gmail, youtube, facebook, instagram, dropbox  6.3 Technologies of smart enterprises Internet of things (IoT) means connecting people, things and devices via the Internet communication between machines (Machine to Machine; M2M) and communication with employees An example of Internet of Things technology is RFID chips (Radio-frequency identification).  6.3 Technologies of smart enterprises Internet of things (IoT)  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LlhmzVL5bm8  6.3 Technologies of smart enterprises Artificial Intelligence (English Artificial Intelligence) computer science that deals with developing the ability of computers to perform tasks that require some form of intelligence artificial intelligence systems can navigate new situations, create new concepts, draw conclusions, understand natural language, recognize products, etc. the concept of artificial intelligence is still in its infancy and there are no computers whose intelligence would be equal to that of humans,  6.3 Technologies of smart enterprises Artificial Intelligence (English Artificial Intelligence) The robot revolution has arrived [HRP-5P] Capable of working with heavy materials at construc tion sites  6.4 Smart cities VISION OF THE CITY OF Since the end of the 19th THE FUTURE century, urban planners have foreseen the use of technological achievements in cities. One of the well-known examples is "Une cité industrielle", a vision of a highly industrialized city of the future that includes the technological achievements of the time inIndustrielle'', ''Cite its infrastructure. Garnier, 1908. Source: Essential-architecture - http://www.essential- architecture.com/STYLE/STY-069.htm  6.3 Smart cities Today - The importance of technology in cities In the last twenty years, the adoption of technologies in cities has been growing. The demand for technology in cities is driven by urbanization, climate change, the financial crisis and the free flow of people and goods. The adoption of technology in cities has been driven by both the decline in technology prices and the increase in the number of technology options. Technology is becoming more accessible, safer, more reliable and enables the development of various  6.3 Smart cities The concept of a smart city urban settlements that adopt new information and communication technologies they try to solve public problems - eg pollution, heavy traffic, lack of parking, saving energy, saving time The main focus of European Union strategies, programs and incentives  information and communication infrastructure, people, social capital and the environment as important drivers of smart city development  6.3 Smart cities In order for smart city projects to be successful, it is necessary to use the following concepts: strategic planning of the smart cities initiative pilot projects that are part of the strategic plan coordination and involvement of as many stakeholders as possible The key prerequisite for the development of a smart city is not the implementation of technology, but a change in organization while ensuring a change in culture It is also necessary to answer moral and ethical questions such as transparency, privacy and security issues  6.3 Smart cities By using information and communication technologies in smart cities, city infrastructure can be improved. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bANfnYDTzxE Smart city initiatives and projects are implemented in different areas of city infrastructure: natural resources and energy transport and mobility residential and business buildings quality of life power and management economy and human resources  6.3 Smart cities  6.3 Smart cities Natural resources and energy of smart cities includes concepts such as: management of water supply based on upgrading the water supply network with real-time sensors and analytics waste management in which waste collection truck drivers use a dynamic route selection system and surveillance cameras are used to identify problem areas the use of sensor networks to monitor energy networks and in energy demand management systems for regulating public lighting with regard to weather conditions  6.3 Smart cities Transport and mobility of smart cities is aimed at improving logistics flows in the city (e.g. garbage transport) and people's mobility The infrastructure can be upgraded with systems based on the analysis of data on traffic conditions, weather conditions, as well as data from social networks  6.3 Smart cities In smart cities, there are initiatives aimed at improving conditions in residential and commercial buildings. Initiatives can relate to smart management: electricity supply and lighting water supply heating, air conditioning and ventilation systems Telecommunications By improving the conditions in business and residential buildings, the quality of life of citizens increases.  6.3 Smart cities The quality of life of city dwellers can be improved by smart initiatives in the area of: pollution control - smart cities monitor air, water and environmental quality public security - criminal activities in cities can endanger the lives of citizens and damage their property, which is why the establishment of a safe urban environment is crucial. There are new approaches that use big data and predictive analytics to predict crime and data visualization and other technologies to reduce crime rates. (Minority report, Tom Cruise) healthcare - the use of information and communication Autonomous Drone Disinfection for Covid-19 in S technologies in prevention, diagnosis and treatment is mart Cities encouraged  6.3 Smart cities The quality of life of city dwellers can be improved by smart initiatives in the area of: entertainment and cultural content - smart initiatives that support the creation of quality and responsive channels for information about entertainment and cultural content and public spaces in the city also increase the quality of life in the city, as well as the stay of tourists in cities. social inclusion - smart cities also launch initiatives that enable the social inclusion of the elderly or people with special needs  6.3 Smart cities Initiatives characteristic of the area of ​government and city management are: Electronic public administration - refers to the management of documents and procedures using ICT with the aim of optimizing the work of public administration and serving citizens. Numerous initiatives introduce new and innovative services to citizens. Electronic voting means the use of innovative ICT as support for voting. Transparency is achieved through cooperation with stakeholders and open data. Smart city management gives citizens access to official documents and listens to citizens' remarks and suggestions. So-called open data portals and transparency portals are most often created for this purpose.  6.3 Smart cities Smart cities influence the development of human resources through initiatives: innovative and entrepreneurial activities, education and human capital management These are projects such as: the opening of business incubators, the introduction of modern information and communication technology and teaching tools (for example, e-learning systems, interactive whiteboards, the use of tablets in classes, etc.) and investment in the creation and attraction of talent. Thank you for your attention!