The Power, Challenges, Risks, and Current and Future Trends of Media and Information PDF

THE POWER, CHALLENGES, RISKS, AND CURRENT AND FUTURE TRENDS OF MEDIA AND INFORMATION MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY PREPARED BY ENGR. CHRISTIAN NEHEMIAH T. SATURE SUPPLEMENTAL VIDEO Regardless of your political stance, do you think social media influencers can give us a more reliable and...

THE POWER, CHALLENGES, RISKS, AND CURRENT AND FUTURE TRENDS OF MEDIA AND INFORMATION MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY PREPARED BY ENGR. CHRISTIAN NEHEMIAH T. SATURE SUPPLEMENTAL VIDEO Regardless of your political stance, do you think social media influencers can give us a more reliable and unbiased information than journalists? Earth has become a global village due to media. We can now know about any part of the world within minutes. Media plays a very important role and has a strong influence in every aspect of our lives. It is sometimes considered as the best source of knowledge about the happenings around the world. It greatly affects our lives because media has the power to influence our thoughts - either positive or negative. Our economy, education, social lives, and politics are also benefiting from the use of media.  THE POWER, CHALLENGES, AND RISKS OF MEDIA AND INFORMATION  OF MEDIA AND INFORMATION Media and information impact important aspects of human lives such as the following: THE POWER OF MEDIA AND INFORMATION ECONOMY ✓ Media help businesses in making known information about products in the market. ✓ Advertisements are all around us. There are posters on streets, billboards everywhere, ads popping on sites we visit, and shopping apps. ✓ Media is more likely to promote better commercial and industrial performances - especially when producing good-quality reportage and having a broader reach. The effect that media has on society and potential economic partners depends to a large extent on who they reach. THE POWER OF MEDIA AND INFORMATION ECONOMY ✓ Nowadays, social media is the commonly used media in business. Social media is an inexpensive method of advertising, and it also provided opportunities for businesses to offer their brands in a way that is transparent to their customers. ✓ Social media, by nature, allowed (and still allows) two-way communication between the brands and the customers. Social media allows customers to react to what brands offer without having to listen to any of the hype that has always been a part of traditional marketing. THE POWER OF MEDIA AND INFORMATION ECONOMY ✓ Customers can voice concerns and communicate their customer service issues. If there is no response from the brands based on customer feedback, the customers go elsewhere. THE POWER OF MEDIA AND INFORMATION EDUCATION ✓ Education programs help people learn anything through Internet, television, and radio. Children develop their skills and intellect by watching programs because audio and visual media make lessons quite easy for them to understand. ✓ Using media in the classroom engages students in learning and provides a richer experience. ✓ Many forms of media are current and updated multiple times on a regular basis. This access to real-time information allows teachers to lead discussions and assign projects about current events, which is significantly less tedious than having students find and bring current newspapers to class. Most students find using media in class exciting, making learning more fun and less boring. THE POWER OF MEDIA AND INFORMATION EDUCATION The following are advantages of media to students, according to Carleton College: ✓ Popular media (e.g., films, music, YouTube) are a familiar medium to students that helps gain attention and maintain student interest in the theories and concepts under discussion. Students can see the theories and concepts in action. In a figurative sense, theories and concepts leap from the screen; ✓ Students can hone their analytical skills by analyzing media using the theories and concepts they are studying; ✓ The use of media in the classroom enables students to see concepts and new examples when they are watching television, listening to music, or are at the movies with friends; and ✓ Students can experience worlds beyond their own, especially if the media is sharply different from their local environment. THE POWER OF MEDIA AND INFORMATION SOCIAL LIVES ✓ Socialization is the process whereby we learn and internalize the values, beliefs, and norms of our culture and, in so doing, develop a sense of self. ✓ There are many agents of socialization, such as our families, the friends we gain, and the institution we belong to. Mass media has become one of the most powerful forces that connect people to other people. Because of this, mass media can be considered a significant agent of socialization, as it has become a large influence in who we become. THE POWER OF MEDIA AND INFORMATION SOCIAL LIVES ✓ Mass media dictates what is relevant or important to someone’s life and what