Third Stage of Labor PDF
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Summary
This document covers the third stage of labor, discussing various aspects such as the physiological explanations behind the process, different methods of placental expulsion, cord traction, and external uterine massage. It also explores potential complications like retained placenta and uterine inversion.
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ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ www.onlinedoctranslator.com - ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺎﺽ ﻫﻲﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻠﻲ ﻭﻻﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻄﻔﻞ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺩﺓﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺇﺧﺮﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﻏﺸﻴﺔ. ﻣﺪﺓﺃﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﻦ 30ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻄﻮﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟ...
ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ www.onlinedoctranslator.com - ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺎﺽ ﻫﻲﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻠﻲ ﻭﻻﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻄﻔﻞ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺩﺓﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺇﺧﺮﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﻏﺸﻴﺔ. ﻣﺪﺓﺃﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﻦ 30ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻄﻮﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺎﺽ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﺮﻑ ﺃﻳﻀﺎً ﺑﺎﺳﻢﺍﻟﻤﺸﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﺒﺴﺔ. ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻴﻤﺔﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﺠﺰﺓ ﻳﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓﺧﻄﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺰﻳﻒ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﻋﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻫﻲﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺟﺰﺉﻴﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺨﺪﻳﺮ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻪ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻴﻦ ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻴﻤﺔ ﻳﺪﻭﻳﺎً. ﻓﺴﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎﺍﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺩﺓ ﻣﺪﺓﺍﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺎﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺇﻛﻤﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻫﻲﻓﻲ ﻏﻀﻮﻥ 10ﺩﻗﺎﺉﻖ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻣﺪﺓ ﺃﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﻦ 30ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻋﺎﺩﺓً ﺃﻃﻮﻝﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻜﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻧﻔﺼﺎﻝﺍﻟﻤﺸﻴﻤﺔ ﻃﺮﺩﺍﻟﻤﺸﻴﻤﺔ ﺁﻟﻴﺔﺷﻮﻟﺘﺰ ,ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻴﻤﺔ ﺗﻨﻔﺼﻞ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻳﺎ -ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺩﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﻴﻨﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻴﻤﺔ -ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻧﺐ ﺫﻭ ﺍﻟﻐﺸﺎء ﺍﻷﻣﻠﺲ ﺍﻟﻼﻣﻊ ﺁﻟﻴﺔﺩﻧﻜﺎﻥ ،ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻴﻤﺔ ﺗﻨﻔﺼﻞ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻃﻔﻴﻒ. -ﻳﻮﻟﺪ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻴﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﻷﻡ ،ﻣﻊ ﻓﻠﻘﺎﺕ ﺣﻤﺮﺍء ﺩﺍﻛﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ ".""Shiny ""Dirty Duncanﻭ "Schultz ﺩﻧﻜﺎﻥ. ﺁﻟﻴﺎﺕﻃﺮﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻴﻤﺔ.ﺃ.ﺷﻮﻟﺘﺰ.ﺏ. ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓﺍﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺎﺽ ﺍﺗﺤﺎﺩﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻼﺕ ) ،(ICMﻭﺍﺗﺤﺎﺩ ﺃﻃﺒﺎء ﺃﻣﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎء ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﻟﻴﺪ ) ،(FIGOﻭﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻄﺔ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻄﺔ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓﺍﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺴﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﻤﺎﺭﺳﺔﺷﺎﺉﻌﺔ ﻣﻘﻮﻱﺍﻟﺮﺣﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺎﻳﺔﻣﻦ ﺗﺴﻤﻢ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺩﺓ ﻧﺰﻑ ﺷﺪﺍﻟﺤﺒﻞ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺷﺪ ﺍﻟﺤﺒﻞ ﺑﻠﻄﻒ ﻝﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻴﻤﺔﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺒﻞﻣﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻴﻤﺔ ﻟﻘﺪﺍﻧﻔﺼﻞ.ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻋﻼﻣﺎﺕﺍﻧﻔﺼﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻴﻤﺔ. ﺗﺼﺮﻳﻒﺍﻟﺤﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻱ ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺗﺼﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﺤﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺎﺽ ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺒﻚﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺒﻚ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺎً )ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻴﻨﺎﺕﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ( ﻭﺗﺼﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺸﻴﻤﺔ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺤﺪﺙ ﺗﺼﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﺤﺒﻞﺗﻘﻠﻴﺺ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻟﺔ ﺑﺤﻮﺍﻟﻲ3 ﺩﻗﺎﺉﻖﻭﻓﻘﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻲ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ 80ﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻟﻴﻚﺍﻟﺮﺣﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺇﺧﺮﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻴﻤﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﻢ ﺇﻋﻄﺎء ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻘﻮﻱ ﻟﻠﺮﺣﻢ ،ﻓﻘﺪ ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻟﻴﻚ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻣﻔﻴﺪﺍً. ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺿﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻜﺮﺓ ﻧﺰﻑ. ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻟﻴﻚﺍﻟﺮﺣﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺇﺧﺮﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻴﻤﺔ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺪﻟﻴﻚ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻢ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺇﺧﺮﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻴﻤﺔﻻ ﻣﺴُﺘﺤَﺴﻦَﻷﻧﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺖﺍﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔﺃ ﻗﺒﻞ ged ﺗﻨﻔﺼﻞﺍﻟﻤﺸﻴﻤﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻧﺖﺍﻟﺠﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻳﻨﻲ ،ﻗﺪ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻟﻴﻚ ﺳﺒﺐﻓﺼﻞ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻴﻤﺔ ،ﻣﻤﺎ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻧﺰﻳﻒﻣﻨﺸﺄﻩ ﻃﺒﻲ. ﻗﻴﺎﺱﻓﻘﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺍﻷﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ ﻳﺤﺴﻦ ﺩﻗﺔ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ ﻓﻘﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ، ﺍﻷﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻳﻠﺔ ﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﻓﻘﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﻫﻲ ﻣﺴُﺘﺤَﺴﻦَ. ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺘﺎﻥ ﻳﺴﻬﻞ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬﻫﻤﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﻴﺎً:ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﻭﻭﺯﻧﻬﺎ. ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓﺍﻟﺘﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻟﻠﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔﺍﻟﻤﺨﺎﺽ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓﺍﻟﺘﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺩﺓ -1ﺩﻋﻢ ﺧﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺃﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻢ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﻃﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻡ ﺑﻌﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺧﻞ ﺃﺛﻨﺎء ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻗﺒﻞﺍﻟﻤﺨﺎﺽ. ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔﺍﺗﺨﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﻭﺳﻮﻑ ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﻃﺮﻕ ﺩﻋﻢ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺧﻼﻝﺍﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺧﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺮﻭﻓﺔ ﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺧﻄﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺰﻳﻒ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺩﺓ. -2ﻓﺤﺺ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﺃﻣﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻴﻤﺔ -2ﻓﺤﺺ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﺃﻣﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻴﻤﺔ -2ﻓﺤﺺ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﺃﻣﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻴﻤﺔ -2ﻓﺤﺺ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﺃﻣﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻴﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻢﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺽ ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻔﺎﺕﺍﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻴﻤﺔﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﺠﺰﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﺒﻞﺍﻟﻤﻘﻄﻮﻉ:ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﺸﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺮﻁ ﻟﻠﺤﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻱ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻧﻔﺼﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻴﻤﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻧﻔﺼﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺤﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻱﺃﻭ ﺍﻧﻔﺼﺎﻟﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻴﻤﺔ. ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏﺍﻟﺮﺣﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻴﻤﺔﺍﻟﻤﻠﺘﺼﻘﺔ ﻧﺰﻳﻒﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺩﺓ ﻭﺭﻡﺩﻣﻮﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﻋﻔﺎﺕﺍﻟﻄﺎﺭﺉﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺩﺭﺓ:ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺃﺓ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺩﺓ ﺗﻌﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺿﻌﻒ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﺴﻲ ،ﺃﻭ ﺍﻧﻬﻴﺎﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺐﻭﺍﻷﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻣﻮﻳﺔ ،ﺃﻭ ﺗﻐﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ ،ﺃﻭ ﻓﻘﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﻋﻲ. ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻔﺎﺕﺍﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻌَﺐَ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻴﻤﺔﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﺠﺰﺓ ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻔﺎﺕﺍﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻌَﺐَ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏﺍﻟﺮﺣﻢ ﻳﺤﺪﺙ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻨﻬﺎﺭ ﻗﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻢ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺗﺠﻮﻳﻒﺑﻄﺎﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻢ ،ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻗﻠﺐﺍﻟﺮﺣﻢ ﺟﺰﺉﻴﺎً ﺃﻭ ﻛﻠﻴﺎً ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﻟﻠﺨﺎﺭﺝ. ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻔﺎﺕﺍﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻌَﺐَ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻴﻤﺔﺍﻟﻤﻠﺘﺼﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻴﻤﺔﺍﻟﻤﻠﺘﺼﻘﺔﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻄﻠﺢ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡﻟﻺﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﻠﺘﺼﻘﺔﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺑﺠﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻢ. ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻔﺎﺕﺍﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻌَﺐَ ﻧﺰﻳﻒﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺩﺓ ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺢﻣﺒﻜﺮﺃﻭﺃﺳﺎﺳﻲﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺤﺪﺙ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺩﺍﺧﻞﺃﻭﻝ 24ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺩﺓ؛ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻴﺾﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ،ﻳﺘﻢ ﻭﺻﻔﻪ ﺑﺄﻧﻪﻣﺘﺄﺧﺮﺃﻭﺛﺎﻧﻮﻱﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺤﺪﺙ ﺑﻌﺪ 24ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺣﺘﻰ 6 ﺃﺳﺎﺑﻴﻊﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺩﺓ. ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺒﻮﻝ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺪﻡﻓﻘﺪﺍﻥ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ 500ﻣﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺒﻠﻴﺔﺃﻭﻓﻘﺪﺍﻥ ﺃﻛﺜﺮﻣﻦ 1000ﻣﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺼﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻝ"ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺗﻲ"ﺗﺬﻛﻴﺮ ﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻝ ﻧﺰﻳﻒﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺩﺓﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺰﻝ ﻭﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔﺃﺛﻨﺎء ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺰﻝ ﻭﻓﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ .1ﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺃﺓ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻠﺘﺰﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ. ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺃﺓ ﺑﺼﺤﺔ ﺟﻴﺪﺓ ﻭﺗﺨﺘﺒﺮ ﺣﻤﻼً ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺎً ،ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﻓﺮﺻﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺘﺎﺉﺞ ﺟﻴﺪﺓ ﻟﻠﻮﻻﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻻﺩﺓ. ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ ﺗﻤﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺰﻝ ﺃﻭ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺩﺓ. .2ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﻟﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺩﺓ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺑﺪء ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺎﺽ. ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻟﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺻﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺃﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻤﻞ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ. ﺍﻟﺤﺪﻭﺩﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺑﺪء ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺎﺽ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺉﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺪﻋﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ. ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔﺃﺛﻨﺎء ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺰﻝ ﻭﻓﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺩﺓ .3ﻳﺠﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﻓﻖ ﻣﺎﻫﺮﺍً ﻭﻗﺎﺩﺭﺍً ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ،ﻭﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﻋﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﻘﻈﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻋﺎﻳﺔﻭﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﻋﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺭﺉﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺣﺪﻭﺛﻬﺎ. ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺩﺓ ،ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎء ﻓﻲﺍﻟﻤﻨﺰﻝ ﺃﻭ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺩﺓ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻳﻘﻈﺎً ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﻭﺟﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻋﺎﻳﺔ. .4ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻟﻠﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﺸﻔﺎء ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﺍﺭﺉ. ﺗﺤﺪﺩ ﺇﺭﺷﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺎﺭﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﺮﻳﺔ ﻣﺆﺷﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺁﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻧﻈﺎﻡﻗﺎﺉﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺸﻔﻰ ﺷﻜﺮﺍًﻟﻚ