Medieval Life vs Country Life PDF

# Medieval Life vs. Country Life ## Medieval Country Life - Peasants = illiterate/uneducated. - Peasants didn't leave where they lived/worked. - Some peasants were freemen (owned land, worked for money), but most were serfs. - Serfs weren't allowed to leave the manor without permission. Rarely furt...

# Medieval Life vs. Country Life ## Medieval Country Life - Peasants = illiterate/uneducated. - Peasants didn't leave where they lived/worked. - Some peasants were freemen (owned land, worked for money), but most were serfs. - Serfs weren't allowed to leave the manor without permission. Rarely further than the nearest town. - Lived in rural villages at a manor. - Assigned land to farm. - Had to turn over most of what they produced to the manor's lord. - Build roads/clear forests = do work ## Town Life - Centres for farm communities. - Close to a castle, palace or monastery. - Citizens build walls around town to protect. - Towns = crowded, dirty, rat infested, offered freedom and new opportunities. - People had freedom to do as they wished, marry whoever, and make money. - Runaway serfs = gain freedom surviving in town for a year and a day without being caught. - Goods were available in shops. - A peasant who's good at something could open a shop for their talent. - Unskilled peasants could learn, others could work for wealthy merchants as servants or labourers. - Production of goods and trade organized by a Guild. - Controlled prices, quality standards, and decided who could apprentice. Took care of guild members and their families in case of illness or accident. - Children 8 years old went to live and work at their master's home. - They'd later take a test to become a journeyman. - Several study years = master # 3 KEY ELEMENTS: End of feudalism in Europe: - Black Death - Citizens Revolted - War # The Renaissance - Vocabulary | Term | Definition | | -------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Feudalism | System of political organization during the Middle Ages. Lords owned all land and others served him. Born into a level of society and couldn't move. Ranked according to importance. | | Hierarchy | System in which status is ranked, and power is concentrated around higher ranks. | | Allegiance | Loyalty | | Manor/Fief | An estate of land, especially one held on a condition of feudal service. | | Freeman | Person who is entitled to full political and civil rights. | | Serfs | Agricultural laborers bound under the feudal system to work on their lord's estate. | | Monastery | Building where monks live under religious vows. Often central in medieval towns. | | Journeymen | Trained worker employed by someone else. | | Sumptuary Laws | Controlled consumption/how people spent their money. Restricted what people of different classes could wear/buy. | | Tithe | A tax which members of the congregation payed to the church. A portion of their crops/earnings. | | City-State | City that is politically independent, and the rural area around it. | | Hinterland | Area surrounding town or manor etc. | | Renaissance | "Rebirth" or "awakening" | | Expansionism | Refers to the actions and attitudes of a state or country whose goal is to increase its power and territory. | | Imperialism | The extension of power over a territory/people/resources. Portugal/Spain/Other Europeans wanted to expand their world and gain ultimate power/territory/resources/people that they came across. | # Chapter 1 ## What was the renaissance? - 14th-17th century time which began as a cultural movement in Italy, and later spread to Europe as the early modern ages. - It was the bridge between the middle ages and modern history. ## Why were the Middle Ages often called the Dark Ages? - No big advancements were made. - End of middle ages: beginning of muslim trade and scientific discoveries. - Constant war and disease. ## TEST QUESTION: What led to the renaissance?: - The Dark Ages ## Feudalism (pyramid): - **Serfs:** Slaves who had to do what their master said - **Commoners:** The people - **Knights:** Knights (warfare) - **Barons:** Control and command knights. Power/Money - **Abbots/Bishops:** Religion - **The Crown:** King (benefits most from feudalism) # Worldviews | Worldview | Explanation | | ------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | View of Human Nature | Were humans made good or evil? | | View of the Good life | One's goals or hopes for the future. What their ideal life would be. | | Equality with Others | Are all humans equal? | | Responsibility to Others | Caring for others. Duties to other people | | Relationship between Individual & State | Government systems. Relationships between individuals and their ruling authority | | Relationship between Humans & Nature | Environment. How we care for our surroundings and nature. | | Sources of Ethical Wisdom | Religion. Beliefs. | # The Black Death - ~20 million Europeans died. - Outbreaks occurred for next several centuries. ## Result: - labor shortages, estates went bankrupt - Some nobles had to sell or rent manors to avoid bankruptcy. Serfs were released from their obligations to the lord. - Peasants now had options, but most stayed in security of work and the community they knew. # The New System - A new social structure emerged called the Class System. - It was based on money instead of land. # How does changing social structure affect society's world views? - People are more focused on enjoying material things. - Wealthy showed off status by wearing extravagant clothing. - Sumptuary laws allowed people to only buy from their class. # NEW SOCIAL STRUCTURE: Where do certain people fit? | **Top Level** | **Middle Level** | **Bottom Level** | | ----------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------ | | Church officials | Merchants and businesspeople | Peasants | | Lords or lords of large manors | Craftspeople | Rural labourers | | Noble families | Shopkeepers | Urban labourers | | Wealthy Merchants | Bankers | Servants | | | Priests and lower church officials | The unemployed | # Chapter 6 ## The Treaty of Tordesillas: - A treaty between Portugal and Spain made by the Pope in order to prevent war. - It split the world in half, the line went right through Brazil. - Spain got the west and Portugal got the east. Other countries didn't listen, but those two did. - The treaty was signed in Rome made by the Pope. ## Why? - Portugal and Spain wanted their share of the Asian trade, and their rulers couldn't come to an agreement. - Ethnocentrism made them think they could do that. ## Positives vs. Negatives of the Expansion/Imperialist European worldview: | Positives | Negatives | | --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Everyone got smarter | By 1600s less than 10% indigenous were left | | Europe got lots of resources | Estimated 90 000 000 indigenous died mostly by diseases Europeans brought | | Created society today | Many groups went extinct like Beothuk of Newfoundland | | Europeans didn't worry about dying so much. | Most written indigenous records were destroyed with their homes. | | Gave hope to average citizen | Indigenous were enslaved. | | Our world exists as peaceful as it is. | | ## Explain how the expansionist/Imperialist European worldview led to change. - Humanism brought new inventions and encouraged people to explore and improve their knowledge of the world. - Nearing the Renaissance's end, Europeans had explored most of the world. - Wherever imperialism led the Europeans, they brought religion, beliefs, economy, worldview, and lifestyle, advancing the world both good and bad.