deserves more attention. ✓ It entices people to certain social beliefs by persuasion and selectively appropriating their messages. ✓ Because people spend more time with mass media, they are easily shaped by whatever they are exposed to. THE POWER OF MEDIA AND INFORMATION POLITICS ✓ Media plays a vital role in a democracy, informing the public about political issues and acting as a watchdog against abuses of power. ✓ In the mid-20th century, governments exercised considerable control over the media (e.g., September 28, 1972 Letter of Instruction No. 1: authorizing the military to take over the assets of major media outlets and various radio stations across the country within the first week of the declaration of Martial Law). ✓ By the early 2000s, media independence and access to government information was protected by a number of laws. THE POWER OF MEDIA AND INFORMATION POLITICS ✓ Media is the main source of political information in a democracy, heavily influencing both people and politics. Its power grows during elections when political parties are very concerned about how the media portrays them. ✓ Ideally, the media should fulfill the political role by disseminating the full range of political opinions, enabling the public to make political choices and enter the national life. ✓ In democratic societies, for instance, media is a communication channel which ensures the exchange of opinions of those both in power and of the general public. THE POWER OF MEDIA AND INFORMATION POLITICS ✓ In liberal democratic countries, media informs the public and acts as a watchdog of the government. It must make the political system more transparent, by helping people participate in political decisions, understanding the operations of government, etc. ✓ Unfortunately, in practice and most of the time, media plays different roles. ✓ It pretends to be transparent but actually hides important information within a mix of fake political realities. Politicians and even governments can manipulate media coverage to achieve their political and economic goals by distracting the audience. THE CHALLENGES AND RISKS OF MEDIA AND INFORMATION THE CHALLENGES AND RISKS OF MEDIA AND INFORMATION Every coin has two sides - media has both positive and negative effects. It's often blamed for youth violence and other social issues. According to the General Social Survey, 28% of people watch four or more hours of TV daily, while 46% watch two to three hours. Children are exposed to thousands of violent acts on TV and in movies before adulthood. Rap lyrics often glorify violence, including against women. Commercials heavily influence our product choices, and media reinforces racial and gender stereotypes, like seeing women as sex objects and targets of violence. UNESCO highlights these challenges and risks. THE CHALLENGES AND RISKS OF MEDIA AND INFORMATION CHALLENGES RELATED TO ONLINE CONTENT 1. AGE-INAPPROPRIATE CONTENTS The Internet has content for everyone, but not everything is safe for kids and young people. It's important to decide what is appropriate for each age group. Some content, like adult material (e.g., pornography, graphic violence, drug and substance use, and explicit language) can be harmful to younger users, even if it's not illegal. Minors might come across this content by accident or while searching for it, which can be risky. THE CHALLENGES AND RISKS OF MEDIA AND INFORMATION CHALLENGES RELATED TO ONLINE CONTENT 2. ILLEGAL CONTENTS (i.e., racism and child pornography) What counts as illegal content varies by country, though some types are banned almost everywhere. Despite this, illegal content is still accessible, sometimes by accident or on purpose, by children and young people. It's also important to protect them from being victims of illegal content, like when photos or videos of child abuse are shared. THE CHALLENGES AND RISKS OF MEDIA AND INFORMATION CHALLENGES RELATED TO ONLINE CONTENT 3. LACK OF VERIFICATION OF CONTENT Since online content isn't always verified, young people need to learn to read it critically and not believe everything they see. User-generated content on the web can often be biased, incomplete, or inaccurate. It's important for younger users to be aware of the risks of trusting everything they read online. THE CHALLENGES AND RISKS OF MEDIA AND INFORMATION CHALLENGES RELATED TO ONLINE CONTENT 4. INCITEMENT OF HARM Many websites encourage harmful behavior, like suicide, anorexia, or sects. With more people creating online content, the risk of seeing this harmful material is increasing. Children and young people often cannot fully understand the dangers of following advice from these sites. THE CHALLENGES AND RISKS OF MEDIA AND INFORMATION CHALLENGES RELATED TO ONLINE CONTENT 5. INFRINGEMENT OF HUMAN RIGHTS/DEFAMATION Online anonymity makes it easy to spread propaganda against groups or individuals. People often behave differently online since they don't face their victims directly, which increases the risk of human rights violations and defamation. This can be especially harmful to children and teens, who may be influenced by false or misleading information. THE CHALLENGES AND RISKS OF MEDIA AND INFORMATION CHALLENGES RELATED TO ONLINE CONTENT 6. INAPPROPRIATE ADVERTISEMENT AND MARKETING TO CHILDREN Inappropriate ads, like those for cosmetic surgery, pose risks to children. The more personal info kids share online, the more likely they are to get these ads or be asked to join lotteries. Many young people don't realize the risks of entering their names on websites. With so many kids using mobile phones, this is another way they might be exposed to harmful ads. THE CHALLENGES AND RISKS OF MEDIA AND INFORMATION CHALLENGES RELATED TO ONLINE CONTENT 7. PRIVACY Content posted online can spread quickly and stay forever. Many, especially kids and teens, don't realize the lasting impact of sharing texts or photos they might regret later. Personal data stored online can be easily accessed by others, often without users realizing how unprotected it is. It's crucial for everyone to understand the risks when using the Internet. THE CHALLENGES AND RISKS OF MEDIA AND INFORMATION CHALLENGES RELATED TO ONLINE CONTENT 8. COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT Copyright infringement often happens because of users' actions. Whether done intentionally or by mistake, it’s considered fraud by the copyright owner and can lead to penalties for the violator. THE CHALLENGES AND RISKS OF MEDIA AND INFORMATION RISKS RELATED TO ONLINE CONTACT 1. HARMFUL ADVICE Forums, blogs, and social platforms allow users to share information and advice, which can be helpful. However, they also increase the risk of encountering harmful or inappropriate advice, especially for children and young people. This risk is higher on social media and Web 2.0 platforms compared to regular websites. THE CHALLENGES AND RISKS OF MEDIA AND INFORMATION RISKS RELATED TO ONLINE CONTACT 2. IDENTITY THEFT Identity theft is when someone steals another person's electronic identity, like a username and password, to commit fraud for their own gain. As more people go online and use personalized services, the risk of identity theft is increasing. THE CHALLENGES AND RISKS OF MEDIA AND INFORMATION RISKS RELATED TO ONLINE CONTACT 3. MONEY THEFT/PHISHING Phishing refers to the process of harvesting bank details, in particular personal identification numbers (PINs) and transaction authentication numbers with the intent to ransack other people's bank accounts. Young people are more likely to not recognize a fake website and to give away their bank details. THE CHALLENGES AND RISKS OF MEDIA AND INFORMATION RISKS RELATED TO ONLINE CONTACT 4. COMMERCIAL FRAUD Commercial fraud occurs when sellers deceive buyers by not delivering promised goods or services, or by delivering them without the promised quality. It can also involve identity theft, phishing, or unfair pricing of digital services, often leading to unwanted subscriptions. Many users, especially children and young people, are unaware of the risks of these online contracts. THE CHALLENGES AND RISKS OF MEDIA AND INFORMATION RISKS RELATED TO ONLINE CONTACT 5. GROOMING Grooming is when pedophiles use the Internet to secretly contact children, often by pretending to be someone else. They exploit children's need for friendship. Any online platform where people can connect is vulnerable to grooming. Mobile phones, which children use privately, add to the risk, as they often access social networks through them. With the rise of mobile tech and social media, the danger of grooming and accepting harmful invitations has increased. THE CHALLENGES AND RISKS OF MEDIA AND INFORMATION RISKS RELATED TO ONLINE CONTACT 6. BULLYING Bullying has always been part of life, but the Internet makes it easier due to anonymity. Children and young people are especially at risk of being both victims and perpetrators. Bullying is linked to how people behave online, often involving harmful online contact rather than just posting content. Multifunctional mobile phones are frequently used to take and share pictures for bullying. As many children have phones with cameras, bullying has become more common and easier. THE CHALLENGES AND RISKS OF MEDIA AND INFORMATION RISKS RELATED TO ONLINE CONTACT 7. DISCLOSING PRIVATE INFORMATION When setting up a profile on a social community platform, users are invited to disclose private information to present themselves to the community. Also, in chat rooms and forums, users may disclose private data to others, such as their address or telephone number. Young people in particular, are unable to foresee the consequences of publishing their private data. They are often unaware that a chat room is not a private but a public area. THE CHALLENGES AND RISKS OF MEDIA AND INFORMATION RISKS RELATED TO ONLINE CONTACT 8. PROFILING As people create more profiles on different platforms, the risk increases that their personal data from one platform will be combined with data from others. This can lead to targeted ads and unwanted content. Profiling can happen when personal data is publicly visible, but a bigger risk is when platform providers secretly sell user profiles or data from their databases to third parties. CURRENT AND FUTURE TRENDS OF MEDIA AND INFORMATION OPEN ONLINE CONTENT MASSIVE OPEN ONLINE CONTENT Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) are free, accessible, and scalable online courses offered by universities and companies. The term was first used in 2008 for a peer-learning course model created by Stephen Downes and George Siemens. MOOCs quickly grew in 2011, offering a wide range of courses online at no cost. Unlike traditional online learning, MOOCs usually don't provide personalized academic support or guidance for students. There are two main types of MOOCs: MASSIVE OPEN ONLINE CONTENT CONNECTIVIST MASSIVE EXTENDED MASSIVE OPEN ONLINE COURSE OPEN ONLINE COURSE In cMOOCs, instead of one instructor These MOOCs are modeled after teaching the course like in traditional traditional university courses and allow university settings, groups of people many more people to access university- learn together through cooperative level education. While xMOOCs offer learning. This often happens through convenient, individualized learning, they blogs, learning communities, and social lack teacher-student interaction and media. In this setup, everyone can be limit peer-to-peer engagement. In this both a learner and a teacher. environment, participants are either learners or teachers, but not both. MASSIVE OPEN ONLINE CONTENT The main difference between cMOOCs and xMOOCs is that the lectures in xMOOs are delivered by instructors through an interactive video. While in cMOOcs, there is no literal lecture, but there are more discussions and cooperative learning where every participant learns from another participant. LEADING MOOCs OF THE 21 CENTURY ST LEADING MOOCs OF THE 21 CENTURY ST edX Founded in October 2012 by MIT and Harvard, edX offers online courses from top universities like Harvard, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and University of California- Berkeley. It focuses mainly on science and technology subjects. Courses include Software as a Service, Artificial Intelligence, and Computer Science. Learners use projects, textbooks, videos, and online labs and are facilitated by scientists and scholars. Certificates are awarded by HarvardX, MITx, or BerkeleyX upon successful completion. LEADING MOOCs OF THE 21 CENTURY ST COURSERA Launched in April 2012 by Stanford professors Daphne Koller and Andrew Ng, Coursera provides over a hundred free online courses from top universities like CalTech, Stanford, and Princeton. Courses cover various subjects such as Cryptography, Pharmacology, and Machine Learning. Learning includes videos, quizzes, readings, and sometimes free e- textbooks. Certificates are offered upon completion. LEADING MOOCs OF THE 21 CENTURY ST UDACITY Created by Sebastian Thrun, Udacity focuses on computer science and robotics. Courses include Introduction to Computer Science, Web Application Engineering, and Applied Cryptography. They run on a seven-week (hexamester) schedule with assignments, videos, and quizzes. Completers get a certificate, and top performers can have their resumes forwarded to partner companies like Google and Facebook.  WEARABLE TECHNOLOGIES WEARABLE TECHNOLOGIES WATCHES The watch market became the largest market among the wearable market that there have been some independent sub-segments to stand out. Some of these are athletic watches, fashion watches, kids' watches, and luxury. As of this moment, smartwatch has become the most popular wearable product among watches. WEARABLE TECHNOLOGIES HEARABLES These are similar to headphones but include voice input and audio output. Examples include earphones (i.e., in-ear; located in the ear canal), earbuds (i.e., outside ear canal to hear ambient noise), and headsets (i.e., speaker with microphones worn outside the ear). Hearables can track body metrics like temperature and heart rate more accurately than some wearables. WEARABLE TECHNOLOGIES SMART CLOTHING These wearable technology, also known as smart garments, have sensors woven into them. Smart garments include shoes, shirts, and socks, with smart shoes tracking detailed metrics. There are three types: First generation: Sensors attached to clothing. Second generation: Sensors embedded in clothing. Third generation: Clothing that is the sensor itself. WEARABLE TECHNOLOGIES GLASSES These are wearable glasses that can record what you see or add information via Augmented Reality (AR). Early examples include Google Glass and Hololens. They are expected to become more common, Google Glass especially in the US and Japan. Hololens WEARABLE TECHNOLOGIES SMART JEWELRY Designed to function like a smartwatch but in jewelry form, smart jewelry notifies users of calls and messages, tracks fitness data, and sometimes measures stress resistance. Examples include bracelets, rings, and necklaces. WEARABLE TECHNOLOGIES WEARABLE CAMERAS These cameras, often mounted on clothing or accessories, record activities from a first-person perspective. Popular for sports and adventure, they include models like GoPro, which can shoot high- resolution video and is sometimes waterproof. WEARABLE TECHNOLOGIES BODY SENSORS These sensors, either on the skin's surface or implanted, monitor health metrics and send data to smartphones. They are used for medical purposes like electrocardiogram (ECG), electroencephalogram (EEG), and tracking physical activity. WEARABLE TECHNOLOGIES HEAD-MOUNTED DISPLAYS Head-mounted displays let users experience Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR), or Mixed Reality (MR). They include: Monocular HMDs: Display for one eye (e.g., Google Glass) Binocular HMDs: Display for both eyes (e.g., HTC Vive, Oculus Rift). WEARABLE TECHNOLOGIES EXOSKELETONS Also known as exosuit, these wearable machines enhance strength and endurance using various technologies: Active Exoskeletons: Use actuators to assist movement, useful in medicine and military. Passive Exoskeletons: No electronics, used mainly in military settings to reduce strain and impact on heavy loads. GESTURE-CONTROL WEARABLES GESTURE-CONTROL WEARABLES These devices recognize body movements to control computers or other devices hands-free, often using natural user interfaces with no intermediate devices. Common examples are rings or wristbands like the Myo Armband, which allows controlling devices through arm movements. IMPLANTABLE WEARABLES IMPLANTABLE WEARABLES These devices are placed inside the body and send data to smartphones or computers. They are mainly used in medicine to monitor health, such as tracking blood sugar levels or using smart pills that communicate with doctors' apps. It simplify and speed up monitoring the patient's state, and also accelerate the process of treatment due to real-time tracking. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) chips can track location, and smart tattoos can interact with nearby devices.  THREE-DIMENSIONAL VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS THREE-DIMENSIONAL VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS Three-dimensional virtual environments (3D VEs) use 3D graphics to create immersive, interactive experiences. Users can perform actions similar to the real world, like walking around or manipulating objects. This technology enhances online interactions and can be used for educational purposes, particularly in physics, by reducing the need for physical labs. UBIQUITOUS UBIQUITOUS LEARNING U-Learning involves learning through mobile devices and wireless networks in everyday life, adapting to the learner’s environment and needs. Key characteristics include 24/7 access to materials, accessibility anywhere, immediate availability, interactivity, situational activities, and adaptability. Mark Weiser, a chief scientist at Xerox PARC is the father of UbiComp (Ubiquitous Computing). UbiComp is the third wave of computer technology, succeeding mainframe (first wave) and emergence of personal computer (second wave). The three basic forms of ubiquitous devices that can be used by humans are wearable devices, handheld devices, and interactive display devices. UBIQUITOUS LEARNING The eight main characteristics of ubiquitous learning are: 1. Permanency is the availability of learning materials anytime, unless purposely deleted. 2. Accessibility is the availability of learning materials anywhere. 3. Immediacy is the availability of learning materials wherever and whenever the learner immediately needs it. 4. Interactivity is the availability of learning materials for collaboration. 5. Situated instructional activities is the part of the learning material that is online and on-site. 6. Adaptability is the getting of the correct information from the right source to the right recipient on the right place at the right time. 7. Mobile devices range from smartphones, PDAs to camera phones to multimedia phones to touchscreens, with much overlap between them (Kroski, 2008). 8. Cloud computing uses remote servers online to store, back up, and manage files instead of your personal computer. It can be accessed from anywhere with an Internet connection, making it a reliable and scalable part of online learning systems (Del Mundo, 2015). INSTRUCTIONS: ASSIGNMENT 1. Innovate a wearable technology and make a prototype of it. You have the freedom to choose any type of wearable technology you want to innovate. You may use craft materials like carboard boxes, illustration boards, yarns, etc. for your prototype. Be creative and resourceful. 2. Take a photo of your wearable technology and put it on a short bond paper. Also, indicate the features of your technology. Make it is practical and feasible. 3. Prepare a one-minute creative advertisement to promote your wearable technology. Be creative and entertaining. RUBRICS: WEARABLE TECHNOLOGY: 70% (50% prototype and 20% features and specs) ADVERTISEMENT: 30%